The use of coronary artery calcium score, carotid ultrasound and exercise treadmill test in the screening of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introdução: nos últimos anos, foi observado um aumento significativo da incidência do diabetes e, consequentemente, o aumento de sua prevalência. As doenças cardiovasculares, sobretudo o infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) e o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), são as principais responsáveis pela mortalidade nesses pacientes, sendo, muitas vezes, a primeira manifestação da doença. A ruptura da placa aterosclerótica coronariana é o mecanismo fisiopatológico de dois em cada três casos de IAM, e as características dessas placas já foram objeto de diversos estudos no campo da angiotomografia computadorizada das artérias coronárias (CCTA). Objetivo: avaliar a frequência de doença arterial coronariana e as principais características clínicas, laboratoriais, funcionais e anatômicas dos exames complementares em diabéticos tipo 2 (DM2) sem queixas cardiovasculares. Métodos: foram incluídos 98 pacientes diabéticos do tipo 2, avaliados entre junho de 2011 a janeiro de 2013, com idades entre 40 e 65 anos, cuja duração do diabetes tenha sido inferior a 10 anos, para serem submetidos às avaliações clínica e laboratorial, ao teste ergométrico, à ultrassonografia (USG) com Doppler de carótidas e vertebrais e à CCTA. Resultados: dos 98 pacientes, 44% (n = 43) apresentaram doença arterial coronária (DAC) na CCTA e 38 (39%), escore de cálcio coronário (CAC) maior do que zero. Além disso, 16 indivíduos apresentaram doença arterial coronariana significativa (obstrução luminal maior do que 50%), incluindo três com escore de cálcio coronário igual a zero. Pacientes com placas ateroscleróticas nas artérias coronárias apresentaram uma incidência maior de placas ateroscleróticas nas carótidas (58% x 38%, p = 0,01). Dos 55 pacientes com CCTA normal, 18 tinham placas nas carótidas. Dos 98 pacientes do estudo, oito pacientes tiveram o teste ergométrico positivo para isquemia miocárdica, e desses, cinco tinham estenose maior que 50%, dois tinham estenose menor que 50% e um não tinha aterosclerose coronariana. Conclusão: o paciente diabético sem sintomas cardiovasculares apresenta uma elevada frequência de doença arterial coronariana. O escore de cálcio coronário é, entre os testes estudados e em comparação com a CCTA, aquele que possui a maior sensibilidade e especificidade para predizer a DACIntroduction: in the last years, there has been a significant increase in the incidence of diabetes and, thus, an increase in its prevalence. Cardiovascular diseases, especially acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA), are the main causes of death in these patients, often being the first manifestation of the disease. Coronary atherosclerotic plaque rupture is the pathophysiological mechanism of two out of three cases of AMI and the characteristics of these plaques have already been the subject of several studies in the field of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Objective: to evaluate the frequency of coronary artery disease and the main clinical, laboratory, functional and anatomical characteristics of the complementary exams in type 2 diabetics without cardiovascular symptoms. Methods: we enrolled 98 type 2 diabetic patients, evaluated between June 2011 and January 2013, aged 40-65 years, duration of diabetes less than 10 years, submitted to clinical evaluation, laboratorial test, exercise treadmill test, Doppler ultrasonography of the carotid and vertebral arteries and CCTA. Results: out of the 98 patients, 44% (n = 43) had coronary artery disease (CAD) in CCTA, and 38 (39%) had a coronary artery calcium (CAC) score greater than zero. In addition, 16 subjects had significant coronary artery disease (luminal obstruction greater than 50%), including three with coronary artery calcium scores equal to zero. Patients with atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries had a higher incidence of atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries (58% x 38%, p = 0.01). From the 55 patients with normal CCTA, 18 had plaques in the carotid arteries. Out of the 98 patients, eight had a positive exercise treadmill test for myocardial ischemia, of whom five had stenosis greater than 50%, two had stenosis less than 50% and one had no coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusion: the diabetic patient without cardiovascular symptoms presents a high frequency of coronary artery disease. The coronary artery calcium score is, among the tests studied and in comparison to CCTA, the one that has the highest sensitivity and specificity to predict CA

SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection : a series of cases from the Federal District, Midwestern Brazil

Background: Since the novel coronavirus disease outbreak, over 179.7 million people have been infected by SARS-CoV-2 worldwide, including the population living in dengue-endemic regions, particularly Latin America and Southeast Asia, raising concern about the impact of possible co-infections. Methods: Thirteen SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection cases reported in Midwestern Brazil between April and September of 2020 are described. Information was gathered from hospital medical records regarding the most relevant clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic process, therapeutic interventions, together with clinician-assessed outcomes and follow-up. Results: Of the 13 cases, seven patients presented Acute Undifferentiated Febrile Syndrome and six had pre-existing co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension and hypopituitarism. Two patients were pregnant. The most common symptoms and clinical signs reported at first evaluation were myalgia, fever and dyspnea. In six cases, the initial diagnosis was dengue fever, which delayed the diagnosis of concomitant infections. The most frequently applied therapeutic interventions were antibiotics and analgesics. In total, four patients were hospitalized. None of them were transferred to the intensive care unit or died. Clinical improvement was verified in all patients after a maximum of 21 days. Conclusions: The cases reported here highlight the challenges in differential diagnosis and the importance of considering concomitant infections, especially to improve clinical management and possible prevention measures. Failure to consider a SARS-CoV-2/DENV co-infection may impact both individual and community levels, especially in endemic area

General characteristics of the study population.

General characteristics of the study population.</p

Differences between medical residents and nonmedical residents regarding the various characteristics studied—bivariate analyses (unadjusted).

Differences between medical residents and nonmedical residents regarding the various characteristics studied—bivariate analyses (unadjusted).</p

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictors associated with burnout (OLBI) among health residents.

Multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictors associated with burnout (OLBI) among health residents.</p

Association between burnout (OLBI) and various characteristics of the participants—bivariate analyses (not adjusted).

Association between burnout (OLBI) and various characteristics of the participants—bivariate analyses (not adjusted).</p

Differences between genders regarding the various variables studied.

Differences between genders regarding the various variables studied.</p

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