694 research outputs found
Electrostatic tailoring of magnetic interference in quantum point contact ballistic Josephson junctions
The magneto-electrostatic tailoring of the supercurrent in quantum point
contact ballistic Josephson junctions is demonstrated. An etched InAs-based
heterostructure is laterally contacted to superconducting niobium leads and the
existence of two etched side gates permits, in combination with the application
of a perpendicular magnetic field, to modify continuously the magnetic
interference pattern by depleting the weak link. For wider junctions the
supercurrent presents a Fraunhofer-like interference pattern with periodicity
h/2e whereas by shrinking electrostatically the weak link, the periodicity
evolves continuously to a monotonic decay. These devices represent novel
tunable structures that might lead to the study of the elusive Majorana
fermions.Comment: 4.5 pages, 4 color figure
Singlet-triplet transition in a few-electron lateral InGaAs-InAlAs quantum dot
The magnetic-field evolution of Coulomb blockade peaks in lateral
InGaAs/InAlAs quantum dots in the few-electron regime is reported. Quantum dots
are defined by gates evaporated onto a 60 nm-thick hydrogen silsesquioxane
insulating film. A gyromagnetic factor of 4.4 is measured via zero-bias spin
spectroscopy and a transition from singlet to triplet spin configuration is
found at an in-plane magnetic field B = 0.7 T. This observation opens the way
to the manipulation of singlet and triplet states at moderate fields and its
relevance for quantum information applications will be discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Flow regimes study within the Strait of Gibraltar using a high-performance numerical model
A three-dimensional sigma coordinate free-surface
high-performance model is used to investigate the flow regimes within the Strait of Gibraltar. High performances are achieved through a directive-based, MPI-like, parallelization of the code, obtained using SMS tool. The model makes use of a coastal-following, curvilinear orthogonal grid, that includes the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea, reaching very high resolution in the Strait. Four experiments with different initial salinity conditions representing the present and possible future climate conditions over the Mediterranean basin have been performed. Model results, analysed by means of the
three-layer composite Froude number theory, have shown two different possible regimes within the strait; for the present climate condition the strait is subjected to a
sub-maximal regimewhilefor possible future climate conditions a maximal regime can be reached
High critical-current density and scaling of phase-slip processes in YBaCuO nanowires
YBaCuO nanowires were reproducibly fabricated down to widths of 50 nm. A
Au/Ti cap layer on YBCO yielded high electrical performance up to temperatures
above 80 K in single nanowires. Critical current density of tens of MA/cm2 at T
= 4.2 K and of 10 MA/cm2 at 77 K were achieved that survive in high magnetic
fields. Phase-slip processes were tuned by choosing the size of the
nanochannels and the intensity of the applied external magnetic field. Data
indicate that YBCO nanowires are rather attractive system for the fabrication
of efficient sensors, supporting the notion of futuristic THz devices.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Superconductor
Science and Technolog
Enhancing sustainability by improving plant salt tolerance through macro-and micro-algal biostimulants
Algal biomass, extracts, or derivatives have long been considered a valuable material to bring benefits to humans and cultivated plants. In the last decades, it became evident that algal formulations can induce multiple effects on crops (including an increase in biomass, yield, and quality), and that algal extracts contain a series of bioactive compounds and signaling molecules, in addition to mineral and organic nutrients. The need to reduce the non-renewable chemical input in agriculture has recently prompted an increase in the use of algal extracts as a plant biostimulant, also because of their ability to promote plant growth in suboptimal conditions such as saline environments is beneficial. In this article, we discuss some research areas that are critical for the implementation in agriculture of macro-and microalgae extracts as plant biostimulants. Specifically, we provide an overview of current knowledge and achievements about extraction methods, compositions, and action mechanisms of algal extracts, focusing on salt-stress tolerance. We also outline current limitations and possible research avenues. We conclude that the comparison and the integration of knowledge on the molecular and physiological response of plants to salt and to algal extracts should also guide the extraction procedures and application methods. The effects of algal biostimulants have been mainly investigated from an applied perspective, and the exploitation of different scientific disciplines is still much needed for the development of new sustainable strategies to increase crop tolerance to salt stress
Modelling the Canes Venatici I dwarf spheroidal galaxy
The aim of this work is to find a progenitor for Canes Venatici I (CVn I),
under the assumption that it is a dark matter free object that is undergoing
tidal disruption. With a simple point mass integrator, we searched for an orbit
for this galaxy using its current position, position angle, and radial velocity
in the sky as constraints. The orbit that gives the best results has the pair
of proper motions = -0.099 mas yr and = -0.147
mas yr, that is an apogalactic distance of 242.79 kpc and a perigalactic
distance of 20.01 kpc. Using a dark matter free progenitor that undergoes tidal
disruption, the best-fitting model matches the final mass, surface brightness,
effective radius, and velocity dispersion of CVn I simultaneously. This model
has an initial Plummer mass of 2.47 x M and a Plummer radius of
653 pc, producing a remnant after 10 Gyr with a final mass of 2.45 x 10
M, a central surface brightness of 26.9 mag arcsec, an effective
radius of 545.7 pc, and a velocity dispersion with the value 7.58 km s.
Furthermore, it is matching the position angle and ellipticity of the projected
object in the sky.Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures, accepted by A&
Flux flow of Abrikosov-Josephson vortices along grain boundaries in high-temperature superconductors
We show that low-angle grain boundaries (GB) in high-temperature
superconductors exhibit intermediate Abrikosov vortices with Josephson cores,
whose length along GB is smaller that the London penetration depth, but
larger than the coherence length. We found an exact solution for a periodic
vortex structure moving along GB in a magnetic field and calculated the
flux flow resistivity , and the nonlinear voltage-current
characteristics. The predicted dependence describes well our
experimental data on unirradiated and irradiated
bicrystals, from which the core size , and the intrinsic depairing
density on nanoscales of few GB dislocations were measured for the
first time. The observed temperature dependence of
indicates a significant order parameter suppression in current channels between
GB dislocation cores.Comment: 5 pages 5 figures. Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted
POSEIDON: An integrated system for analysis and forecast of hydrological, meteorological and surface marine fields in the Mediterranean area
The Mediterranean area is characterized by relevant hydrological, meteorological and marine processes developing at horizontal space-scales of the order of 1–100 km. In the recent past, several international programs have been addressed (ALPEX, POEM, MAP, etc.)to “resolving” the dynamics of such motions. Other projects
(INTERREG-Flooding, MEDEX, etc.)are at present being developed with special emphasis on catastrophic events with major impact on human society that are, quite often, characterized in their manifestation by processes with the above-mentioned scales of motion. In the dynamical evolution of such events, however, equally important is the dynamics of interaction of the local (and sometimes very damaging)pro cesses with others developing at larger scales of motion. In fact, some of the most catastrophic events in the history of Mediterranean countries are associated with dynamical processes covering all the range of space-time scales from planetary to local. The Prevision Operational System for the mEditerranean basIn and the Defence of the lagOon of veNice (POSEIDON)is an integrated system for the analysis and forecast of hydrological, meteorological, oceanic fields specifically designed and set up in order to bridge the gap between global and local scales of motion, by modeling explicitly the above referred to dynamical processes in the range of scales from Mediterranean to local. The core of POSEIDON consists of a “cascade” of numerical models that, starting from global scale numerical analysisforecast, goes all the way to very local phenomena, like tidal propagation in Venice Lagoon. The large computational load imposed by such operational design requires necessarily parallel computing technology: the first model in the cascade is a parallelised version of BOlogna Limited Area Model (BOLAM)running on a Quadrics
128 processors computer (also known as QBOLAM). POSEIDON, developed in the context of a co-operation between the Italian Agency for New technologies, Energy and Environment (Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l’Energia e l’Ambiente, ENEA)and the Italian Agency for Environmental Protection and Technical Services (Agenzia per la Protezione dell’Ambiente e per i Servizi Tecnici, APAT), has become operational in 2000 and we are presently in the condition of drawing some preliminary conclusions about its performance. In the paper
we describe the scientific concepts that were at the basis of the original planning, the structure of the system, its operational cycle and some preliminary scientific and
technical evaluations after two years of experimentation
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