Automatic Composition Of Semantic Web Services Using A-teams With Genetic Agents

Automation of Web service composition is one of the most important problems in Web service research area. There are numerous methods to achieve Web service composition. This paper describes the use of Asynchronous Teams (A-Teams) algorithm with genetic agents to compose semantic Web services. Specific agents realize the composition of sequential, parallel and synchronization control flow patterns. Other agents, based on genetic algorithms, perform the crossover and mutation over these patterns. The composition is described through semantic logic rules that take into account the input and output parameters obtained from OWL-S files. The quality of the composition is also evaluated. A system was implemented and typical test scenarios are also presented. © 2011 IEEE.370377Turner, M., Budgen, D., Brereton, P., Turning software into a service (2003) Computer, 36 (10), pp. 38-44. , OctoberKlein, M., Köonig-Ries, B., Combining query and preference an approach to fully automatize dynamic service binding (2004) Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS'04), p. 788Vassileios, T., Christos, A., Stathes, H., Semantic web service discovery: Methods, algorithms and tools (2007) Semantic Web Services: Theory, Tools and Applications., , IDEA Group PublishingSycara, K., Paolucci, M., Ankolekar, A., Srinivasan, N., Automated discovery, interaction and composition of Semantic Web services (2003) Web Semantics, 1 (1), pp. 27-46. , DOI 10.1016/j.websem.2003.07.002Martin, D., (2004) OWL-S: Semantic Markup for Web Services, , http://www.w3.org/Submission/OWL-S, November, OnlineRoman, D., Web service modeling ontology (2005) Applied Ontology, 1 (1), pp. 77-106Talukdar, S., Baerentzen, L., Gove, A., De Souza, P., Asynchronous Teams: Cooperation Schemes for Autonomous Agents (1998) Journal of Heuristics, 4 (4), pp. 295-321De Jong, K.A., (2002) Evolutionary Computation, , 1st ed.: MIT Press, March 19(1999) Workflow Management Coalition, , http://www.wfmc.org/standards/docs/TC-1011_term_glossary_v3.pdf, WfMC, OnlineTang, M., Ai, L., A hybrid genetic algorithm for the optimal constrained web service selection problem in web service composition (2010) Proceeding of the 2010 World Congress on Computational Intelligence, , http://eprints.qut.edu.au/33293/1/c33293.pdf, JulyKlusch, M., Fries, B., Sycara, K., Automated semantic web service discovery with OWLS-MX (2006) Proceedings of the International Conference on Autonomous Agents, 2006, pp. 915-922. , DOI 10.1145/1160633.1160796, Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent SystemsTran, B.D., Tan, P.S., Goh, A., Composing OWL-S web services (2007) 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 322-329. , SeptemberEvren, S., (2004) Interface OWLType, , http://www.mindswap.org/2004/owl-s/api/doc/javadoc/org/mindswap/owl/ OWLType.html, Online(1996) Genetic Algorithms + Data Structures = Evolution Programs, , Zbigniew Michalewicz, 3rd ed.: SpringerKlusch, M., Kapahnke, P., Fries, B., Khalid, M.A., Vasileski, M., (2010) OWLS-TC3, , projects.semwebcentral.org/projects/owls-tc, September, Onlin

Efeito da época de semeadura nas relações de interferência entre uma comunidade infestante e a cultura do amendoim Effect of sowing time on the interference relations between a weed community and peanut crop

A presente pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da época de semeadura sobre os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do amendoim-rasteiro (Arachis hypogaea cv. IAC Runner 886). Dois experimentos foram instalados em épocas diferentes - início de novembro e de dezembro de 2005 em áreas vizinhas e provenientes de reforma de canavial, no município de Jaboticabal, SP, num solo de textura média. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com os tratamentos constituídos por períodos crescentes de convivência ou de controle das plantas daninhas com as plantas de amendoim. As plantas daninhas que se destacaram em importância relativa, na primeira e segunda épocas, foram Ipomoea triloba, Digitaria nuda, Hyptis lophanta e Sida spp. A comunidade infestante e a cultura foram influenciadas pela época de semeadura, modificando suas relações de interferência. Os valores de acúmulo de massa seca da parte aérea das plantas daninhas na segunda época superaram em 23,7% os encontrados na primeira época durante todo o ciclo de desenvolvimento da cultura, refletindo, principalmente, em redução de produtividade de vagens de amendoim. Admitindo 5% de tolerância na redução da produtividade de vagens, verificou-se que o período anterior à interferência (PAI) na primeira época foi de 28 dias após a emergência (DAE), e o período total de interferência (PTPI), de 78 DAE, com redução de produtividade de 53,5%. Na segunda época, os efeitos da convivência da comunidade infestante com a cultura foram mais drásticos, pois afetaram com maior intensidade a produtividade da cultura, reduzindo-a em 86%, com PAI de 33 DAE e PTPI de 93 DAE. Quando no limpo, durante todo o ciclo da cultura, o amendoim semeado mais cedo (início de novembro) apresentou produtividade de vagens maior, superando em 23,7% o semeado um mês mais tarde.This research was conducted to determine the effect of sowing time on weed interference periods in peanut crop (Arachis hypogaea cv. IAC Runner 886). Two experiments were set at different times, early November and December 2005, at neighboring areas originated from sugar-cane renewal in Jaboticabal, SP. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design,with the treatments consisting of increasing periods of weed coexistence or weed control in the peanut crop. The main weed species in the area were: Ipomoea triloba, Digitaria nuda, Hyptis lophanta and Sida spp. The weed community and the peanut crop were influenced by sowing time, modifying their interference relations. Weed shoot dry biomass for the second period exceeded in 23.7% those found at the first period throughout the crop development cycle, specially reflecting decreased peanut bean productivity. Assuming a tolerance of 5% for peanut bean production decrease, it was verified that the period before interference (PBI) for the first time was 28 days after emergence, and the entire period of interference prevention (EPIP) was of 79 days after emergence, with a productivity reduction of 53.5%. At the second time, weed interferences in the peanut crop were the worst, with production being affected more intensely and reduced to 86%, with a PBI of 33 and a EPIP of 93 days after emergence. When the peanut crop sowed earlier (November) was kept weed-free, throughout the crop cycle, green bean productivity was higher, 23.7% more than the peanut crop sowed a month later

Carbon film growth and hydrogenic retention of tungsten exposed to carbon-seeded high density deuterium plasmas

Tungsten (W) targets have been exposed to high density (n(e) = 2 eV. The maximum film thickness was similar to 2.1 mu m after a plasma exposure time of 120 S. He-3 nuclear reaction (NRA) analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) determine that the presence of a thin carbon film dominates the hydrogenic retention properties of the W substrate. Thermal desorption spectroscopy analysis shows retention increasing roughly linearly with incident plasma fluence. NRA measures a C/D ratio of similar to 0.002 in these films deposited at high surface temperatures. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Hydrogenic retention in tungsten exposed to ITER divertor relevant plasma flux densities

Tungsten targets are exposed to the plasma conditions expected at the strike point of a detached ITER divertor (similar to 10(24) D/m(2)s, Te similar to 2 eV). The surface temperature of the target is similar to 1600 K at the center and decreased radially to similar to 1000 K at the edges. A 2-D spatial scan of the W target using nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) shows an asymmetric D retention profile with the lowest retention values at the center of the target and the highest 6 mm off-center. Even in the regions of larger retention, the D concentrations were <= 5 x 10(15) D/cm(2) as measured by NRA. Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) is used to measure the global D retention. Very low retention with retained fractions ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-5) D-retained/D-incident were measured with TDS. Both NRA and TDS results show no clear dependence of retention on incident fluence possibly indicating the absence of plasma-driven trap production in W under these conditions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved