Effects of simultaneous nicotine and alcohol use in periodontitis progression in rats: a histomorphometric study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of alcohol and nicotine, when used alone or simulta - neously, on the alveolar bone loss area resulting from ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Study design: Forty adult male rats received a cotton ligature in the first lower molar sulcular area, and the animals were randomly assigned to different treatments (n = 10, each group) including daily peritoneal injections of saline solution (group A), submitted to self-administration of alcohol 25% (group B), nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 ?l/ml (group C), and nicotine solution in concentration 0.19 ?l/ml plus self-administration of alcohol 25% (group D). Five weeks later, the animals were sacrificed, and the samples were routinely processed for semi-serial decalcified sections. Results: Ligated teeth showed more alveolar bone loss than unligated ones (p < 0.05). Unligated teeth showed no significant differences between each other (p > 0.05). Analyses between the ligated teeth showed that the group C (nicotine) or group B (alcohol 25%) each had increasing alveolar bone loss in the furcation area, and the simulta - neous combination alcohol and nicotine (group D) intensified these ef fects (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that the simultaneous combination of alcohol and nicotine have a synergistic effect in the progression of periodontitis, evidenced by increased furcation region bone destruction in periodontal disease in rats

Relationship between -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene and risk of chronic periodontitis : evidence from a meta-analysis with new published findings

Periodontitis results from an inflammatory response caused by accumulative microorganisms in periodontal sites. Several factors are involved in pathogenesis of periodontitis, for example the -889 C/T polymorphism in interleukin-1A gene. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between this polymorphism and risk of development of chronic periodontitis by a meta-analysis based in new published findings. Thereunto a review in literature was performed in the electronic biomedical and education databases (Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and PubMed) to studies published before August 2, 2015, the abstracts were evaluated and the data extraction performed by two calibrated examiners. The calculations of the meta-analysis were obtained through statistical software Review Manager version 5.2 with calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), heterogeneity (I²) and Funnel plots with P <0.05. In overall, twenty-one case/control studies were selected with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls. The meta-analysis showed T allele was associated with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.36, P = 0.0004) with decreased value to heterogeneity (I² = 15%, P = 0.28). TT genotype was associated to patients with chronic periodontitis (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.83, P = 0.01). No publication bias was found in this meta-analysis by asymmetry in Funnel plots. This meta-analysis with 2,174 patients with chronic periodontitis and 1, 756 controls evidenced the -889 C/T polymorphism is associated to risk of development of chronic periodontitis with no significant value to heterogeneity to allelic evaluation

Desenvolvimento de um ambiente virtual de ensino em histologia para estudantes da saúde

As tecnologias da informação e da comunicação (TICs) têm sido amplamente utilizadas no ensino da saúde. As plataformas usadas para o desenvolvimento do ambiente virtual de ensino (AVE) geralmente apresentam uma linguagem de informática complexa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um AVE em Histologia voltado para estudantes da área da saúde, disponibilizado na internet com o uso de uma plataforma de uso gratuito e livre. O material elaborado utilizou diferentes TICs, como: animações, vídeos, atlas virtual, aulas virtuais, simulados online e chat. Foi desenvolvido um AVE com uso da plataforma online wordpress.org, que apresentou as seguintes vantagens: fácil manipulação, gerenciamento e atualização do site; interface simples; ampla quantidade de plugins disponíveis, que supriram as necessidades primárias do AVE; e utilização gratuita e livre. Embora esse recurso possa facilitar o aprendizado em Histologia, é preciso avaliar sua efetividade

Profile of the Brazilian Researcher in Occupational Therapy

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the profile of Brazilian PhD researchers in occupational therapy based on data obtained from the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development - CNPq. Two hundred forty curricula of occupational therapists were individually analyzed, 102 of them from PhD researchers. The curricula were analyzed with respect to gender; completion time of undergraduate studies; institution; time spent for obtaining the doctorate; professional activities; geographical distribution, scientific, and editorial composition; and guidance of undergraduate research, specialization, and master, doctorate and post-doctorate courses. The data showed that 94% of the researchers were women. With regard to professional practice, 73% of the doctors were affiliated to public universities and 84% were located in the southeast region. A total of 1361 papers were produced, at an average of 13.3 articles per researcher, with 25% on the theme of functional health (cognitive, neuromotor, musculoskeletal occupational performance and assistive technology). The PhD researchers in occupational therapy also published 90 books and 488 book chapters. Additionally, 59% of the researchers collaborated as reviewers for scientific periodicals. The results of the analysis will allow the academic community to gain a perspective of the occupational therapy scenario in Brazil, assisting in the establishment of future priorities for improving knowledge and professional practice

ONLINE COURSE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT

    INTRODUCTION: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were defined by the United Nations in the preparation of the 2030 Agenda and represent an attempt at a global effort to poverty eradication, environmental protection, sustainable development and the establishment of decent living conditions. In this context, the link between health and sustainable development stands out, especially when we bring planetary health, significant youth engagement and global health to the fore, it expands health promotion within the reach of all the SDGs. EXPERIENCE REPORT: The I Course on Sustainable Development Goals of International Federation of Medical Students Associations of Brazil (IFMSA Brazil) was developed between October 8 and 10 with the objective of promoting the debate on the SDGs in an integrated manner with the IFMSA Brazil's main discussion themes. The event was restricted to 40 participants for better theoretical-practical interaction and held by the Zoom platform. DISCUSSION: Considering the alarming finding of only 20.5% of the participants with any previous contact with SDGs in the curriculum, the discussion of this topic is very important. This fact is emphasized with the current scenario in Brazil, as recent research shows that the country will hardly reach the Agenda's goals, especially with regard to health, which is the scope of the target audience of the course. Social accountability promoted by medical schools is an important way of promoting SDGs by medical students. CONCLUSION: The event forms showed that the event fulfilled its purpose of presenting the SDGs to the participants and integrating them with practical ideas about its approach, thus enabling these students to promote changes in their local realities with the community.INTRODUCTION: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were defined by the United Nations in the preparation of the 2030 Agenda and represent an attempt at a global effort to poverty eradication, environmental protection, sustainable development and the establishment of decent living conditions. In this context, the link between health and sustainable development stands out, especially when we bring planetary health, significant youth engagement and global health to the fore, it expands health promotion within the reach of all the SDGs. EXPERIENCE REPORT: The I Course on Sustainable Development Goals of International Federation of Medical Students Associations of Brazil (IFMSA Brazil) was developed between October 8 and 10 with the objective of promoting the debate on the SDGs in an integrated manner with the IFMSA Brazil's main discussion themes. The event was restricted to 40 participants for better theoretical-practical interaction and held by the Zoom platform. DISCUSSION: Considering the alarming finding of only 20.5% of the participants with any previous contact with SDGs in the curriculum, the discussion of this topic is very important. This fact is emphasized with the current scenario in Brazil, as recent research shows that the country will hardly reach the Agenda's goals, especially with regard to health, which is the scope of the target audience of the course. Social accountability promoted by medical schools is an important way of promoting SDGs by medical students. CONCLUSION: The event forms showed that the event fulfilled its purpose of presenting the SDGs to the participants and integrating them with practical ideas about its approach, thus enabling these students to promote changes in their local realities with the community

Quantitative Assessment of the Association between Polymorphisms in Osteoprotegerin Gene and Risk of Low Bone Mineral Density

Background: Low bone mineral density (BMD) predisposes to osteoporosis and elevated risk of fractures. Osteoprotegerin is a soluble molecule associated to metabolism of bone tissue with inhibition of osteoclast-differentiation. Several studies determined the relation among polymorphisms in osteoprotegerin gene and low BMD, but the results are contradictory, so an evaluation about these polymorphisms is necessary. This study carried out a meta-analysis to four polymorphisms in osteoprotegerin gene (A163G, G1181C, T950C, T245G).Methods: A search in literature was made to identify studies with relevant information. The data was extracted by two investigators independently, following a standardized form. The statistical software Review Manager version 5.2 was used to calculation of heterogeneity (I²), Odds Ratio (OR) and Funnel plots with P&lt;0.05.Results: Nineteen papers with twenty-one eligible studies with 5,120 patients and 4,386 controls were identified. G allele was associated to case group in A163G, G1181C and T245G polymorphisms (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.10, 1.46, P = 0.0010; OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.14, 1.37, P &lt; 0.00001; OR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.05, 1.48, P = 0.01, respectively). In T950C polymorphism, T allele neither C allele was associated to risk of bone low mineral density. No bias of publication was found in this analysis.Conclusion: This meta-analysis with 5,120 patients with low bone mineral density and 4,386 controls showed significant association among G alleles in A163G, G1181C and T245G polymorphism and increased risk of low BMD, T950C polymorphism was not significantly associated to risk of low bone mineral density

Periodontitis causes abnormalities in the liver of rats

Periodontitis not only causes injury to the periodontium, but also damages other tissues such as: articulate, renal, cardiac, and hepatic. The objective of this study was to investigate periodontitis induced alterations in liver function and structure using an experimental model.Twenty female rats (Rattus norvegicus) were allocated into two groups: control and periodontitis. Gingival bleeding index and oxidative stress parameters and specific circulating biomarkers were measured. Immunohistochemistry was carried out using alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) staining of the liver. Hepatic tissues, cytokines, and lipid contents were measured. Histopathologic evaluation of the liver was carried out using light and electron microscopy.Liver histopathologic and immunohistochemistry assessment showed increase in steatosis score, and presence of binucleate hepatocytes and positive cells for AlkP in periodontitis versus control group. Ultrastructural evaluation showed significant increase in size and number of lipid droplets (LD), distance between the cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), mitochondria size, foamy cytoplasm, and glycogen accumulation in the liver of the periodontitis group compared with the control group. In addition, plasma levels of AlkP, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and total cholesterol were also changed.Experimental periodontitis caused immunohistochemistry, histopathologic, ultrastructural, oxidative, and biochemical changes in the liver of rats.903295305CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal e Nível SuperiorCNPQ - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico455104/2014-0Não te