Suplementação com prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico para juvenis de tambaqui a duas densidades de estocagem

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of prebiotic (mannan oligosaccharides), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis), and synbiotic diet supplementations on juvenile tambaquis (Colossoma macropomum), at two stocking densities, for growth, food utilization, survival, and economic parameters. A total of 192 juveniles (2.4±0.2 g) was distributed in 32 aquaria (20 L), in a completely randomized design, in a 2x4 factorial arrangement, with four replicates, during eight weeks. Tests were performed for 0.35 and 1.05 kg m‑3 stocking density. The supplementation was constituted of: 2 g kg‑1 prebiotic; 2 g kg‑1 probiotic; 2 g kg‑1 prebiotic + 2 g kg‑1 probiotic; and a control. Stocking density had no effect on fish survival, although it decreased economic and growth parameters. Probiotic and synbiotic supplementation increased growth, and improved feed utilization and economic parameters. The control diet showed the lowest economic efficiency index, while the highest index was obtained by diets supplemented with synbiotic. Growth, food utilization, and economic parameters increased with the probiotic and synbiotic supplementation in diets for juvenile tambaquis, although there is no synergistic effect between the evaluated prebiotic and probiotic supplementations.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de rações, com prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo), probiótico (Bacillus subtilis) e simbiótico, em juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), em duas densidades de estocagem, quanto aos parâmetros de crescimento, utilização do alimento, sobrevivência e econômicos. Um total de 192 juvenis (2,4±0,2 g) foi distribuído em 32 aquários (20 L), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x4, com quatro repetições, durante oito semanas. Testaram-se 0,35 e 1,05 kg m‑3 para a densidade de estocagem. A suplementação constituiu-se de: 2 g kg‑1 de prebiótico; 2 g kg‑1 de probiótico; 2 g kg‑1 de prebiótico + 2 g kg‑1 de probiótico; e controle. A densidade de estocagem não influenciou a sobrevivência dos peixes, embora tenha causado a redução dos parâmetros econômicos e de crescimento. A suplementação com probiótico e simbiótico aumentou o crescimento, melhorou a utilização do alimento e os parâmetros econômicos. A ração controle apresentou o menor índice de eficiência econômica, enquanto o maior índice foi obtido pelas rações suplementadas com simbiótico. Os parâmetros de crescimento, utilização do alimento e econômicos aumentaram com a suplementação com probiótico e simbiótico, em rações para juvenis de tambaqui, embora não haja efeito sinergístico entre o prebiótico e o probiótico avaliados

Uso de Eugenol para anestesia de Oreochromis niloticus : Use of Eugenol for anesthesia of Oreochromis niloticus

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o eugenol como anestésico para a tilápia do Nilo nas operações de manejo. Trinta peixes (29,48±5g) foram submetidos a ( T1=50,T2=60 e T3=70mg/L), sendo 10 peixes por tratamento ,onde foram mantidos até o estágio de anestesia profunda, sendo logo recuperados em um aquário contendo água livre de eugenol .O eugenol mostrou- se eficiente em juvenis de tilápia e nas diferentes concentrações, influenciando significativamente na indução dos peixes. O tratamento T1= 50mg/L é o mais recomendado para o manejo, pois apresenta rápida indução e uma longa recuperação, sendo espaço de tempo que se pode realizar procedimento de manejo com o baixo gasto do anestésico

Suplementação com prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico para juvenis de tambaqui e duas densidades de estocagem.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de rações, com prebiótico (mananoligossacarídeo), probiótico (Bacillus subtilis) e simbiótico, em juvenis de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), em duas densidades de estocagem, quanto aos parâmetros de crescimento, utilização do alimento, sobrevivência e econômicos. Um total de 192 juvenis (2,4±0,2g) foi distribuído em 32 aquários (20L), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 2x4, com quatro repetições, durante oito semanas. Testaram-se 0,35 e 1,05kgm-3 para a densidade de estocagem. A suplementação constituiu-se de: 2gkg-1 de prebiótico; 2gkg-1 de probiótico; 2gkg-1 de prebiótico +2gkg-1 de probiótico; e controle. Adensidade de estocagem não influenciou a sobrevivência dos peixes, embora tenha causado a redução dos parâmetros econômicos e de crescimento. A suplementação com probiótico e simbiótico aumentou o crescimento, melhorou a utilização do alimento e os parâmetros econômicos. A ração controle apresentou o menor índice de eficiência econômica, enquanto o maior índice foi obtido pelas rações suplementadas com simbiótico. Os parâmetros de crescimento, utilização do alimento e econômicos aumentaram com a suplementação com probiótico e simbiótico, em rações para juvenis de tambaqui, embora não haja efeito sinergístico entre o prebiótico e o probiótico avaliados.2016Título em inglês: Prebiotic, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation in diets for juvenile tambaquis at two stocking densities

Dietary mannan oligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis in diets for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

 A six week study was conducted to investigate the supplementation of prebiotic (Mannan oligosaccharide – MOS, from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae), probiotic (Bacillus subtilis – BS, C-3102 strain) and their combination in diets for Nile tilapia. 192 fishes (4.03 ± 0.28 g) were distributed into 16 tanks (40-L), in a completely randomized design (n=4). The following treatments were evaluated: control; prebiotic - 2 g MOS kg-1; probiotic - 2 g BS kg-1 and synbiotic - 1 g MOS kg-1 plus 1 g BS kg-1. Fishes fed diets pre-, pro- and synbiotic supplemented performed better in average daily gain, feed conversion rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, carcass yield, total and standard length and body height than those maintained on control diets. The probiotic supplementation resulted in higher villus height and intestinal perimeter ratio than the control diet while the pre- and synbiotic supplementation in diets resulted in higher intestinal perimeter ratio. Carcass protein and ether extract were, respectively, higher and lower in fish fed synbiotic diets than other fish. The results of this study indicated that the mannan oligosaccharide and Bacillus subtilis supplementation, isolated or combined (synbiotic), could improve growth, body index, intestine morphometry and carcass composition in Nile tilapia.

Economic evaluation of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics in juvenile Nile tilapia

This study aimed to evaluate economically the inclusion of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics in diets of Nile tilapia (4.07 ± 0.30 g), at two stocking densities (0.6 and 1.2 kg m-3). A total of 288 fish were distributed over 32 tanks (40 L) in a completely randomised design, in a 2 x 4 factorial (stocking density x additives), with four replications, over six weeks. The following were evaluated: total feed consumption (FC), final biomass (FB), relative gain in biomass (RGB), apparent feed conversion (AFC), survival rate (SUR), average cost of feed per kg of live weight gain (ACF), total cost of feed (TCF), total cost of production (TCP), gross income (GI), operating profit (OP) and economic efficiency index (EEI). No effect was seen the evaluated parameters from the interaction (p>0.05) between stocking density and inclusion of the feed additives. No influence was observed (p>0.05) on SUR from the stocking density, although this significantly influenced the parameters FB, FC, RGB, AFC, ACF, TCF, TCP, GI and OP. There was no significant influence from the inclusion of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics on FC, SUR and TCF, however there was an influence (p<0.05) on the parameters FB, RGB, AFC, ACF, TCP, GI and OP. The control diet at the higher density displayed the worst EEI. The best EEI was obtained by fish at the lower density which received feed with added probiotics and symbiotics. The best indices of economic and zootechnical performance obtained demonstrate the economic viability of including prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics in the diets of Nile tilapia

Duration of co-feeding on the Nishikigoi Cyprinus carpio larvae during weaning from live to inert food in an indoor system

<div><p>ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the co-feeding period (C) on the survival and growth of larvae of nishikigoi Cyprinus carpio, during the weaning period from live to inert food. A total of 1680 larvae with initial weight of 1.33 ± 0.12mg and initial length of 6.0 ± 0.33mm were used. The inert diet used was a commercial ration with 55% crude protein and the live food was the newly hatched nauplii of Artemia franciscana. The experiment was conducted following a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments constituted of: a) LF = supply of live food throughout the experimental period; b) C4 = 6 days of live food + 4 days of co-feeding (inert diet and live food) + 16 days of inert diet; c) C8 = 6 days of live food + 8 days of co-feeding + 12 days of inert diet; d) C12 = 6 days of live food + 12 days of co-feeding + 8 days of inert diet; e) IF = supply with inert diet throughout the experimental period; and f) F = fasting. Our results showed that the co-feeding period influences the survival and growth of the larvae. Survival in the treatment with the longest co-feeding period showed an improvement of over 70% when compared to the shortest period. Further, we noted a doubling of the juvenile weight after 26 days of age. There was a quadratic effect for all parameters, with maximum points ranging between 19.4 and 22.6 days of supply of live food. We concluded that the supply of commercial feed as exclusive food is unworkable in nishikigoi larviculture.</p></div

Efeito do extrato de própolis no desempenho de larvas e transporte de acará bandeira

This study aimed to evaluate the influence propolis extract inclusion to the feed mixture for juvenile angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) on larval performance and transport. Levels of propolis extract inclusion consisted of 0, 300, 600, 900, and 1200 mg.kg-1 of feed. After 14 days of hatching, unmetamorphosed larvae with a total length of 18.4 mm and 0.11 g initial weight were used. Six-hundred larvae were divided into 20 experimental units, totalizing 30 larvae each. Experimental units consisted of polythene containers with independent water input and output and a level controller. Each unit was controlled for maintenance of 40 L water within a recirculation system. After offering feed containing propolis extract, five fish from each experimental unit were packed in bags for transportation only with atmospheric air, without pure oxygen addition. The bags were filled with 300 mL water on a 2:1 basis of air and water respectively. The total transport time was considered until the death of the third fish in package. At the end of the experiment, data underwent statistical analysis through Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2001). Results showed there was no significant difference (P < 0.05) neither for any of the studied zootechnical variables (standard length, total length, height, and weight) nor for the transport of juveniles. In conclusion, propolis extract addition to angelfish feed was ineffective for larval performance and for transportation of juveniles, at the levels tested here.Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da inclusão de extrato de própolis na mistura de ração para juvenis de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare) no desempenho larval e transporte. Os níveis de inclusão de extrato de própolis consistiam em 0, 300, 600, 900 e 1200 mg.kg-1 de alimento. Após 14 dias de incubação, utilizaram-se larvas não metamorfoseadas com um comprimento total de 18,4 mm e 0,11 g de peso inicial. Seiscentas larvas foram divididas em 20 unidades experimentais, totalizando 30 larvas cada. As unidades experimentais consistiram em recipientes de polietileno com entrada e saída independentes de água e um controlador de nível. Cada unidade foi controlada mantendo-se o volume de 40 L de água, compondo um sistema de recirculação. Após a oferta de alimento contendo extrato de própolis, cinco peixes de cada unidade experimental foram acondicionados em sacos para transporte somente com ar atmosférico, sem adição de oxigênio puro. Os sacos foram cheios com 300 ml de água na proporção 2:1 de ar e água, respectivamente. O tempo total de transporte foi considerado até a morte do terceiro peixe na embalagem. No final do experimento, os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística através do Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2001). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significativa (P < 0,05) nem para nenhuma das variáveis zootécnicas estudadas (comprimento padrão, comprimento total, altura e peso) nem para o transporte de juvenis. Em conclusão, a adição de extrato de própolis para a alimentação de acará bandeira foi ineficaz para o desempenho larval e para o transporte de juvenis, nos níveis aqui testados

Desarrolllo Embrionario Del De Pez Angel

The aim of this study was to describe the sequence of the ontogenetic process in Pterophyllum scalare and the time required (hours-degrees) for the development of morphophysiological events. The eggs used for this purpose were obtained from natural breeding angelfish (P. scalare) derived from brood stock. Samples of eggs were arranged on glass slides and observed under an optical microscope for characterization and identification of embryonic stage, the number of cell divisions and appearance of structures in the eggs. These observations were performed every half hour during the embryonic period and then every hour until hatching. P. scalare eggs presented in their entirety lipid droplets. The eggs have adhesive properties and an ovoid yellow coloration when fertilized as opposed to milky white when not fertilized. The standard segmentation observed in embryos of P. scalare was of the meroblástico type, and all stages of ontogeny were verified. Hatching occurred 42.5 h post-fertilization, when the incubation temperature was 28°C. The larva, upon hatching, has anus and mouth closed. The yolk reserve is large in newly hatched larvae. In conclusion, the embryonic development of P. scalare is similar to that observed in other species of the family Ciclidae