Introducción a la tecnología de membranas para la purificación de biogas y algunos desarrollos recientes

The remotion of CO2 from CO2/CH4 mixes to increasing energy content in natural gas or biogas and to prevent corrosion problems, has driven the development of CO2 separation process through membranes.  The attractive features offered by this technology include high energy efficiency, reduced cost and highly flexible performance. This review provides an overview of the reported paper from 2010 to 2020 different types of membranes available: polymeric, inorganic and mixed matrix for CO2/CH4 separation process, experimental conditions and primary determinants of separation performance and efficiency (permeability of CO2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity).  This work would open up a new perspective of each membrane to facilitate a better appreciation of their role in the improvement of overall process performance.La remoción de CO2 en mezclas de CO2/CH4 para aumentar el contenido de energía en gas natural o biogás y prevenir problemas de corrosión, ha impulsado el desarrollo del proceso de separación de CO2 utilizando membranas.  Las características más relevantes que ofrece la tecnología basada en membranas incluyen la alta eficiencia energética, el costo reducido y el rendimiento altamente flexible. Esta revisión  proporciona una descripción de los trabajos reportados desde 2010 hasta 2020 sobre los diferentes tipos de membranas disponibles: poliméricas, inorgánicas y de matriz mixta para el proceso de separación de CO2/CH4;  se reportan las condiciones experimentales y los determinantes primarios del rendimiento y la eficiencia de la separación (permeabilidad de CO2 y selectividad CO2/CH4).  Este trabajo ofrece una nueva perspectiva de cada membrana para facilitar una mejor apreciación de su papel en la mejora del rendimiento general del proceso   The remotion of CO2 from CO2/CH4 mixes to increasing energy content in natural gas or biogas and to prevent corrosion problems, has driven the development of CO2 separation process through membranes.  The attractive features offered by this technology include high energy efficiency, reduced cost and highly flexible performance. This review provides an overview of the reported paper from 2010 to 2020 different types of membranes available: polymeric, inorganic and mixed matrix for CO2/CH4 separation process, experimental conditions and primary determinants of separation performance and efficiency (permeability of CO2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity).  This work would open up a new perspective of each membrane to facilitate a better appreciation of their role in the improvement of overall process performance

Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≥ II, EF ≤35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

Introducción a la tecnología de membranas para la purificación de biogas y algunos desarrollos recientes

La remoción de CO2 en mezclas de CO2/CH4 para aumentar el contenido de energía en gas natural o biogás y prevenir problemas de corrosión, ha impulsado el desarrollo del proceso de separación de CO2 utilizando membranas. Las características más relevantes que ofrece la tecnología basada en membranas incluyen la alta eficiencia energética, el costo reducido y el rendimiento altamente flexible. Esta revisión proporciona una descripción de los trabajos reportados desde 2010 hasta 2020 sobre los diferentes tipos de membranas disponibles: poliméricas, inorgánicas y de matriz mixta para el proceso de separación de CO2/CH4; se reportan las condiciones experimentales y los determinantes primarios del rendimiento y la eficiencia de la separación (permeabilidad de CO2 y selectividad CO2/CH4). Este trabajo ofrece una nueva perspectiva de cada membrana para facilitar una mejor apreciación de su papel en la mejora del rendimiento general del procesoThe remotion of CO2 from CO2/CH4 mixes to increasing energy content in natural gas or biogas and to prevent corrosion problems, has driven the development of CO2 separation process through membranes. The attractive features offered by this technology include high energy efficiency, reduced cost and highly flexible performance. This review provides an overview of the reported paper from 2010 to 2020 different types of membranes available: polymeric, inorganic and mixed matrix for CO2/CH4 separation process, experimental conditions and primary de terminants of separation performance and efficiency (permeability of CO2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity). This work would open up a new perspective of each membrane to facilitate a better appreciation of their role in the improvement of overall process performancehttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/EnProdArticulo/all.do?maxRows=15&articulos_all_tr_=true&articulos_all_p_=2&articulos_all_mr_=150000-0001-8592-5333oscar.arbelaez@[email protected]@[email protected]://scholar.google.com/citations?user=TmMf33gAAAAJ&hl=e

Sobrevida en una cohorte con diagnóstico de tuberculosis en Colombia

7 páginasBackground: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious pathology whose incidence is high in developing countries, however, information and studies that analyze mortality and long-term survival are limited. Methodology: retrospective cohort study, in patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis older than 18 years, admission was consecutive until completing the study period. Survival and mortality were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator by the log Rank test. Results: 329 subjects were admitted, mortality at 30 days was 11.9% and at one year 24.6%, pulmonary tuberculosis was the most frequent type with 70.2%. Physical examination findings related to mortality were cachexia (p<0.001) and extremity edema (p<0.001). Overall survival was 87.2% at 30 days and 72.9% at one year. In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, survival was 85.8% at 30 days and 72.8% at one year. Conclusion: The one-year survival rate in patients hospitalized for tuberculosis is low, advanced age, malnutrition, PaO2/FiO2 less than 300, c-reactive protein greater than 45 mg/dL, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular disease were variables that were associated with higher mortalityIntroducción: La tuberculosis es una patología infecciosa crónica cuya incidencia es elevada en países en vía de desarrollo, sin embargo, es limitada la información y los estudios que analizan la mortalidad y sobrevida a largo plazo. Metodología: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, en pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis mayores de 18 años, el ingreso fue de manera consecutiva hasta completar el periodo de estudio. Se analizó la sobrevida y mortalidad a través del estimador Kaplan – Meier por la prueba de log Rank. Resultados: ingresaron 329 sujetos, la mortalidad a los 30 días fue de 11,9% y al año del 24,6%, la tuberculosis pulmonar fue el tipo más frecuente con en el 70,2%. Los hallazgos al examen físico relacionados con mortalidad fueron la caquexia (p<0,001) y el edema en extremidades (p<0,001). La sobrevida general fue del 87,2% a los 30 días y del 72,9% al año. En los pacientes con tuberculosis pulmonar la sobrevida fue del 85,8% a los 30 días y del 72,8% al año. Conclusión: La tasa de sobrevida a un año en pacientes hospitalizados por tuberculosis es baja, la edad avanzada, desnutrición, PaO2/FiO2 menor de 300, proteína c reactiva mayor de 45 mg/dL, enfermedad cerebrovascular y enfermedad vascular periférica fueron variables que se asociaron con una mayor mortalidad

Revista Temas Agrarios Volumen 26; Suplemento 1 de 2021

1st International and 2nd National Symposium of Agronomic Sciences: The rebirth of the scientific discussion space for the Colombian Agro.1 Simposio Intenacional y 2 Nacional de Ciencias Agronómicas: El renacer del espacio de discusión científica para el Agro colombiano

Cardiac myosin activation with omecamtiv mecarbil in systolic heart failure

BACKGROUND The selective cardiac myosin activator omecamtiv mecarbil has been shown to improve cardiac function in patients with heart failure with a reduced ejection fraction. Its effect on cardiovascular outcomes is unknown. METHODS We randomly assigned 8256 patients (inpatients and outpatients) with symptomatic chronic heart failure and an ejection fraction of 35% or less to receive omecamtiv mecarbil (using pharmacokinetic-guided doses of 25 mg, 37.5 mg, or 50 mg twice daily) or placebo, in addition to standard heart-failure therapy. The primary outcome was a composite of a first heart-failure event (hospitalization or urgent visit for heart failure) or death from cardiovascular causes. RESULTS During a median of 21.8 months, a primary-outcome event occurred in 1523 of 4120 patients (37.0%) in the omecamtiv mecarbil group and in 1607 of 4112 patients (39.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 0.99; P = 0.03). A total of 808 patients (19.6%) and 798 patients (19.4%), respectively, died from cardiovascular causes (hazard ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.11). There was no significant difference between groups in the change from baseline on the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score. At week 24, the change from baseline for the median N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide level was 10% lower in the omecamtiv mecarbil group than in the placebo group; the median cardiac troponin I level was 4 ng per liter higher. The frequency of cardiac ischemic and ventricular arrhythmia events was similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection, those who received omecamtiv mecarbil had a lower incidence of a composite of a heart-failure event or death from cardiovascular causes than those who received placebo. (Funded by Amgen and others; GALACTIC-HF ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02929329; EudraCT number, 2016 -002299-28.)