Learning strategies in Colombian undergraduate and graduate students

Este artículo de investigación expone la importancia de la calidad del aprendizaje docente y analiza las estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes de grado y posgrado en educación.Se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico de 534 estudiantes,a quienes se les aplicaron las escalas Estrategias de Apoyo y Control y Estrategias Relacionadas con el Procesamiento de la Información del cuestionario CEVEAPEU.Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en el uso de estrategias entre estudiantes que inician estudios de grado y quienes finalizan posgrado.En la formación de grado,no hay diferencias significativas en el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje.This research article expounds the importance of the teacher learning quality and analyzes the learning strategies in undergraduate and graduate students of Education programs. A non-probability sampling including 534 students was used. They were applied the scales Support and Control Strategies and Strategies Related to Information Processing from the CEVEAPEU questionnaire, an instrument to assess the learning strategies of university students. The results show significant differences in the use of strategies between the students who start the undergraduate programs and those finishing the graduate programs. Within the graduate students there are no significant differences in the use of learning strategies

Estrategias de aprendizaje de estudiantes colombianos de grado y posgrado

This research article expounds the importance of the teacher learning quality and analyzes the learning strategies in undergraduate and graduate students of Education programs. A non-probability sampling including 534 students was used. They were applied the scales Support and Control Strategies and Strategies Related to Information Processing from the CEVEAPEU questionnaire, an instrument to assess the learning strategies of university students. The results show significant differences in the use of strategies between the students who start the undergraduate programs and those finishing the graduate programs. Within the graduate students there are no significant differences in the use of learning strategies. © 2020 Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. All rights reserved

Diseño de herramientas para la intervención en primera instancia en el duelo materno

El duelo materno es una de las problemáticas menos tratadas dentro del contexto hospitalario en la ciudad de Cartagena; este hecho es fuente de preocupación desde el manejo clínico y profesional que debe hacerse a las madres dolientes. En la mayoría de los institutos, el personal sanitario no responde a las demandas emocionales de estas madres ya que no poseen la formación idónea, ni las herramientas para hacerlo. Es por esta razón que el objetivo de nuestro estudio de investigación va encaminado a manejar en primera instancia el duelo materno. Este tema hace parte de una de las grandes problemáticas de trabajo dentro del área de salud materno infantil en el contexto hospitalario. Lo que lleva al diseño de espacios de ayuda integral para un mejor vivir. Las dos herramientas diseñadas consisten en: primero un manual de autoayuda creado para el trabajo con las madres y la otra herramienta, un taller para los profesionales de la salud. Ahora bien, en este trabajo de investigación hablar de duelo materno hace referencia a la pérdida de un bebe desde el vientre de la madre. Cuando un bebe muere durante el periodo prenatal, junto con él recibimos a una pareja de padres con su autoestima fuertemente herida, en tanto se encuentran abruptamente con una realidad muy diferente a la imaginada, y muy diferente también, a la que la maquinaria social ha venido tejiendo en relación a la maternidad. Es por esto que se hace urgente la intervención para esta población (madres dolientes) y paralelo a esta, la intervención formativa e informativa en todo lo relacionado con el manejo del duelo materno (Equipo humano de enfermería).Anexo 1: Taller de humanización del duelo materno en la práctica médica sesiones 1-2-3-4Incluye bibliografíaAnexo 2: Aportando a la construcción de espacios integrales de ayuda pra mejorar la calidad de vida de las madres dolientesAnexo 3: Manual de autoayuda para intervención en primera instancia en el duelo materno dirigido a madres doliente

The cefazolin inoculum effect is associated with increased mortality in methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus bacteremia

Background. Recent studies have favored the use of cefazolin over nafcillin for the treatment of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. The clinical influence of the cefazolin inoculum effect (CzIE) in the effectiveness of cephalosporins for severe MSSA infections has not been evaluated. Methods. We prospectively included patients from 3 Argentinian hospitals with S. aureus bacteremia. Cefazolin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined at standard (105 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) and high (107 CFU/mL) inoculum. The CzIE was defined as an increase of MIC to ≥16 µg/mL when tested at high inoculum. Whole-genome sequencing was performed in all isolates. Results. A total of 77 patients, contributing 89 MSSA isolates, were included in the study; 42 patients (54.5%) had isolates with the CzIE. In univariate analysis, patients with MSSA exhibiting the CzIE had increased 30-day mortality (P = .034) and were more likely to have catheter-associated or unknown source of bacteremia (P = .033) compared with patients infected with MSSA isolates without the CzIE. No statistically significant difference between the groups was observed in age, clinical illness severity, place of acquisition (community vs hospital), or presence of endocarditis. The CzIE remained associated with increased 30-day mortality in multivariate analysis (risk ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.10-6.42; P = .03). MSSA genomes displayed a high degree of heterogeneity, and the CzIE was not associated with a specific lineage. Conclusions. In patients with MSSA bacteremia where cephalosporins are used as firstline therapy, the CzIE was associated with increased 30-day mortality. Clinicians should be cautious when using cefazolin as firstline therapy for these infections.Fil: Goss, William Miller. University of Texas; Estados UnidosFil: Seas, Carlos. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Carvajal, Lina P.. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Diaz, Lorena. Universidad El Bosque; Colombia. UTHealth McGovern Medical School; Estados UnidosFil: Echeverri, Aura M.. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Ferro, Carolina. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Rios, Rafael. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Porras, Paola. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Luna, Carlos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de Clínicas General San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Gotuzzo, Eduardo. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Munita, Jose M.. Universidad del Desarrollo. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana; ChileFil: Nannini, Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Instituto de Inmunología Clinica y Experimental de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Carcamo, Cesar. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerúFil: Reyes, Jinnethe. Universidad El Bosque; ColombiaFil: Arias, Cesar A.. University of Texas; Estados Unido

SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in blood products from patients with COVID-19 is not associated with infectious virus

Background: Laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection (the cause of COVID-19) uses PCR to detect viral RNA (vRNA) in respiratory samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA has also been detected in other sample types, but there is limited understanding of the clinical or laboratory significance of its detection in blood. Methods: We undertook a systematic literature review to assimilate the evidence for the frequency of vRNA in blood, and to identify associated clinical characteristics. We performed RT-PCR in serum samples from a UK clinical cohort of acute and convalescent COVID-19 cases (n=212), together with convalescent plasma samples collected by NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) (n=462 additional samples). To determine whether PCR-positive blood samples could pose an infection risk, we attempted virus isolation from a subset of RNA-positive samples. Results: We identified 28 relevant studies, reporting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 0-76% of blood samples; pooled estimate 10% (95%CI 5-18%). Among serum samples from our clinical cohort, 27/212 (12.7%) had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by RT-PCR. RNA detection occurred in samples up to day 20 post symptom onset, and was associated with more severe disease (multivariable odds ratio 7.5). Across all samples collected ≥28 days post symptom onset, 0/494 (0%, 95%CI 0-0.7%) had vRNA detected. Among our PCR-positive samples, cycle threshold (ct) values were high (range 33.5-44.8), suggesting low vRNA copy numbers. PCR-positive sera inoculated into cell culture did not produce any cytopathic effect or yield an increase in detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Conclusions: vRNA was detectable at low viral loads in a minority of serum samples collected in acute infection, but was not associated with infectious SARS-CoV-2 (within the limitations of the assays used). This work helps to inform biosafety precautions for handling blood products from patients with current or previous COVID-19

T cell assays differentiate clinical and subclinical SARS-CoV-2 infections from cross-reactive antiviral responses

Identification of protective T cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 requires distinguishing people infected with SARS-CoV-2 from those with cross-reactive immunity to other coronaviruses. Here we show a range of T cell assays that differentially capture immune function to characterise SARS-CoV-2 responses. Strong ex vivo ELISpot and proliferation responses to multiple antigens (including M, NP and ORF3) are found in 168 PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infected volunteers, but are rare in 119 uninfected volunteers. Highly exposed seronegative healthcare workers with recent COVID-19-compatible illness show T cell response patterns characteristic of infection. By contrast, >90% of convalescent or unexposed people show proliferation and cellular lactate responses to spike subunits S1/S2, indicating pre-existing cross-reactive T cell populations. The detection of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 is therefore critically dependent on assay and antigen selection. Memory responses to specific non-spike proteins provide a method to distinguish recent infection from pre-existing immunity in exposed populations

A blood atlas of COVID-19 defines hallmarks of disease severity and specificity.

Treatment of severe COVID-19 is currently limited by clinical heterogeneity and incomplete description of specific immune biomarkers. We present here a comprehensive multi-omic blood atlas for patients with varying COVID-19 severity in an integrated comparison with influenza and sepsis patients versus healthy volunteers. We identify immune signatures and correlates of host response. Hallmarks of disease severity involved cells, their inflammatory mediators and networks, including progenitor cells and specific myeloid and lymphocyte subsets, features of the immune repertoire, acute phase response, metabolism, and coagulation. Persisting immune activation involving AP-1/p38MAPK was a specific feature of COVID-19. The plasma proteome enabled sub-phenotyping into patient clusters, predictive of severity and outcome. Systems-based integrative analyses including tensor and matrix decomposition of all modalities revealed feature groupings linked with severity and specificity compared to influenza and sepsis. Our approach and blood atlas will support future drug development, clinical trial design, and personalized medicine approaches for COVID-19

Melasma en trabajadores de Maquilas Textiles en el periodo marzo - septiembre 2009

Tesis (Dr. Médico y Cirujano)-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, LeónUNAN-Leó

Competência motora real e percebida num contexto rural de acordo com o género e a participação desportiva extracurricular

La presente investigación tiene como propósito determinar si existen diferencias en la competencia motriz real y percibida en escolares de contexto rural, en función del sexo y de la participación en actividades deportivas extraescolares; así como determinar la existencia de relaciones entre competencia motriz real, competencia motriz percibida, participación en actividades deportivas extraescolares y tipo de actividad deportiva. Participaron 120 estudiantes de enseñanza primaria (60.0% niñas, edad M=11.05 DE=1.05 años) de la comuna de Perquenco de la Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Se utilizó el Test MOBAK para la evaluación de la competencia motriz real y el Cuestionario SEMOK para la evaluación de la competencia motriz percibida. Los niños presentaron mejores resultados que las niñas en el control de objetos de la competencia motriz real, diferenciándose significativamente (p<.001; PSest=.69); mientras que en la competencia motriz percibida no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos. Los estudiantes que participan en actividades deportivas extraescolares presentan mayores valores en la competencia motriz real (control de objetos: p<.001; PSest=.27; control del cuerpo: p<.001; PSest=.23) y percibida (control de objetos: p=.005; PSest=.35; control del cuerpo: p<.001; PSest=.31), diferenciándose significativamente de los que no participan. Se encontraron relaciones significativas entre la competencia motriz real, percibida y participación en actividades deportivas. El tipo de actividad deportiva extraescolar se asoció sólo con la competencia motriz real, en donde los deportes colectivos se relacionan con el control de objetos (r=.378) y losdeportes individuales con el control del cuerpo (r=-.350). Los resultados sugieren que el sexo y las actividades deportivas extraescolares cumplen un rol relevante en la competencia motriz de los estudiantes rurales.The purpose of this study is to determine if there are differences in actual and perceived motor competence in rural schoolchildren, according to gender and participation in extracurricular sports; and if there is a relationship between actual motor competence, perceived motor competence, participation in extracurricular sports activities and the type of sports. A total of 120 primary school students (60.0% girls, age M=11.05 SD=1.05 years) from the commune of Perquenco in the La Araucanía Region, Chile, participated. The MOBAK Test was used for the assessment of actual motor competence and the SEMOK Questionnaire for the assessment of perceived motor competence. Boys performed better than girls in the object control of actual motor competence, with a significant difference (p<.001; PSest=.69); while no significant differences were found in perceived motor competence according to gender. Students who participate in extracurricularsports show higher values in actual (object control: p<.001; PSest=.27; self-movement: p<.001; PSest=.23) and perceived motor competence (object control: p=.005; PSest=.35; self-movement: p<.001; PSest=.31), with significant differences compared to those who do not participate in any extracurricular sports activity. Significant relationships were found between actual and perceived motor competence and participation in sports. The type of extracurricular sports was only associated with actual motor competence, where group sports were related to the object control (r=.378) and individual sports to the self-movement (r=-.350). The results suggest that gender and extracurricular sports play a relevant role in the motor competence of students from rural areas.A presente investigação, a fim de determinar se existem diferenças na competência motora real e percebida em crianças das zonas rurais, de acordo como género e a participação em actividades desportivas extracurriculares; bem como para determinar a existência de relações entre competência motora real, competência motora percebida, participação em actividades desportivas extracurriculares e tipo de actividade desportiva. Um total de 120 estudantes do ensino primario (60.0% raparigas, idade M=11.05 SD=1.05 anos) da comunidade de Perquenco na região de La Araucanía, Chile, participaram no estudo. O teste MOBAK foi utilizado para a avaliação da competência motora real e o questionário SEMOK para a avaliação da competência motora percebida. Os rapazes apresentaram melhores resultados do que as raparigas no control de objectos da competência motora real, diferindo significativamente (p<.001; PSest=.69); enquanto na percepção da competência motora não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre ambos os sexos. Os estudantes que participam em actividades desportivas extracurriculares apresentam valores mais elevados na competência motora real (control do objecto: p<.001; PSest=.27; control do corpo: p<.001; PSest=.23) e percebida (control do objecto: p=.005; PSest=.35; control do corpo: p<.001; PSest=.31), diferindo significativamente dos que não participam. Foram encontradas relaçõessignificativas entre a competência motora real e percebida e a participação em actividades desportivas. O tipo de actividade desportiva extracurricular foi associado apenas à competência motora real, onde os desportos colectivos estão relacionados com control do objecto (r=.378) e os desportos individuais com control do corpo (r=-.350). Os resultados sugerem que o género e as actividades desportivas extracurriculares desempenham um papel relevante na competência motora dos estudantes rurais

Evaluating Food Metrics of Lanternfishes in Waters of the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

Using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values, we analyzed the trophic position (TP) and the isotopic niche width of lanternfishes from three different areas in the Southern Pacific Ocean. Fishes from Perú had slightly higher δ13C values compared with fish from Chilean areas. In contrast, δ15N values increased with latitude (North to South). Myctophids TP differed between the three study areas (highest in Central Chile, lowest in Peru). Peruvian fishes had a smaller isotopic niche than the lanternfishes of those from Chile