Agroclimatic zoning for winemaking grape production in the State of Paraná.

Paraná is the fourth largest grape producing state in Brazil and the cultivation of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars for winemaking is expanding is several regions of the state. The objective of this work was to characterize the potential of wine grape production based on the Géoviticulture Multicriteria Climatic Classification System for Paraná. A 30-year database constituted of 21 IAPAR (Agronomic Institute of Paraná) meteorological stations and 455 rainfall stations from Instituto das Águas do Paraná (Paraná State Water Institute) generated the following climatic indexes: dryness index (DI), heliothermal index (HI) and cool night index (CI) for the periods of October to March and April to September. According to the results, the viticultural climate of some regions in the state of Paraná belongs to the climatic groups where are found several traditional wine-producing regions in the world, showing potential for the expansion of winemaking in the state. Viticultural climate, associated with latitude in Paraná and with thermal conditions for vine growing cycle all over the year, make production displacement possible in the West, North and Northeastern regions and the production of the best quality grapes for winemaking in the fall and winter period, due to the most favorable cold night index and the lowest rainfall volume. In the coldest regions of the state (Center, South and East), it is only possible to have one production cycle, since the risk of frosts prevents the exploration of grapes in different periods

Monitoramento e distribuição de ocorrência de Thaumastocoris peregrinus no Estado do Paraná.

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Distribution of Relaxation Times Based on Lasso Regression: A Tool for High-Resolution Analysis of IMPS Data in Photoelectrochemical Systems

Intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS) has been largely employed in semiconductor characterization for solar energy conversion devices to probe the operando behavior with widely available facilities. However, the implementation of IMPS data analysis to complex structures, whether based on the physical rate constant model (RCM) or the assumption-free distribution of relaxation times (DRT), is generally limited to a semi-quantitative description of the charge carrier kinetics of the system. In this study, a new algorithm for the analysis of IMPS data is developed, providing unprecedented time resolution to the investigation of μs to s charge carrier dynamics in semiconductor-based systems used in photoelectrochemistry and photovoltaics. The algorithm, based on the previously developed DRT analysis, is herein modified with a Lasso regression method and available to the reader free of charge. A validation of this new algorithm is performed on a α-Fe2O3 photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting, identified as a standard platform in the field, highlighting multiple potential-dependent charge transfer paths, otherwise hidden in the conventional IMPS data analysis

Photoelectrochemical Valorization of Biomass Derivatives with Hematite Photoanodes Modified by Cocatalysts

The solar-driven oxidation of biomass to valuable chemicals is rising as a promising anodic reaction in photoelectrochemical cells, replacing the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction and improving the added value of the energy conversion process. Herein, the photooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) is performed in basic aqueous environment (borate buffer, pH 9.2), with the addition of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) as redox mediator. Because of its good stability, cost-effectiveness, and nontoxicity, titanium-modified hematite (Ti:Fe2O3) photoanodes are investigated to this aim, and their performance is tuned by engineering the semiconductor surface with a thin layer of Co-based cocatalysts, i.e., cobalt iron oxide (CoFeO x ) and cobalt phosphate (CoPi). Interestingly, the electrode modified with CoPi shows improved efficiency and selectivity toward the final product FDCA The source of this enhancement is correlated to the effect of the cocatalyst on the charge carrier dynamics, which is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intensity-modulated photocurrent spectroscopy analysis. In addition, the results of the latter are interpreted through a novel approach called Lasso distribution of relaxation time, revealing that CoPi cocatalyst is effective in the suppression of the recombination processes and in the enhancement of direct hole transfer to TEMPO

Indicadores biofísicos de sistemas agroflorestais.

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Avaliação agronômica de uma coleção de germoplasma de cafeeiros no Estado do Paraná

During the period from 1977 to 1982 a trial was carried out in Jacarezinho, PR, Brazil, with 18 introductions of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) to assess the yield potential, plant architectural features, fruit maturity, bean characteristics and reaction to leaf rust and leaf miner. Results were compared with those of cultivar Catuaí-Amarelo which is extensively planted in Brazil and lcatu. Differences in yield and other traits among plants were significant. Nine introductions showed similar yield when compared with Catuaí-Amarelo (4,629 kg/ha). Four have shown dwarf habit, and fourteen presented early fruit maturing characteristic. All introductions were susceptible to coffee rust, produced high percentage of flat beans and low percentage to shell-beans. The introduction T-974 was lesser attacked by leaf miner.Durante o período de 1977 a 1982 conduziu-se um experimento em Jacarezinho, Paraná, com 18 introduções de café (Coffea arabica L.), com o objetivo de avaliar o rendimento de produção, arquitetura das plantas, maturação, características da semente, e o comportamento das plantas quanto à reação à ferrugem-alaranjada e ao bicho-mineiro. Os resultados foram comparados com o da cultivar Catuaí-Amarelo que é extensivamente cultivada no Brasil e Icatu. Houve diferenças significativas em produção e em outras variáveis, entre as plantas. Após quatro colheitas consecutivas, nove introduções produziram café beneficiado similar ao da cultivar Catuaí-Amarelo (4.629 kg/ha). Quatro caracterizam-se pelo porte baixo, e quatorze, pela maturação precoce dos frutos. Todas as introduções foram suscetíveis à ferrugem e apresentaram altas percentagens de semente tipo chato e baixa percentagem de semente tipo concha. A introdução T-974 foi menos atacada pelo bicho-mineiro

Regiões com potencial para plantio comercial do pinhão-manso no Brasil.

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Degree of control of physician-diagnosed asthma and COPD in Italy.

Background. It is important for the Italian National Health Service to obtain data on the degree of control of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the general population in Italy in order for balanced planning of future investments in these diseases to be made. Currently, precise estimates of these parameters are not available in literature. Objectives. In collaboration with the Italian Academy of General Practitioners (SIMG; www.simg.it) we have investigated the degree of control of physician-diagnosed asthma and COPD in Italy. Methods. A standardised questionnaire on asthma and COPD has been self-administered to a sample of 1937 Italian family physicians (representing around 5% of all the Italian doctors involved in general practice) chosen to cover all the Italian counties. Results. We have collected questionnaire data from 19,917 patients with asthma and COPD followed in their practice and 12,438 (62.4%) were correctly filled in enabling evaluation. We selected the number of emergency room visits, hospitalisations and intensive care unit admissions for asthma and COPD in the last 12 months as objective measures of the degree of asthma and COPD morbidity in these patients. The figures were respectively 12.4% (emergency room visits), 17.3% (hospitalisations) and 1.2% (intensive care unit admissions) of all patients with physician-diagnosed asthma and COPD. Conclusions. This data suggests that in Italy the morbidity of asthma and COPD remains high; representing a significant burden for the Italian National Health Service. There is a clear necessity for further studies to investigate the causes of this incomplete control