Replacement Reserve for the Italian Power System and Electricity Market

Over the last years, power systems around the globe experienced deep changes in their operation, mainly induced by the widespread of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IRES). These changes involved a review of market and operational rules, in the direction of a stronger integration. At European level, this integration is in progress, driven by the new European guidelines and network codes, which deal with multiple issues, from market design to operational security. In this framework, the project TERRE (Trans European Replacement Reserve Exchange) is aimed at the realization of a European central platform, called LIBRA, for the exchange of balancing resources and, in particular, for the activation of the procured Replacement Reserve (RR) resources. The Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO), TERNA, is a participant of the project and it is testing new methodologies for the sizing of RR and its required activation throughout the TERRE process. The aim of the new methodologies is to find areas of potential improvement in the sizing of RR requirements and activation, which open up the possibility for a reduction of the procurement cost, without endangering the security of the power system. This paper describes a new RR sizing methodology, proposed by TERNA, which is based on a persistence method, showing its results on real data and highlighting key advantages and potential limitations of this approach. In order to overcome these limitations, a literature review on alternative approaches has been carried out, identifying nowcasting techniques as a relevant alternative for the very short term forecast horizon. These one could be further investigated and tested in the future, using the proposed persistence method as a benchmark

Model-Based Identification of Alternative Bidding Zones: Applications of Clustering Algorithms with Topology Constraints

The definition of bidding zones is a relevant question for electricity markets. The bidding zones can be identified starting from information on the nodal prices and network topology, considering the operational conditions that may lead to congestion of the transmission lines. A well-designed bidding zone configuration is a key milestone for an efficient market design and a secure power system operation, being the basis for capacity allocation and congestion management processes, as acknowledged in the relevant European regulation. Alternative bidding zone configurations can be identified in a process assisted by the application of clustering methods, which use a predefined set of features, objectives and constraints to determine the partitioning of the network nodes into groups. These groups are then analysed and validated to become candidate bidding zones. The content of the manuscript can be summarized as follows: (1) A novel probabilistic multi-scenario methodology was adopted. The approach needs the analysis of features that are computed considering a set of scenarios defined from solutions in normal operation and in planned maintenance cases. The weights of the scenarios are indicated by TSOs on the basis of the expected frequency of occurrence; (2) The relevant features considered are the Locational Marginal Prices (LMPs) and the Power Transfer Distribution Factors (PTDFs); (3) An innovative computation procedure based on clustering algorithms was developed to group nodes of the transmission electrical network into bidding zones considering topological constraints. Several settings and clustering algorithms were tested in order to evaluate the robustness of the identified solution

A Review on Unit Commitment Algorithms for the Italian Electricity Market

This paper focuses on the state-of-the-art of unit commitment (UC) and economic dispatch (ED) algorithms suitable for the Italian electricity market. In view of the spread of renewable energy systems (RES), the desired UC algorithm should be able to properly consider the uncertainty affecting key input variables into the formulation of the problem, as well as the different capabilities of dispatched power plants to provide ancillary services (e.g., voltage regulation). The goal of this paper is to resume the developments in UC and ED algorithms which occurred in the last decades, having a particular focus on alternating current (AC) security constrained (SC) approaches and stochastic ones, highlighting the advantages and weakness of each technique. This review is useful for the Italian TSO (Terna) to investigate what is the best solution to formulate a new algorithm to be potentially adopted in the framework of the Italian Ancillary Service Market, striving for an explicit modelization of stochastic variables and voltage constraints. This review is also useful to all system operators (SOs), independently to the market environment in which they operate, because UC algorithms are widely adopted to ensure real-time security of power systems. In conclusion, an SC-UC algorithm which takes into account both stochastic variables and AC formulation does not exist

Review of wind generation within adequacy calculations and capacity markets for different power systems

The integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power, in the adequacy assessment of electricity generation capacity becomes increasingly important as renewable energy generation increases in volume and replaces conventional power plants. The contribution of wind power to cover the electricity demand is less certain than conventional power sources; therefore, the capacity value of wind power is smaller than that of conventional plants. This article presents an overview of the adequacy challenge, how wind power is handled in the regulation of capacity adequacy, and how wind power is treated in a selection of jurisdictions. The jurisdictions included in the overview are Sweden, Great Britain, France, Ireland, United States (PJM and ERCOT), Finland, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands

Review of wind generation within adequacy calculations and capacity markets for different power systems

ABSTRACT: The integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power, in the adequacy assessment of electricity generation capacity becomes increasingly important as renewable energy generation increases in volume and replaces conventional power plants. The contribution of wind power to cover the electricity demand is less certain than conventional power sources; therefore, the capacity value of wind power is smaller than that of conventional plants. This article presents an overview of the adequacy challenge, how wind power is handled in the regulation of capacity adequacy, and how wind power is treated in a selection of jurisdictions. The jurisdictions included in the overview are Sweden, Great Britain, France, Ireland, United States (PJM and ERCOT), Finland, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Review of wind generation within adequacy calculations and capacity markets for different power systems

The integration of renewable energy sources, including wind power, in the adequacy assessment of electricity generation capacity becomes increasingly important as renewable energy generation increases in volume and replaces conventional power plants. The contribution of wind power to cover the electricity demand is less certain than conventional power sources; therefore, the capacity value of wind power is smaller than that of conventional plants. This article presents an overview of the adequacy challenge, how wind power is handled in the regulation of capacity adequacy, and how wind power is treated in a selection of jurisdictions. The jurisdictions included in the overview are Sweden, Great Britain, France, Ireland, United States (PJM and ERCOT), Finland, Portugal, Spain, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Italy and the Netherlands.keywords: Adequacy, Capacity credit, Capacity markets, Market integration, Power system, Wind powerstatus: publishe