Genotypic characterization of toxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhea (PWD) and edema disease (ED)

El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar mediante PCR 47 aislamientos de Escherichia coli recuperados de 32 cerdos con diagnóstico clínico de diarrea posdestete (DPD) y de 3 cerdos con enfermedad de los edemas (ED). Sobre 44 aislamientos provenientes de cerdos con DPD, 42 (95,5 %) fueron caracterizados como E. coli enterotoxigénicos (ETEC) y 2 (4,5 %) como E. coli productores de toxina Shiga (STEC). Catorce aislamientos de ETEC (33,3 %) fueron positivos para los genes estI/estII/fedA. El genotipo más complejo fue eltA/estII/east1/faeG/aidA. Los aislamientos provenientes de cerdos con ED se clasificaron como STEC porcinos y fueron portadores de stx2e aidA. Once aislamientos (25 %) fueron portadores del gen que codifica la expresión de la adhesina AIDA-I. Sin embargo, en ningún aislamiento se detectaron los genes que codifican la expresión de las adhesinas F5, F6, F41, de intimina y de PAA. La prevención de la DPD y de la ED podría realizarse mediante el desarrollo de vacunas que generen anticuerpos contra las adhesinas de las cepas de E. coli prevalentes en Argentina.The purpose of this work was to characterize 47 Escherichia coli strains isolated from 32 pigs diagnosed with postweaning diarrhea and tree pigs with edema disease by PCR. Forty two (95.5 %) of the strains isolated from diarrheic pigs were characterized as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 2 (4.5 %) as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). Fourteen (33.3 %) ETEC strains were positive for est/estII/fedA genes. The most complex genotype was eltA/estI/faeG/aidA. Strains isolated from pigs with ED were classified as porcine STEC and were stx2e/aidA carriers. Eleven (25 %) strains carried the gene encoding adhesin protein AIDA-I. However, genes coding for F5, F6, F41, intimin and Paa were not detected. The development of vaccines generating antibodies against prevalent E. coli adhesins in Argentina could be useful for the prevention of PWD and ED.Fil: Moredo, Fabiana Alicia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Cappuccio, Javier Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Insarralde, Lucas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Perfumo, Carlos Juan. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, María A.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Leotta, Gerardo Anibal. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; Argentin

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus in fetal tissues from sows without reproductive failure in Argentina

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of many pathogens responsible for reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Several studies have reported the appearance of new PPV strains that differ from previous isolates both genetically and antigenically. Thus, the protective effects of commercially inactivated vaccines could not be complete. In South America, the information about PPV is limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to detect and characterize the PPV strains present in 131 mummies or stillbirths from normal deliveries in sows from a commercial swine farm of Argentina that uses the commercial vaccine. PCR results showed that 17/131 were positive to PPV. Ten of these viruses were isolated and sequenced. All viruses were related to the PPV1 sequence (NADL-2), maintaining the amino acid differences in positions 436 (S–P) and 565 (R–K). This study is the first to report the isolation of PPV in Argentina and the results suggest that PPV can cross the placenta even in vaccinated sows, thus affecting some of the fetuses and being able to cause fetal death in sows without reproductive failure. The results also suggest that vaccination only reduces clinical signs and reproductive disorders and may thus not be a perfect tool to manage PPV infection. This study provides information that needs to be studied in depth to improve strategies to prevent and control PPV infection in swine farms.Fil: Serena, Maria Soledad. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cappuccio, Javier Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cordoba. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez. Agencia de Extension Rural Rio Cuarto.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Metz, German Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aspitia, Carolina Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Dibárbora, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Cordoba. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez. Agencia de Extension Rural Rio Cuarto.; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, M. Gallo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein". Fundación Pablo Cassará. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein"; ArgentinaFil: Echeverría, M. G.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Characterization and comparison of strains of Pasteurella multocida associated with cases of progressive atrophic rhinitis and porcine pneumonia in Argentina

Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is the causative agent of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) and pneumonicpasteurellosis (PN) in pigs. Pm is a member of the porcine respiratory complex responsible for important economic loss inthe pig industry. This study aimed to characterize the Pm strains recovered from clinical cases of PN and PAR and to elucidate theantibiotic susceptibility profiles of the strains.Materials and Methods: Sixty strains were characterized molecularly by polymerase chain reaction to determine speciesspecific gene, capsular type (A or D), and toxin A production. The agar diffusion method was employed to evaluate antibioticresistance profiles. We found that 65% of strains belonged to capsular type A or D, and 15% of those were positive to toxA gene.The antibiotic susceptibility profiles found were sensitive in decreasing order to: Enrofloxacin, ceftiofur (CTF), ampicillin,tilmicosin (TIL), florfenicol (FFN), spectinomycin (SPC), gentamicin, oxytetracycline (OTC), and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole (TMS). Strains were resistant in decreasing order to: Lincomycin (LIN), tylosin (TYL), erythromycin(ERY), TMS, SPC, OTC, FFN, TIL, and CTF. The toxA gene was detected in many Pm isolates from pneumonic lungs. Capsule type A or D was the mostfrequently found among the collected isolates. LIN, TYL, and ERY are the drugs which showed higher percentages of resistant isolates.Fil: Bessone, Fernando Anibal. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Soriano Pérez, María Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zielinski, Gustavo Carlos. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Dibárbora, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Conde, María Belén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Cappuccio, Javier Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alustiza, Fabrisio Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Caracterización de la producción porcina familiar en los partidos de Gral Belgrano, Magdalena y Cañuelas: fortalecimiento de la producción porcina familiar

La Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de la Plata (UNLP) participa activamente en procesos locales de desarrollo territorial en diferentes áreas con instituciones locales. A partir de estos proyectos se revela la importancia de la producción porcina en los productores familiares y surge, por parte de los alumnos y docentes la facultad y de la Facultad Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales UNLP y las instituciones locales, la necesidad de intervenir y participar en este sector productivo, tradicionalmente relegado, de gran importancia en nuestro país (Campagna, 2005). El objetivo es contribuir al fortalecimiento de la producción sustentable, a través de la caracterización de la producción porcina familiar en los partidos de General Belgrano, Cañuelas y Magdalena para una posterior implementación de actividades para mejorarla.Eje: Educación y formación para el desarrollo ruralUniversidad Nacional de La Plat

Characterization of new strains of Pseudorabies virus in Argentina: Detection of interspecies transmission

Background: Aujeszky's disease is mainly a swine disease, still endemic worldwide. It can infect other mammalians, including human beings, and it is usually fatal with nervous symptoms. Ever since the disease was detected in 1988 in Argentina, many outbreaks have been reported involving both feral swine and dogs. Aim: At present, in Argentina, Pseudorabies virus (PRV) cases are sporadically reported; however, clinical cases are informed. This study aims to obtain information about the seroprevalence of PRV in wild boars and to isolate and characterize PRV from clinical samples. Methods: From 2018 to 2019, 78 wild boars’ serum samples from Bahía de Samborombón natural reserve were analyzed for antibodies to PRV using a virus neutralization test. Clinical samples from 17 pigs, 2 wild boars, 1 dog, and 1 cat were collected from 2013 to 2019 for viral isolation and detection of the presence of the gD gene by PCR. For sequence analysis, the gC partial gene was amplified. Results: Five strains were isolated from the dog, cat, and swine samples. The new PRV strains identified were confirmed by BLAST analysis, which revealed between 99.74% and 100% of similarity to the NIA-3 strain and phylogenetic analysis of the partial gene encoding the gC protein revealed that the PRV strains have divided into two main clades, clade 1 and clade 2. Conclusion: This report informed that most new cases of PRV were detected in the central regions of Argentina, where pig production is concentrated. The study in Bahía de Samborombón revealed a high percentage of detection but, the sampling is not representative of that of the rest of the country. Therefore, a systematic sampling effort of wild boar throughout the country should be included in the national program control. Although in Argentina only the inactivated Bartha vaccine is allowed, recombination risk should not be ignored if attenuated vaccines are incorporated into the National control plan. The two strains, one from the cat and one from the dog sample, are directly related to infected swine. The information about clinical cases and molecular characterization of new strains is important for a better understanding of the dynamics of PRV and to promote preventive measures.Fil: Serena, Maria Soledad. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cappuccio, Javier Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fossaroli, Melisa Gisele. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Williman, Macarena Marta. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Dibárbora, Marina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; ArgentinaFil: Brizzio, Renata. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Metz, German Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aspitia, Carolina Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Pérez, Alejandro. Ministerio de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Alimento. Servicio Nacional de Sanidad y Calidad Agroalimentaria; ArgentinaFil: Carpinetti, Bruno Nicolás. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche. Instituto Ciencias Sociales y Administracion; ArgentinaFil: Echeverria, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentin

Molecular characterization of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> spp. from domestic pigs in Argentina

Cryptosporidiosis in pigs is caused by different Cryptosporidium species or genotypes, with C. suis and C. scrofarum considered porcine specific species. There is scarce information on Cryptosporidium infection in pigs in South America. A total of 520 individual faecal samples were obtained from 1, 2, 3 and 4 week old piglets (n = 130 from each age group), from 13 Argentinean intensive pig farms. The diagnosis of species of Cryptosporidium combined microscopy and molecular techniques. Genotyping from samples with Cryptosporidium oocysts at microscopy was performed by genus-specific and species-specific nested PCR targeting 18S rRNA gene fragments, and sequencing. Microscopic analysis detected Cryptosporidium oocysts in 47/520 (9%) faecal samples from 11/13 (85%) farms, with farm infection rates between 0 and 17.5%. Presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts was associated with diarrhea. The proportion of microscopically positive samples was not associated with piglet age. A total of 15/47 (32% of samples with oocyst compatible structures) were positive by genus and species-specific nested PCR. Species-specific PCR and sequencing showed presence of C. suis, C. scrofarum, and both species in 3, 8 and 4 samples, respectively. The proportion of positive samples on each specific PCR was similar between age groups, being C. suis proportion slightly higher in 4 week old piglets. The use of molecular tools allowed the confirmation of C. suis and C. scrofarum infection in Argentinean pigs. Cryptosporidiosis was widely distributed in the main pig husbandry area from Argentina, with a low to moderate intra farm infection rate.Laboratorio de InmunoparasitologíaConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasInstituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuari

Comparison between inmunohistochemestry and PCR for porcine circo virus type 2 detection in linfonodes

El síndrome multisistémico de adelgazamiento postdestete (SMAP) se caracteriza clínicamente por adelgazamiento progresivo, linfoadenomegalia, diarrea, disnea, palidez cutánea e ictericia. La presencia de circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV-2) es uno de los factores determinantes para la presentación de SMAP. Las lesiones macroscópicas son agrandamiento de linfonódulos, focos blancos en riñón, hepatomegalia, ulcera gástrica, consolidación pulmonar con edema interlobulillar. Las lesiones microscópicas características son depleción en tejido linfoide e infiltración granulomatosa, nefritis intersticial y neumonía.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome: light microscopic classification criteria for glomerular lesions

El síndrome de dermatitis y nefropatía porcina (SDNP) es una enfermedad emergente de los cerdos, caracterizada por una vasculitis sistémica que origina el desarrollo de lesiones en piel y riñones. Su etiología no es conocida, pero las lesiones microscópicas, la presencia de inmunoglobulinas y de factores del complemento sugieren, como mecanismo patogénico, una respuesta de hipersensibilidad tipo III. Las lesiones microscópicas características del SDNP en la corteza renal son glomérulos aumentados de tamaño, con el espacio de Bowman distendido por fibrina, células inflamatorias y eritrocitos (glomerulitis necrotizante fibrinosa).Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

First detection and genetic characterization of porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) in Argentina and its association with reproductive failure

Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is considered a new circovirus and since it first description has been widely reported in most of the swine-producing countries. Multisystemic inflammation and reproductive failure are consistent and concerning issues associated with PCV3 infection. This report describes the clinical and pathological features of a chronic reproductive disorder in a swine herd in Argentina associated with the presence of PCV3. Mummified (n = 42) and stillborn piglets (n = 20) from a case of chronic reproductive disorder (Study A) and mummified and stillborn piglets (n = 141) from normal deliveries (Study B) were retrospectively assessed for the presence of multiple reproductive pathogens (PCV3, PCV2, ADV, PPV, Leptospira spp. and Brucella spp). On study, A PCV3 and PPV were detected in 15 and 8 pools, respectively, with a coinfection rate of 100% in all PPV-positive cases. Three out of 131 foetuses from three different sows from Study B were positive only for PCV3. Histological evaluation of hearts from stillborn also showed lesions similar to those previously described in the literature for PCV3-reproductive disease. Partial genome of PCV3 was amplified and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains of Study A and B clustered within the PCV3a and PCV3b clades, respectively. This study demonstrates, for the first time, the PCV3 has been circulating in Argentina at least since 2016 and its potential role in reproductive disorders. Further studies are warranted to determine the role of PCV3 in the reproductive disease complex and its prevalence in the swine industry in Argentina.Fil: Serena, Maria Soledad. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cappuccio, Javier Alejandro. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Córdoba. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Barrales, Hernán. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Metz, German Ernesto. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aspitia, Carolina Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Patología. Cátedra de Patología Especial Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Lozada, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Perfumo, Carlos Juan. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Patología. Cátedra de Patología Especial Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, María Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Patología. Cátedra de Patología Especial Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Piñeyro Piñeiro, Pablo Enrique. University of Iowa; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Echeverria, Maria Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Microbiología. Cátedra de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin

Detection and molecular characterization of porcine parvovirus in fetal tissues from sows without reproductive failure in Argentina

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of many pathogens responsible for reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Several studies have reported the appearance of new PPV strains that differ from previous isolates both genetically and antigenically. Thus, the protective effects of commercially inactivated vaccines could not be complete. In South America, the information about PPV is limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to detect and characterize the PPV strains present in 131 mummies or stillbirths from normal deliveries in sows from a commercial swine farm of Argentina that uses the commercial vaccine. PCR results showed that 17/131 were positive to PPV. Ten of these viruses were isolated and sequenced. All viruses were related to the PPV1 sequence (NADL-2), maintaining the amino acid differences in positions 436 (S–P) and 565 (R–K). This study is the first to report the isolation of PPV in Argentina and the results suggest that PPV can cross the placenta even in vaccinated sows, thus affecting some of the fetuses and being able to cause fetal death in sows without reproductive failure. The results also suggest that vaccination only reduces clinical signs and reproductive disorders and may thus not be a perfect tool to manage PPV infection. This study provides information that needs to be studied in depth to improve strategies to prevent and control PPV infection in swine farms.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria