Reflexões sobre a acessibilidade digital de pessoas com deficiência no período de pandemia da COVID-19 no estado de Minas Gerais

Acessibilidade e inclusão digital não dizem respeito ao acesso à rede, mas ao rompimento das barreiras de comunicação. O trabalho teve por objetivo compreender como a falta de acessibilidade digital impactou os conselhos da pessoa com deficiência no período do COVID-19. Foram entrevistados oito conselhos municipais, Estadual (CONPED/MG) e o Nacional (CONADE). Os resultados concluem que a exclusão digital modificou o funcionamento dos respectivos conselhos

Recycling chips of stainless steel using a full factorial design

The aim of this study was to provide an experimental investigation on the novel method for recycling chips of duplex stainless steel, with the addition of vanadium carbide, in order to produce metal/carbide composites from a high-energy mechanical milling process. Powders of duplex stainless steel with the addition of vanadium carbide were prepared by high-energy mechanical ball milling utilizing a planetary ball mill. For this proposal, experiments following a full factorial design with two replicates were planned, performed, and then analyzed. The four factors investigated in this study were rotation speed, milling time, powder to ball weight ratio and carbide percentage. For each factor, the experiments were conducted into two levels so that the internal behavior among them could be statistically estimated: 250 to 350 rpm for rotation speed, 10 to 50 h for milling time, 10:1 to 22:1 for powder to ball weight ratio, and 0 to 3% carbide percentage. In order to measure and characterize particle size, we utilized the analysis of particle size and a scanning electron microscopy. The results showed with the addition of carbide in the milling process cause an average of reduction in particle size when compared with the material without carbide added. All the four factors investigated in this study presented significant influence on the milling process of duplex stainless steel chips and the reduction of particle size. The statistical analysis showed that the addition of carbide in the process is the most influential factor, followed by the milling time, rotation speed and powder to ball weight ratio. Significant interaction effects among these factors were also identified98CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS - FAPEMIGsem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçã

Caracterização da superfície da liga Ti-30Ta após crescimento de nanotubos

Titânio CP e a liga Ti6Al4V são amplamente empregados na fabricação de componentes para aplicações biomédicas. No entanto, estes materiais podem causar problemas de saúde em função da liberação de íons metálicos citotóxicos e reabsorção do osso adjacente devido a grande diferença entre o modulo de elasticidade do material e osso. Esses fatores têm levado ao desenvolvimento de novas ligas de titânio e também de novas técnicas de modificação de superfície. Amostras da liga experimental Ti-30Ta na forma de discos com 13 mm de diâmetro e 3 mm de espessura foram empregadas nesse estudo. O processo de anodização foi realizado sob tensão de 15V, 25V e 35V e tempos de 20 e 40 min em eletrólito formado por HF/H2SO4 com adição de dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO). A calcinação das amostras foi realizada a 530ºC durante 3 h. As superfícies foram avaliadas empregando-se MEV-FEG, EDS e a molhabilidade avaliada com ângulo de contato. Todas as condições avaliadas apresentam superfície hidrofílica. Nanotubos de Ti-30Ta foram obtidos na condição 35V-40 mim apresentado 100 nm de comprimento e 80-100 nm de diâmetro. A biocompatibilidade da liga Ti-30Ta com nanotubos foi avaliada após 24 e 72 horas de cultura celular com fibroblastos dérmicos humanos (HDF, neonatal). A adesão e proliferação celular, viabilidade, organização do citoesqueleto e morfologia celular foram investigadas por meio de imagens de microscópio de fluorescência, ensaios bioquímicos e MEV-FEG. Análise celular demonstrou aumento significativo na adesão e proliferação celular, viavilidade, alongamento e produção de matriz extracelular de fibroblastos na superfície da liga Ti-30Ta com nanotubos após 72 horas de cultura celular...In the last years, titanium and theirs alloys have been used in dental applications due their excellent properties such as corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. However, these materials are considered bioinerts and due to your poor physiological integration that may result in fibrous encapsulation and further biomaterial rejection. Ti-30Ta alloys, for use in biomedical applications are the subject of this research. The aim is to discover optimal alloy proportions for tissue-like mechanical properties and improved biocompatibility. Of the alloys tested, 30% Ta with Ti exhibits favorable properties including a low elastic modulus, improved strain-resistance and increased elongation to failure. Recent studies have identified strong correlations between anodized metals and the production of highly biomimetic nanoscale topographies. These surfaces provide an interface of enhanced biocompatibility that exhibits a high degree of oxidation and surface energy. In this study, the mechanical substrate and topographical surface properties of anodized Ti-30Ta alloy were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and contact angle measurement. The anodization process was performed in an electrolyte solution containing HF (48%) and H2SO4 (98%) in the volumetric ratios 1:9 with the addition of 5% dimethyl sulfóxido (DMSO) at 15V, 25V and 35V for 20 and 40 min, producing a nanotube architecture when anodized at 35V for 40 min. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF, neonatal) were utilized to evaluate the biocompatibility of Ti-30Ta nanotubes after 24 and 72 hours of culture. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, viability, cytoskeletal organization and morphology were investigated using fluorescence microscope imaging, biochemical assay and SEM imaging respectively... (Complete abstract click eletronic access below)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Production and Characterization of a 316L Stainless Steel/β-TCP Biocomposite Using the Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) Technique for Dental and Orthopedic Applications

Metallic biomaterials are widely used for implants and dental and orthopedic applications due to their good mechanical properties. Among all these materials, 316L stainless steel has gained special attention, because of its good characteristics as an implantable biomaterial. However, the Young’s modulus of this metal is much higher than that of human bone (~193 GPa compared to 5–30 GPa). Thus, a stress shielding effect can occur, leading the implant to fail. In addition, due to this difference, the bond between implant and surrounding tissue is weak. Already, calcium phosphate ceramics, such as beta-tricalcium phosphate, have shown excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. However, they present low mechanical strength. For this reason, this study aimed to combine 316L stainless steel with the beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (β-TCP), with the objective of improving the steel’s biological performance and the ceramic’s mechanical strength. The 316L stainless steel/β-TCP biocomposites were produced using powder metallurgy and functionally graded materials (FGMs) techniques. Initially, β-TCP was obtained by solid-state reaction using powders of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. The forerunner materials were analyzed microstructurally. Pure 316L stainless steel and β-TCP were individually submitted to temperature tests (1000 and 1100 °C) to determine the best condition. Blended compositions used to obtain the FGMs were defined as 20% to 20%. They were homogenized in a high-energy ball mill, uniaxially pressed, sintered and analyzed microstructurally and mechanically. The results indicated that 1100 °C/2 h was the best sintering condition, for both 316L stainless steel and β-TCP. For all individual compositions and the FGM composite, the parameters used for pressing and sintering were appropriate to produce samples with good microstructural and mechanical properties. Wettability and hemocompatibility were also achieved efficiently, with no presence of contaminants. All results indicated that the production of 316L stainless steel/β-TCP FGMs through PM is viable for dental and orthopedic purposes

Production and Characterization of a 316L Stainless Steel/β-TCP Biocomposite Using the Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) Technique for Dental and Orthopedic Applications

Metallic biomaterials are widely used for implants and dental and orthopedic applications due to their good mechanical properties. Among all these materials, 316L stainless steel has gained special attention, because of its good characteristics as an implantable biomaterial. However, the Young’s modulus of this metal is much higher than that of human bone (~193 GPa compared to 5–30 GPa). Thus, a stress shielding effect can occur, leading the implant to fail. In addition, due to this difference, the bond between implant and surrounding tissue is weak. Already, calcium phosphate ceramics, such as beta-tricalcium phosphate, have shown excellent osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. However, they present low mechanical strength. For this reason, this study aimed to combine 316L stainless steel with the beta-tricalcium phosphate ceramic (β-TCP), with the objective of improving the steel’s biological performance and the ceramic’s mechanical strength. The 316L stainless steel/β-TCP biocomposites were produced using powder metallurgy and functionally graded materials (FGMs) techniques. Initially, β-TCP was obtained by solid-state reaction using powders of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. The forerunner materials were analyzed microstructurally. Pure 316L stainless steel and β-TCP were individually submitted to temperature tests (1000 and 1100 °C) to determine the best condition. Blended compositions used to obtain the FGMs were defined as 20% to 20%. They were homogenized in a high-energy ball mill, uniaxially pressed, sintered and analyzed microstructurally and mechanically. The results indicated that 1100 °C/2 h was the best sintering condition, for both 316L stainless steel and β-TCP. For all individual compositions and the FGM composite, the parameters used for pressing and sintering were appropriate to produce samples with good microstructural and mechanical properties. Wettability and hemocompatibility were also achieved efficiently, with no presence of contaminants. All results indicated that the production of 316L stainless steel/β-TCP FGMs through PM is viable for dental and orthopedic purposes

Interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and Ti-30Ta alloy after surface treatment

In this study, in vitro cytocompatibility was investigated in the Ti-30Ta alloy after two kinds of surfaces treatments: alkaline and biomimetic treatment. Each condition was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Cellular adhesion, viability, protein expression, morphology, and differentiation were evaluated with Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) to investigate the short and long-term cellular response by fluorescence microscope imaging and colorimetric assays techniques. Two treatments exhibited similar results with respect to total protein content and enzyme activity as compared with alloy without treatment. However, it was observed improved of the biomineralization, bone matrix formation, enzyme activity, and MSCs functionality after biomimetic treatment. These results indicate that the biomimetic surface treatment has a high potential for enhanced osseointegration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Fibroblast functionality on novel Ti-30Ta nanotube array

In this study, the mechanical substrate and topographical surface properties of anodized Ti - 30Ta alloy were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and contact angle measurement. The anodization process was performed in an electrolyte solution containing HE (48%) and H2SO4 (98%) in the volumetric ratios 1:9 with the addition of 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 15 V, 25 V and 35 V for 20 and 40 min, producing a nanotube architecture when anodized at 35 V for 40 min. Human dermal fibroblasts (HDF, neonatal) were utilized to evaluate the biocompatibility of Ti - 30Ta nanotubes and Ti - 30Ta alloy after 1 and 3 days of culture. Cellular adhesion, proliferation, viability, cytoskeletal organization and morphology were investigated using fluorescence microscope imaging, biochemical assay and SEM imaging respectively. The results presented identify altered material properties and improved cellular interaction on Ti - 30Ta nanotubes as compared to Ti - 30 Ta alloy. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Reduced in vitro immune response on titania nanotube arrays compared to titanium surface

Material surfaces that provide biomimetic cues, such as nanoscale architectures, have been shown to alter cell/biomaterial interactions. Recent studies have identified titania nanotube arrays as strong candidates for use in interfaces on implantable devices due to their ability to elicit improved cellular functionality. However, limited information exists regarding the immune response of nanotube arrays. Thus, in this study, we have investigated the short- and long-term immune cell reaction of titania nanotube arrays. Whole blood lysate (containing leukocytes, thrombocytes and trace amounts of erythrocytes), isolated from human blood, were cultured on titania nanotube arrays and biomedical grade titanium (as a control) for 2 hours and 2 and 7 days. In order to determine the in vitro immune response on titania nanotube arrays, immune cell functionality was evaluated by cellular viability, adhesion, proliferation, morphology, cytokine/chemokine expression, with and without lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and nitric oxide release. The results presented in this study indicate a decrease in short- and long-term monocyte, macrophage and neutrophil functionality on titania nanotube arrays as compared to the control substrate. This work shows a reduced stimulation of the immune response on titania nanotube arrays, identifying this specific nanoarchitecture as a potentially optimal interface for implantable biomedical devices. © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry

A New Method to Recycle Stainless–Steel Duplex UNS S31803 Chips

Due to the increased consumption of raw materials, energy, and the waste it generates, recycling has become very important and fundamental for the environment and the industrial sector. The production of duplex stainless–steel powders with the addition of vanadium carbide in the high energy mechanical milling process is a new method for recycling materials for the manufacture of components in the industrial sector. This study aims to reuse the chips from the duplex stainless–steel UNS S31803 by powder metallurgy with the addition of Vanadium carbide (VC). The mechanical milling was performed using a planetary ball mill for 50 h at a milling speed of 350 rpm and a ball-to-powder weight ratio of 20:1, and the addition of 3 wt % of VC. The material submitted to milling with an addition of carbide has a particle size of less than 140 μm. After milling, the sample went through a stress relief treatment performed at 1050 °C for 1 h and the isostatic compaction process loaded with 300 MPa. The sintered powders and material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness tests. The milling process with an addition of 3% VC produced a particle size smaller than the initial chip size. The measurement of micrometric sizes obtained was between 26 and 132 μm. The sintered material had a measurement of porosity evaluated at 15%. The obtained density of the material was 84% compared to the initial density of the material as stainless–steel duplex UNS S31803. The value of the microhardness measurement was 232 HV. The material submitted for grinding presented the formation of a martensitic structure and after the thermal treatment, the presence of ferrite and austenite phases was observed. Thus, in conclusion, this study demonstrates the efficacy in the production of a metal-ceramic composite using a new method to recycle stainless–steel duplex UNS S31803 chips