Method of making conical fiber optical components

Improved method for producing fused-fiber optical components is described. These components have a frustro-conical shape and provide high-quality light transmission with high resolution capabilities. Fiber optical components can be used in precision optical systems, such as in certain camera applications

My Translation

Senior Project submitted to The Division of Languages and Literature of Bard College. A collection of autobiographical stories which arc from growing up in Germany in the 1980s to immigrating to the U.S. as an adult. Some of the stories also delve into my mother\u27s experiences and how the repercussions of World War II have shaped her life

Objective Assessment of Outdoor Physical Activity in College Students and Relationships to Psychological Well-Being

Introduction: Physical activity is known to improve many aspects of health including physical and psychological well-being. Additional psychological health benefits have been attributed to performing physical activity outdoors. Despite this potential benefit, objectively measured outdoor physical activity has rarely been studied in an adult population. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to objectively define and measure bouts of outdoor physical activity and investigate correlations between this activity and subjectively reported psychological stress and anxiety. Methods: Objective outdoor physical activity will be measured using accelerometry and optic sensor capabilities of ActiGraph GT3X devices. Bouts of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity will be determined using validated ranges of activity counts4 and lux values from the optic sensors will determine environment. Outdoor physical activity bouts will be defined as periods of moderate-tovigorous physical activity of at least 10 minutes with average lux values of at least 2405. Participants will complete baseline questionnaires of trait anxiety and perceived stress followed by a 10 consecutive day wear time of the ActiGraph GT3X devices. Results: Data collection and processing are currently underway. Measures of outdoor physical activity will be summarized and presented along with correlations between this activity and measures of trait anxiety and perceived stress. Conclusions: This will be the first study to objectively measure and define outdoor physical activity bouts in adults using simple accelerometers with optics capabilities. This definition and methodology can be used to investigate further associations between outdoor physical activity and measures of psychological health as well as a tool to objectively validate outdoor physical activity to be studied as an assigned intervention

Fiber optics systems for planetary scan system final technical report

Optical tracking and detector system with fiber optics cone for Mariner B spacecraf

Selection Effects, Biases, and Constraints in the Calan/Tololo Supernova Survey

We use Monte Carlo simulations of the Calan/Tololo photographic supernova survey to show that a simple model of the survey's selection effects accounts for the observed distributions of recession velocity, apparent magnitude, angular offset, and projected radial distance between the supernova and the host galaxy nucleus for this sample of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). The model includes biases due to the flux-limited nature of the survey, the different light curve morphologies displayed by different SNe Ia, and the difficulty of finding events projected near the central regions of the host galaxies. From these simulations we estimate the bias in the zero-point and slope of the absolute magnitude-decline rate relation used in SNe Ia distance measurements. For an assumed intrinsic scatter of 0.15 mag about this relation, these selection effects decrease the zero-point by 0.04 mag. The slope of the relation is not significantly biased. We conclude that despite selection effects in the survey, the shape and zero-point of the relation determined from the Calan/Tololo sample are quite reliable. We estimate the degree of incompleteness of the survey as a function of decline rate and estimate a corrected luminosity function for SNe Ia in which the frequency of SNe appears to increase with decline rate (the fainter SNe are more common). Finally, we compute the integrated detection efficiency of the survey in order to infer the rate of SNe Ia from the 31 events found. For a value of Ho=65 km/sec/Mpc we obtain a SN Ia rate of 0.21(+0.30)(-0.13) SNu. This is in good agreement with the value 0.16+/-0.05 SNu recently determined by Capellaro et al. (1997).Comment: 36 pages, 19 figures as extra files, to appear in the A

Type II Supernovae as Standardized Candles

We present evidence for a correlation between expansion velocities of the ejecta of Type II plateau supernovae and their bolometric luminosities during the plateau phase. This correlation permits one to standardize the candles and decrease the scatter in the Hubble diagram from ~1 mag to a level of 0.4 and 0.3 mag in the V and I bands, respectively. When we restrict the sample to the eight objects which are well in the Hubble flow (cz > 3,000 km/s) the scatter drops even further to only 0.2 mag (or 9% in distance), which is comparable to the precision yielded by Type Ia supernovae and far better than the ``expanding photosphere method'' applied to Type II supernovae. Using SN 1987A to calibrate the Hubble diagrams we get Ho=55+/-12.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted by ApJ

Die Urkunden und Briefe des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs in Wien, Abteilung Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv: Allgemeine Urkundenreihe, Familienurkunden und Abschriftensammlungen (1483–1488). Bearb. von Peter Gretzel. Köln u.a.: Böhlau, 2014

Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften – Regesta Imperii und Deutsche Kommission für die Bearbeitung der Regesta Imperii bei der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur | Mainz: Regesten Kaiser Friedrichs III. (1440–1493) nach Archiven und Bibliotheken geordnet, begründet von Heinrich Koller, herausgegeben von Paul-Joachim Heinig, Christian Lackner und Alois Niederstätter. Heft 30: Die Urkunden und Briefe des Österreichischen Staatsarchivs in Wien, Abteilung Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv: Allgemeine Urkundenreihe, Familienurkunden und Abschriftensammlungen (1483–1488). Bearb. von Peter Gretzel. Köln u.a.: Böhlau, 2014, 280 S., ISBN 978-3-205-79623-7, EUR 44,90.

Ultra-high speed electro-optical systems employing fiber optics final report

Ultrahigh speed electro-optical systems employing fiber optic

Positron Escape from Type Ia Supernovae

We generate bolometric light curves for a variety of type Ia supernova models at late times, simulating gamma-ray and positron transport for various assumptions about the magnetic field and ionization of the ejecta. These calculated light curve shapes are compared with light curves of specific supernovae for which there have been adequate late observations. %The selection of models is generally not based upon the %ability to fit the late observations, but rather because the %model has been demonstrated by other authors to approximate the spectra %and early light curves of that specific SN. From these comparisons we draw two conclusions: whether a suggested model is an acceptable approximation of a particular event, and, given that it is, the magnetic field characteristics and degree of ionization that are most consistent with the observed light curve shape. For the ten SNe included in this study, five strongly suggest $^{56}$Co positron escape as would be permitted by a weak or radially-combed magnetic field. Of the remaining five SNe, none clearly show the upturned light curve expected for positron trapping in a strong, tangled magnetic field. Chandrasekhar mass models can explain normally, sub-, and super- luminous supernova light curves; sub-Chandrasekhar mass models have difficulties with sub- (and potentially normally) luminous SNe. An estimate of the galactic positron production rate from type Ia SNe is compared with gamma-ray observations of Galactic 511 keV annihilation radiation. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of correctly treating the positron transport for calculations of spectra, or any properties, of type Ia SNe at late epochs ($\geq$ 200 d).Comment: 82 pages including 25 figure