Nitrous acid and nitrite in the atmosphere

Nitrous acid is a minor trace gas, yet has an important influence on OH concentrations in the troposphere. Gas phase concentrations in both rural and urban air are larger than predicted from laboratory studies of homogeneous or heterogeneous chemistry. A better understanding of the mechanisms which produce nitrous acid in the atmosphere will lead to improved model of nitrogen oxide and OH chemistry, particularly in polluted air

In the Interests of clients or commerce? Legal aid, supply, demand, and 'ethical indeterminacy' in criminal defence work

As a professional, a lawyer's first duty is to serve the client's best interests, before simple monetary gain. In criminal defence work, this duty has been questioned in the debate about the causes of growth in legal aid spending: is it driven by lawyers (suppliers) inducing unnecessary demand for their services or are they merely responding to increased demand? Research reported here found clear evidence of a change in the handling of cases in response to new payment structures, though in ways unexpected by the policy's proponents. The paper develops the concept of 'ethical indeterminacy' as a way of understanding how defence lawyers seek to reconcile the interests of commerce and clients. Ethical indeterminacy suggests that where different courses of action could each be said to benefit the client, the lawyer will tend to advise the client to decide in the lawyer's own interests. Ethical indeterminacy is mediated by a range of competing conceptions of 'quality' and 'need'. The paper goes on to question the very distinction between 'supply' and 'demand' in the provision of legal services

774-5 Effect of Cardiac Translation on Measurement of Left Ventricular Wall Velocities: Implications for Doppler Imaging of Myocardium

Doppler imaging of the myocardium is a new application which has the potential to record myocardial velocities. These recorded velocities, however, include cardiac motion independent of ventricular contraction. A measured myocardial velocity, therefore, represents the net vector of contraction, translation, and rotation. To determine the effects of cardiac translation on myocardial velocities, 2-dimensional (2D) and M-mode echocardiographic recordings were obtained in 10 normal subjects. The average anteroseptal (AS) and posterior wall (PW) velocities were measured by 2D echo directed M-mode in the centerline of the parasternal short-axis view. Translation was measured from 2D echo cine-loop display as the displacement of the epicardial junction of the right ventricular free wall and interventricular septum during systole. The average translational velocity is reported as the component of the displacement vector parallel to the M-mode beam (+=toward transducer). The AS and PW velocities (cm/sec) displayed in the table represent net measured velocities, which include the translational vector.ResultsASPWTranslationMean±SD3.2±0.54.5±1.1+1.3±0.6Range2.4 to 4.03.4 to 6.9-l.4 to+2.4In 8/10 subjects the velocity vector was positive. The mean percent error in the M-mode derived velocities due to translation was 41% for the AS wall and 31% for the PW.Conclusions1) As measured by 2D echocardiography, the magnitude of the translational vector is significant when compared to the M-mode derived myocardial velocities. 2) The relative error demonstrated in the measured velocities may be further modified when applied in two dimensions, due to the angle of incidence of the Doppler beam. 3) New techniques for measuring myocardial velocities, such as Doppler imaging of the myocardium, should incorporate algorithms which correct for the translational vector

Older adults respond better to psychological therapy than working-age adults: evidence from a large sample of mental health service attendees.

BACKGROUND: Older adults commonly experience depression and anxiety, yet are under-represented in psychological treatment services. There is uncertainty about the outcomes from psychological therapies for older adults relative to working-age adults. This study explored: pre-treatment differences between older and working-age patients with depression or anxiety disorders; whether outcomes from psychological therapy differ between groups controlling for pre-treatment clinical severity, functioning, and socio-demographics; and whether the impact of a long-term condition (LTC) on outcome differs by age. METHODS: Data on >100,000 patients treated with psychological therapies in eight Improving Access to Psychological Therapies services were analyzed. We compared pre-treatment characteristics and therapy outcomes for older (≥65 years) and working-age (18-64 years) patients, and investigated associations between age and outcomes. RESULTS: Older adults had less severe clinical presentations pre-treatment. In adjusted models older adults were more likely to reliably recover (OR=1.33(95%CI=1.24-1.43)), reliably improve (OR=1.34(95%CI =1.24-1.45)), and attrition was less likely (OR=0.48(95%CI =0.43-0.53)). Effects were more pronounced in patients with anxiety disorders compared to depression. Having an LTC was associated with a much lower likelihood of reliable recovery for working-age patients but had only a modest effect for older adults. LIMITATIONS: There are potential selection biases affecting the characteristics of older people attending these services. Residual confounding cannot be ruled out due to limits on data available. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults experienced better outcomes from psychological treatments than working-age adults. Given the deleterious effects if mental health conditions go untreated, increasing access to psychological therapies for older people should be an international priority

Instabilities and disorder of the domain patterns in the systems with competing interactions

The dynamics of the domains is studied in a two-dimensional model of the microphase separation of diblock copolymers in the vicinity of the transition. A criterion for the validity of the mean field theory is derived. It is shown that at certain temperatures the ordered hexagonal pattern becomes unstable with respect to the two types of instabilities: the radially-nonsymmetric distortions of the domains and the repumping of the order parameter between the neighbors. Both these instabilities may lead to the transformation of the regular hexagonal pattern into a disordered pattern.Comment: ReVTeX, 4 pages, 3 figures (postscript); submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Clinical application of three-dimensional echocardiographic laser stereolithography: Effect of leaflet funnel geometry on the coefficient of orifice contraction, pressure loss and the Gorlin formula in aortic stenosis

International audienc

Transnational communities for dismantling detention: From Manus Island to the UK

Behrouz Boochani published No Friend but the Mountains: Writing From Manus Prison in 2018 which went on to win the 2019 Victorian Prize for Literature while he was still incarcerated in Manus Prison. Since its publication the book has attracted a great deal of worldwide attention, particualrly from UK academics – it was released in the UK in 2019. Prior to winning Australia’s richest literary award his film Chauka, Please Tell Us the Time had its world premiere at the Sydney Film Festival and its international premiere at the BFI London Film Festival. The feature-length film has also been screened at numerous UK universities. In February 2020 Behrouz and translator Omid Tofighian engaged with academics and activists in the UK over a series of events; this article is an edited version of various conversations that emerged from these collaborations and critically discusses the global nature of border violence and the colonial ideology at the heart of immigration detention

WHAT DO TEENAGE GIRLS LIKE AND DISLIKE ABOUT PARK PLAY SPACES AND MULTI-USE GAMES AREAS? Addendum to the report What makes a park feel safe or unsafe? The views of women, girls and professionals in West Yorkshire

This report presents the findings of a photo elicitation activity with girls and young women to explore what they ‘like’ and ‘dislike’ about park play spaces and multi-use games areas (MUGAs) with a focus on feelings of safety

What Makes a Park Feel Safe or Unsafe? The views of women, girls and professionals in West Yorkshire

When women and girls feel unsafe, they are less likely to use, enjoy and benefit from parks, particularly when alone and after dark. Parks and play spaces should be better designed and managed to be well-used, sociable places that offer activities and facilities that are welcoming to women and girls. Changes should support women and girls to feel safe throughout the day and all-year round. Changes to parks must be part of an holistic approach that tackles threats of violence against women and girls, to address root causes of women and girls’ unsafety