The Shadow Side of Teaching Classroom as Organization

Classroom as organization (CAO) is an approach at the extreme end of an experiential learning intensity continuum (Sleeth & Brown, 1984). While proponents suggest they would never go back to a teacher-centered classroom, CAO has not become widely adopted since its initial description by Cohen (1976). We argue this is, in part, because of shadow elements that may discourage faculty in both initial adoption and persistence in the journey from novice to master. This article reports the authors reflexive process related to the shadow elements they encountered as early adopters of the CAO methodology. The paper begins with a brief background on CAO, followed by a discussion of shadow elements that manifest at the student and faculty levels. We include our recommendations for practice

Development of an attitude scale using a mixture of Likert and Thurston scaling techniques

The current study aimed at development of an attitude scale using a mixture of Likert and Thurston scaling techniques. To create a kind of integration between the two methods and to get rid of the two problems of non-response on all items of the scale (Thurston) and the problem of the unified relative weight of all items (Likert). Where the study sample consisted of (50) arbitrators and (150) students from the ninth and tenth grades in Ajloun Governorate. They were chosen randomly with a unit of choice based on one grade. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive-analytical and correlational approach was used, and the study tools were developed according to each of the traditional Likert methods. In addition, Thurston\u27s method and from Likert\u27s hybrid method, with (24) items. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the values of the reliability coefficients and the terminal validity for each of the traditional Likert and Likert hybrid methods. The regression weights of the items depend on the latent factors according to the grading method and the correlation coefficients between the latent factors and the residuals

CaO impregnated highly porous honeycomb activated carbon from agriculture waste: symmetrical supercapacitor study

This study presents the electrochemical studies of activated carbon prepared from palm kernel shell (ACPKS), with CaO impregnation. The CaO is obtained from chicken eggshell waste to produce CaO/ACPKS, which shows highly porous honeycomb structure with homogeneous distribution of CaO nanoparticles (30–50 nm in size). The prepared materials are evaluated as supercapacitor electrodes by testing their electrochemical characteristics. A high specific capacitance value of 222 F g−1 at 0.025 A g−1 is obtained for CaO/ACPKS, which is around three times higher than that for ACPKS (76 F g−1). In addition, electrochemical impedance data show lower impedance for CaO/ACPKS. Lastly, a practical symmetrical supercapacitor is fabricated by CaO/ACPKS and its performance is discussed

Island-arc Ankaramites: Primitive Melts from Fluxed Refractory Lherzolitic Mantle

The distinctive island-arc ankaramites exemplified by the active Vanuatu arc may be produced by melting of refractory lherzolite under conditions in which melting is fluxed by H2O + CO2. Parental picritic ankaramite magmas with maximum CaO/Al2O3 to ≥1·5 are produced by melt segregation from residual chromite-bearing harzburgite at 1·5 GPa, ∼1320-1350°C. A pre-condition for derivation of such high CaO/Al2O3 melts from orthopyroxene-bearing sources/residues is that pyroxenes have low Al2O3 (70. Bulk compositions have CaO/Al2O3 ≥ 1·3, i.e. much higher than chondritic values. The effects of both (CO3)2− and (OH)− dissolved in the silicate melt combine with the refractory wedge composition to produce ankaramitic picrite magmas that segregate from residual harzburgite at pressures of spinel stability. Other primitive arc and back-arc magmas such as boninites (low Ca and high Ca) share the primitive signatures of island-arc ankaramites (liquidus olivine Mg number ≥90, spinels with Cr number >70). Consideration of the relative proportions of Na2O, CaO and Al2O3 in these primitive arc magmas leads to the inference of a common factor of refractory mantle fluxed by differing agents. H2O-rich fluid alone carries these refractory major element characteristics into the primitive melts (high-CaO boninites, tholeiitic picrites). Fluxing with dolomitic carbonatite melt, which may develop from C-O-H-fluids within the mantle wedge, generates high CaO/Al2O3 sources and thus facilitates the formation of picritic ankaramites. Alternatively, melting may be fluxed by hydrous dacitic to rhyodacitic melt derived from the subducted slab (garnet amphibolite or eclogite melting). In this case, higher Na2O/CaO, lower CaO/Al2O3 and higher SiO2 contents characterize the low-CaO boninite

Fabrication of 45 degrees template grain boundary junctions using a CaO lift-off technique

45 degrees grain boundary junctions have been made using (100) MgO substrates, a CeO2 template layer and an YBa2Cu3O7 top layer. To minimize the damage to the MgO surface, which will occur if the CeO2 is structured using ion milling, the CeO2 layer has been structured using the CaO lift-off technique. Electrical measurements of these junctions as a function of temperature, microwave irradiation and magnetic field will be discussed in this paper

Energy storage for a lunar base by the reversible chemical reaction: CaO+H2O reversible reaction Ca(OH)2

A thermochemical solar energy storage concept involving the reversible reaction CaO + H2O yields Ca(OH)2 is proposed as a power system element for a lunar base. The operation and components of such a system are described. The CaO/H2O system is capable of generating electric power during both the day and night. The specific energy (energy to mass ratio) of the system was estimated to be 155 W-hr/kg. Mass of the required amount of CaO is neglected since it is obtained from lunar soil. Potential technical problems, such as reactor design and lunar soil processing, are reviewed

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Wet-Chemically Prepared Chlorinated Si(111) Surfaces

Chlorine-terminated Si(111) surfaces prepared through the wet-chemical treatment of H-terminated Si(111) surfaces with PCl_5 (in chlorobenzene) were investigated using ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (UHV cryo-STM) and tunneling spectroscopy. STM images, collected at 77 K, revealed an unreconstructed 1 × 1 structure for the chlorination layer, consistent with what has been observed for the gas phase chlorination of H-terminated Si(111). However, the wet-chemical chlorination is shown to generate etch pits in the Si(111) surface, with an increase in etch pit density correlating with increasing PCl_5 exposure temperatures. These etch pits were assumed to stabilize the edge structure through the partial removal of the 〈112̄〉 step edges. Tunneling spectroscopy revealed a nonzero density of states at zero bias. This is in contrast to the cases of H-, methyl-, or ethyl-terminated Si(111), in which similar measurements have revealed the presence of a large conductance gap

Shock temperatures in calcite (CaCO3): Implication for shock induced decomposition

The temperatures induced in crystalline calcite upon planar shock compression (95–160 GPa) are reported from two-stage light gas-gun experiments. The temperatures are obtained fitting 6-channel optical pyrometer radiances in the 450 to 900 nm range, to a Planck radiation law temperature varied from 3300 to 5400 K. Calculations demonstrate that the temperatures are some 400 to 1350 K lower than if either shock-induced melting and/or disproportionation of calcite behind the shock front was not occurring. Here calcite is modeled as disproportionating into a molecular liquid, or a solid CaO plus CO2 gas. For temperature calculations, specific heat at constant volume for one mole of CO2 is taken to be 6.7R as compared to 9R in the solid state; whereas calcite and CaO have their solid state values (15R and 6R). Calculations also suggest that the onset of decomposition in calcite to CaO and CO2 during loading occurs at ~75±10 GPa, along the Hugoniot whereas decomposition begins upon unloading from 18 GPa. The 18 GPa value is based on comparison of VISAR measurements of particle velocity profiles induced upon isentropic expansion with one-dimensional numerical simulation

Bradykinin mediates cardiac preconditioning at a distance

Preconditioning the heart by brief coronary (CAO) or mesenteric artery occlusion (MAO) can protect against damage during subsequent prolonged CAO and reperfusion. The role of bradykinin (BK) in remote cardiac preconditioning by MAO is investigated by antagonizing the BK B(2) receptor [Hoechst 140 (HOE-140)] or simulating local BK release by mesenteric intra-arterial infusion. Anesthetized male Wistar rats (n = 6-8) were treated with HOE-140 or saline before starting the preconditioning protocol, CAO, MAO, or non-preconditioned control. Infarct size related to risk area [ratio of infarct area to area at risk (IA/AR)] was determined after 3 h of reperfusion following a 60-min CAO. IA/AR was 62 +/- 5% in controls and not affected by HOE-140 (58 +/- 6%). CAO as well as MAO significantly protected the heart (IA/AR, 37 +/- 3 and 35 +/- 5%), which was prevented by HOE-140 (IA/AR, 71 +/- 6 and 65 +/- 7%, respectively). Brief intramesenteric BK infusion mimicked MAO (IA/AR, 26 +/- 3%). Pretreatment with hexamethonium could abolish this protection (IA/AR, 67 +/- 4%). These data indicate an important role for BK in remote preconditioning by MAO. Results support the hypothesis that remote preconditioning acts through sensory nerve stimulation in the ischemic organ

Second Screen User Profiling and Multi-level Smart Recommendations in the context of Social TVs

In the context of Social TV, the increasing popularity of first and second screen users, interacting and posting content online, illustrates new business opportunities and related technical challenges, in order to enrich user experience on such environments. SAM (Socializing Around Media) project uses Social Media-connected infrastructure to deal with the aforementioned challenges, providing intelligent user context management models and mechanisms capturing social patterns, to apply collaborative filtering techniques and personalized recommendations towards this direction. This paper presents the Context Management mechanism of SAM, running in a Social TV environment to provide smart recommendations for first and second screen content. Work presented is evaluated using real movie rating dataset found online, to validate the SAM's approach in terms of effectiveness as well as efficiency.Comment: In: Wu TT., Gennari R., Huang YM., Xie H., Cao Y. (eds) Emerging Technologies for Education. SETE 201