Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleocapsid Protein Polymorphisms Modulate the Infectivity of RNA Packaging Mutants

AbstractThe nucleocapsid protein (NC) of retroviruses is involved in viral RNA packaging and initiation of reverse transcription. NC also mediates interactions between Gag and actin filaments. We found that residues at the amino terminus of NC are involved in efficient actin binding. When alanine residues were substituted for the arginine and lysine at positions 10 and 11 of NC in HIVNL4-3, these mutations decreased actin binding but had only a modest effect on virus infectivity. A similarly mutated virus based on the HXB2 clone of HIV was not infectious. Mutational analysis of NL4-3 NC residues demonstrated that NC polymorphisms modulated the phenotype of NC mutations. Conservative amino acid differences between HXB2 and NL4-3 NCs were sufficient to explain the difference in infectivity of viruses carrying the R10A and K11A mutations

Naming Names: The Impact of Supreme Court Opinion Attribution on Citizen Assessment of Policy Outcomes

The manner in which political institutions convey their policy outcomes can have important implications for how the public views institutions\u27 policy decisions. This paper explores whether the way in which the U.S. Supreme Court communicates its policy decrees affects how favorably members of the public assess its decisions. Specifically, we investigate whether attributing a decision to the nation\u27s High Court or to an individual justice influences the public\u27s agreement with the Court\u27s rulings. Using an experimental design, we find that when a Supreme Court outcome is ascribed to the institution as a whole, rather than to a particular justice, people are more apt to agree with the policy decision. We also find that identifying the gender of the opinion author affects public agreement under certain conditions. Our findings have important implications for how public support for institutional policymaking operates, as well as the dynamics of how the Supreme Court manages to accumulate and maintain public goodwill

Concert recording 2019-11-20

[Track 1]. Quatour pour saxophones. I. Gaiete Villageoise / F. & M. Jeanjean -- [Track 2]. Memory from Nepomuk\u27s dances / Marcelo Zarvos -- [Track 3]. Quatour pour saxophones. II. Doloroso III. Spirituoso / P.M. Dubois -- [Track 4]. Danza 2016 / Lucky Chops -- [Track 5]. Howler back / Zack Browning -- [Track 6]. Dusk / Steven Bryant -- [Track 7]. Oileain reel / Craig Richards