9 research outputs found
Adolescents and youths’ opinions about the factors associated with cannabis use: a qualitative study based on the I-Change model
Background To learn about the experiences and opinions of adolescent non-consumers and regular cannabis users
about cannabis use and the factors that determine its use, using the I-Change explanatory model as a basis.
Methods Qualitative methodology with a content analysis was used. Focus groups were conducted with
adolescents who were non-regular cannabis users (those who had not tried cannabis or had only experimented with
it before) and semi-structured interviews were conducted with adolescent and young adult in recovery who were in a
detoxification program. A deductive analysis of the audio-recorded and transcribed interviews was performed, using
the domains of the I-Change Model as a reference.
Results Personal problems, social problems or family problems can lead to cannabis use. There was a lack
of knowledge and low risk perception about consumption of this drug. There are other factors that influence
consumption, the perception of advantages, such as the feeling of freedom and the influence of the peer group. The
consumption of this substance in girls is changing, becoming more and more equal to that of boys. The family has an
important role to play in preventing drug use.
Conclusion Knowledge of these factors is of vital importance as a prior step to the development of efficient
intervention measures adjusted to the needs identified and the characteristics of the population.
Keywords I-Change model, Nursing, Cannabis, Qualitative researc
Sexual behaviour, human papillomavirus and its vaccine: a qualitative study of adolescents and parents in Andalusia
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and can be
prevented by vaccination. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding, by analysing interview
responses of adolescents and parents, of how adolescent sexual behaviour is approached in families, how
widespread knowledge about HPV is in Andalusia, the autonomous region with the lowest vaccination rate in
Spain, as well as to learn more about the interviewees’ position regarding vaccination.
Methods: A qualitative study by means of 15 focus groups of adolescents (N = 137, aged 14–17 years) and five
focus groups of parents with children of those ages (N = 37) was conducted in the provinces of Granada, Seville
and Jaén (Andalusia, Spain). The audio data were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed thematically using
NVIVO-10 software.
Results: There were three major results: (1) There is a lack of communication between adolescents and parents
regarding sexual behaviour; (2) In both groups, scarce knowledge about HPV and vaccination was found; (3) Parents
mistrust vaccination due to a lack of qualified and verified information about its benefits.
Conclusions: Healthy adolescent sexual behaviour is aided by communication within the family. Families need
more information based on the evidence about HPV and vaccination. Health professionals are a key element in this
process
Opinions of Andalusian primary health care professionals about human papillomavirus and its vaccine
Fundamento. El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) es
una de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual más comunes,
pero su tasa de vacunación es de las más bajas
en Andalucía. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las
opiniones de los profesionales sanitarios de Atención
Primaria sobre la prevención en adolescentes de la infección
por el VPH y la administración de su vacuna.
Método. Investigación cualitativa mediante seis grupos
focales con profesionales de centros de Atención Primaria
de Sevilla, Granada y Jaén. Participaron 45 profesionales
sanitarios. Se realizó un análisis de contenido
de tipo semántico con categorización de respuestas en
unidades temáticas.
Resultados. Los profesionales reconocen las dificultades
de llegar a la población adolescente en temas de prevención
de conductas sexuales de riesgo, por falta de
tiempo y poca preocupación de los adolescentes por las
medidas preventivas. Aunque reconocen la sintomatología
de la infección por el VPH, no todos tienen claro si el
varón padece la enfermedad así como la asociación de la
infección con canceres distintos al de cérvix. Dudan a la
hora de recomendar la vacuna, dejando en manos de los
progenitores la decisión de la vacunación de sus hijas.
Conclusiones. Sería recomendable establecer estrategias
que mejoren la información que tienen los profesionales
acerca del VPH, así como de los beneficios
de la vacuna, para que los trasmitan claramente y con
asertividad a los padres; esto evitaría incertidumbre en
los progenitores, mejoraría las tasas de vacunación y
disminuiría las complicaciones de la infección (cáncer).Background. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the
most common sexually transmitted disease, but its vaccination
coverage is among the lowest in Andalusia.
The aim of this study is to determine what primary
health care professionals think and find out about the
prevention of HPV infection among adolescents and the
administration of the vaccine
Method. Qualitative study using six focus groups with
professionals from Primary Health Care in Seville, Granada
and Jaen. Fourty-five professionals participated.
An analysis of the semantic content was made, and answers
were categorized in thematic units.
Results. Professionals recognize the difficulties in reaching
the adolescent population concerning prevention
of sexual risk behaviors, due to lack of time and little concern
amongst adolescents about the preventive measures.
Although the professionals recognize the symptoms
of HPV infection, some did not know about the disease
in men as well as the association with other cancers
other than cervical cancer. They hesitate over whether
to recommend the vaccine or not, leaving the decision
to vaccinate their daughters in the hands of the parents.
Conclusion. It would be advisable to establish strategies
that improve the information that the professionals
have about HPV as well as the benefits of the vaccine,
so that they can transmit the benefits clearly and assertively
to the parents. This would avoid parental
uncertainty, improve vaccination rates, and decrease
complications of infection (cancer)
Transexualidad y transgénero desde una visión de género
Presentamos el diseño y los primeros resultados de una investigación que desde una
perspectiva antropológica y con metodología cualitativa, estamos realizando para
conocer aspectos psicosociales de la construcción de género de las personas
transexuales. De este modo pretendemos abarcar la problemática del colectivo transexual de manera
global.
Para seleccionar la muestra para la realización de las entrevistas en profundidad hemos
tenido en cuenta:
Un marco de edad suficientemente amplio; El nivel de estudios
;Lugar de nacimiento
; Tipo de transexualidad
; La ocupación
; Haber sido víctima o no de malos tratos. El análisis de las entrevistas a transexuales nos está permitiendo conocer que entre las
transexuales de hombre a mujer existen diferencias significativas con los de mujer a
hombre. Además entre el colectivo hay una gran heterogeneidad tanto en sus vivencias
como en sus objetivos de vida, aunque hay que resaltar el alto grado de sufrimiento que
ambos grupos padecen
Continuing education programme on vaccines for primary healthcare professionals: mixed-method protocol
Introduction Vaccination is a fundamental intervention
in disease prevention; therefore, the advice and
recommendations of health professionals have a major
influence on the population’s decision to be vaccinated
or not. Professionals must have sufficient competencies
to carry out their work and recommend vaccination with
evidence-based
knowledge. The aim is to design and
validate a strategy to improve professional competencies
in vaccination to positively influence adherence and
increase vaccination rates in the population.
Methods and analysis Training will be designed based
on evidence and previous studies and piloted with
healthcare providers. To test changes in knowledge, a
pretest and post-test
will be conducted. To test feasibility,
a think-aloud
method will be used with participants and
triangulated with focus groups using SWOT (strengths,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis. Transfer
will be measured using the questionnaire ‘factors for
the indirect evaluation of transfer’ and an efficacy
questionnaire 1½ months later; for satisfaction, an ad hoc
questionnaire will be used. A summative approach will be
used for the analysis of the focus groups and descriptive
and bivariate statistics for the questionnaires.
Ethics and dissemination This study was approved
by the Andalusian Research Ethics Committee, Spain
(approval number: 0524-N-
20).
The results will be made
available to the public at journal publications and scientific
conferences
¿Hacia la despatologización de la transexualidad?: Apuntes desde una lógica difusa
Una breve historia del género, su origen y evolución, el concepto de transexualismo de la OMS y la APA y una crítica de la dicotomía del sistema sexo/género que constituye la base de la definición del Transexualismo como patología
Contemporary use of cefazolin for MSSA infective endocarditis: analysis of a national prospective cohort
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the real use of cefazolin for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infective endocarditis (IE) in the Spanish National Endocarditis Database (GAMES) and to compare it with antistaphylococcal penicillin (ASP). Methods: Prospective cohort study with retrospective analysis of a cohort of MSSA IE treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Outcomes assessed were relapse; intra-hospital, overall, and endocarditis-related mortality; and adverse events. Risk of renal toxicity with each treatment was evaluated separately. Results: We included 631 IE episodes caused by MSSA treated with cloxacillin and/or cefazolin. Antibiotic treatment was cloxacillin, cefazolin, or both in 537 (85%), 57 (9%), and 37 (6%) episodes, respectively. Patients treated with cefazolin had significantly higher rates of comorbidities (median Charlson Index 7, P <0.01) and previous renal failure (57.9%, P <0.01). Patients treated with cloxacillin presented higher rates of septic shock (25%, P = 0.033) and new-onset or worsening renal failure (47.3%, P = 0.024) with significantly higher rates of in-hospital mortality (38.5%, P = 0.017). One-year IE-related mortality and rate of relapses were similar between treatment groups. None of the treatments were identified as risk or protective factors. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cefazolin is a valuable option for the treatment of MSSA IE, without differences in 1-year mortality or relapses compared with cloxacillin, and might be considered equally effective