Spectrophotometric assessment of the effects of 10% carbamide peroxide on enamel translucency

Tooth shade results from the interaction between enamel color, enamel translucency and dentine color. A change in any of these parameters will change a tooth’s color. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes occurring in enamel translucency during a tooth whitening process. Fourteen human tooth enamel fragments, with a mean thickness of 0.96 mm (± 0.3 mm), were subjected to a bleaching agent (10% carbamide peroxide) 8 hours per day for 28 days. The enamel fragment translucency was measured by a computer controlled spectrophotometer before and after the bleaching agent applications in accordance with ANSI Z80.3-1986 - American National Standard for Ophthalmics - nonprescription sunglasses and fashion eyewear-requirements. The measurements were statistically compared by the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test. A decrease was observed in the translucency of all specimens and, consequently, there was a decrease in transmittance values for all samples. It was observed that the bleaching procedure significantly changes the enamel translucency, making it more opaque

Microhardness assessment of different commercial brands of resin composites with different degrees of translucence

Owing to improvements in its mechanical properties and to the availability of shade and translucence resources, resin composite has become one of the most widely used restorative materials in present day Dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the surface hardness of seven different commercial brands of resin composites (Charisma, Fill Magic, Master Fill, Natural Look, Opallis, Tetric Ceram, and Z250) and the different degrees of translucence (translucid, enamel and dentin). Vickers microhardness testing revealed significant differences among the groups. Z250 was the commercial brand that showed the best performance in the hardness test. When comparing the three groups assessed within the same brand, only Master Fill and Fill Magic presented statistically significant differences among all of the different translucencies. Natural Look was the only one that showed no significant difference among any of the three groups. Charisma, Opallis, Tetric Ceram and Z250 showed significant differences among some of the tested groups. Based on the results found in this study, it was not possible to establish a relation between translucence and the microhardness of the resin composites assessed. Depending on the material assessed, however, translucence variation did affect the microhardness values of the resin composites

Clinical success of restorations with bioactive and non-bioactive materials: Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis

The oral cavity is a complex and dynamic environment with frequent pH and temperature changes that can affect the longevity of dental restorations. Consequently, bioactive restorative materials, capable of advantageous interactions with the oral environment and dental tissues, are promising alternatives. However, there is limited scientific evidence of their clinical performance. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical studies to address the research question: Does the clinical evaluation of restorations on permanent teeth with bioactive materials show greater success rates than those with non-bioactive materials

Effect of different artificial aging protocolson fluorescence of resin composites

This study evaluated the effect of different artificial aging on fluorescence of resin composites. Forty-fivecylindrical specimens (6mm in diameter and 1mm thick) were made of each resin composite: IPS EmpressDirect, Filtek™ Z350 XT, and Durafill. A baseline measurement of fluorescence by the direct method usingthe fluorescence spectrophotometer RF-5301 PC was performed. After, resin specimens were divided into 3groups according to artificial aging protocol to be submitted: (1) aging by mechanical brushing: 30,000cycles were performed, with fluorescence measurements after 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000 cycles; (2)chemical aging by ethanol: the samples were immersed in ethanol for 15 days, with measurements after 5, 10and 15 days of immersion; (3) light aging: resin specimens were subjected to UV radiation for 216h withfluorescence readings after 72, 144, 216h. Data were submitted to one-way repeated measures ANOVA andTukey’s test (α=0.05). Baseline fluorescence of the tested resins was ranked in this ascending order: Durafill Filtek Z350 XT IPS Empress Direct. Simulated toothbrushing and ethanol immersion reduced fluorescence,except for Z350 XT. For light exposition, fluorescence was reduced after 100h for Empress Direct andDurafill, while a reduction after 100h and 200h was detected for Z350 XT. Artificial aging protocolsinfluenced the fluorescence and that this phenomenon is material dependent. In general, the fluorescence isreduced with aging.Keywords: composite resin, aging, fluorescence

Influence of cavosurface angle on the stress concentration and gaps formation in class V resin composite restorations

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of cavosurface angle on stress concentration and gap formation in class V restorations. Cylindrical cavities 3 mm in diameter were prepared in forty-five bovine incisors, changing only the angle of the bur in relation to the flat surface of the tooth. The cavities maintained the same volume (17.67 mm³). The samples were divided according to the cavosurface angle, into three groups (n = 15): 90°, 120°, 135°. After adhesive application (Futurabond U, VOCO), the cavity was filled with bulk placement of a resin composite (GrandioSO, VOCO). The teeth were analyzed with stereomicroscopy. Data of marginal gap formation were statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey tests (significance level: α = 0.05). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to study residual stress in these geometries and to correlate those stresses with experimentally measured gap formation. The elastic modulus and polymerization shrinkage were determined for FEA. Residual shrinkage stresses were expressed in maximum principal stress (MPS). There was a significant difference in the gap formation among the groups (p = 0.001). A significantly lower marginal gap formation was found for 120° and 135° angles, with no significant difference between them. The cavosurface angle at 90° caused substantially higher stresses, in the restoration interface, with greater marginal gap. For the 120° and 135° angles, the stress concentrations were smaller and were located in the dental structure. The cavosurface angle influenced the marginal gap formation and stress concentration

Polymerization shrinkage stresses in different restorative techniques for non-carious cervical lesions

Objective This study evaluated the effect of different restorative techniques for non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) on polymerization shrinkage stress of resins using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). Methods 3D-models of a maxillary premolar with a NCCL restored with different filling techniques (bulk filling and incremental) were generated to be compared by nonlinear FEA. The bulk filling technique was used for groups B (NCCL restored with Filtek™ Bulk Fill) and C (Filtek™ Z350 XT). The incremental technique was subdivided according to mode of application: P (2 parallel increments of the Filtek™ Z350 XT), OI (2 oblique increments of the Filtek™ Z350 XT, with incisal first), OIV (2 oblique increments of the Filtek™ Z350 XT, with incisal first and increments with the same volume), OG (2 oblique increments of the Filtek™ Z350 XT, with gingival first) and OGV (2 oblique increments of the Filtek™ Z350 XT, with gingival first and increments with the same volume), resulting in 7 models. All materials were considered isotropic, elastic and linear. The results were expressed in maximum principal stress (MPS). Results The tension stress distribution was influenced by the restorative technique. The lowest stress concentration occurred in group B followed by OG, OGV, OI, OIV, P and C; the incisal interface was more affected than the gingival. Conclusion The restoration of NCCLs with bulk fill composite resulted in lower shrinkage stress in the gingival and incisal areas, followed by incremental techniques with the initial increment placed on the gingival wall. Clinical significance The non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) restored with bulk fill composite have a more favorable biomechanical behavior

Influência da adição de surfactantes a géis clareadores à base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% e peróxido de carbamida a 10% na efetividade do clareamento dental: estudo in vitro

Este estudo avaliou a influência da adição de diferentes tipos de surfactantes na efetividade de géis clareadores a base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% (PH) e peróxido de carbamida a 10% (PC), durante o processo de clareamento, através da análise da cor dos elementos dentais. Foram utilizados cento e quarenta dentes bovinos, os quais foram escurecidos através da imersão em solução de café solúvel, vinho tinto e fumo, por uma semana. Terminado o processo de escurecimento, foi delimitada uma área de leitura da cor e realizada a leitura inicial, através do espectrofotômetro Easy Shade. Os espécimes foram divididos em sete grupos: a) controle negativo (CN); b) controle positivo para PH (CP-35); c) PH + Tween 20 (T20-35); d) PH + lauril sulfato de sódio (LSS-35); e) controle positivo para PC (CP-10); f) PC + Tween 20 (T20-10); g) PC + lauril sulfato de sódio (LSS-10). O grupo CN foi mantido em saliva artificial por 21 dias. Os grupos CP-35, T20-35 e LSS 35 receberam 3 aplicações de gel clareador por 10 minutos e após 7 dias repetiu-se o processo. Os grupos CP-10, T20-10 e LSS-10 receberam o gel 8 horas por dia por 14 dias. A cor dos espécimes foi lida após a primeira e segunda sessão para os grupos com PH, e após 7 e 14 dias para os grupos com PC. Todos os espécimes tiveram sua cor medida uma semana após o término do clareamento. Os testes de análise de variância e Tukey mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes para os parâmetros de L, a, b e E dos géis de PH com surfactante para o gel CP-35. Concluiu-se que a adição de surfactantes ao gel clareador a base de PH aumentou a efetividade do clareamento...This study evaluated the influence of the addition of different types of surfactants in the effectiveness of 35% hydrogen peroxide and 10% carbamide peroxide agents, during the bleaching process, through the color analysis of the dental elements. One hundred and forty bovine teeth had been used, which had been darkened through the immersion in coffee solution, red wine and tobacco, for one week. Finished the darkened process, an area of color reading was delimited and the initial measurement of the color was carried through Easy Shade spectrophotometer. The specimens had been divided in seven groups: a) the negative control (CN); b) positive control for PH (CP-35); c) PH + Tween 20 (T20-35); d) PH + lauril sodium sulphate (LSS-35); e) positive control for PC (CP-10); f) PC + Tween 20 (T20-10); g) PC + lauril sodium sulphate (LSS-10). Group CN was kept in artificial saliva for 21 days. Groups CP-35, T20-35 and LSS 35 had received 3 applications from bleaching agents for 10 minutes and after 7 days the process was repeated. Groups CP-10, T20-10 and LSS-10 had received the bleaching agents 8 hours for day for 14 days. The color of specimens was measured after first and second session for the groups with PH, and after 7 and 14 days for the groups with PC. All the specimens had its measured color one week after the finished of the bleaching. The tests of analysis of variance and Tukey had shown significant differences for the parameters of L, a, b and E of the PH agents with surfactants for the CP-35. It was concluded that the addition of surfactants to the 35% PH bleaching agents increased the effectiveness of the dental bleaching.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES

Influence of surfactants on the effectiveness of bleaching gels

This study evaluated the influence of surfactants on the effectiveness of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) and 10% carbamide peroxide (CP) bleaching gels. One hundred and forty bovine teeth were used, which were stained by immersion in a coffee, red wine, and tobacco mixture for 7 days. At the end of this process, the color measurement at baseline was taken with the Vita Easyshade spectrophotometer. The teeth were divided into seven groups: (a) negative control (NC), (b) positive control for HP (PC-35), (c) HP + Tween 20 (T20-35), (d) HP + laurel sodium sulfate (LSS-35), (e) positive control for CP (PC-10), (f) CP + Tween 20 (T20-10), and (g) CP + laurel sodium sulfate (LSS-10). Group NC was kept in artificial saliva for 21 days. Groups PC-35, T20-35, and LSS 35 received three applications of bleaching gel for 10 min; the process was repeated after 7 days. Groups PC-10, T20-10, and LSS-10 received the gel for 8 h per day for 14 days. After the bleaching process, the final color was measured. The analysis of variance and Tukey tests showed statistically significant differences for the parameters of a dagger L, a dagger b, and a dagger E of the HP gels with surfactant and positive control group (PC-35). Within the limits of this in vitro study, the addition of surfactants to HP bleaching gel increased the bleaching effectiveness