Hydrogeochemistry of geothermal resources in the eastern part of Turkey: A case study, Varto Region

World Geothermal Congress 2010, 25-29 April 2010 Bali, IndonesiaVarto, in the eastern part of Turkey, is settled around the conjunction point of the East Anatolian (EAF) and North Anatolian (NAF) Fault zones. The border of these tectonic zones constitutes seismic belts marked by young volcanic associations and active faults, the latter allowing circulation of waters as well as heat. For this reason, there are various geothermal systems having several hot water springs in the region. The distribution of hot water springs in the Varto Region roughly parallels the distribution of the fault systems and young volcanism. Samples from five hot water and two mineral water springs together with cold (peripheral) waters were collected. Hot water samples were assessed through geothermometers in terms of geothermal usage opportunities

High arsenic levels in water resources Resulting from geogenic resources: A case study from Muratlar Region, NW Turkey

39th IAH Congress, 16 -21 September 2012, Niagara Falls, CanadaA large number of the studies on arsenic (As) in groundwater have been carried out over the last decades and a high concentration of this element has been identified in different parts of world. Muratlar Region in the northwest of Turkey is one such area having complex geology of widespread volcanic succession with active tectonics and geothermal fluids. This natural setting serves as a suitable environment for the presence of high levels of arsenic in groundwater in Muratlar Region. Arsenic was determined to be presented in water samples taken from wate resources in the Muratlar Region during 2009-2010. High concentrations of arsenic were seen in the east of Muratlar Region, where densely settled argillic alteration outcrops were present. The maximum As concentration was 150 ppb. Chemical analyses revealed that arsenic was exceeding the maximum allowable limits depicted in the national and international standards for drinking water quality. The main reason for obtaining high arsenic concentrations is related to longer retention times of water resources in altered (argillic, silicification) volcanic rocks. Water-rock interaction is an important mechanism in determining the overall quality pattern of groundwater resources in this region

Experimental Investigation of Various Type Absorber Plates for Solar

In this study, four different types’ absorber plates were designed and compared of their energetic performances. These absorber plates were formed as a flat plate (Type I), V-shaped (Type II), wedge-shaped (Type III) and wavy-shaped (Type IV). Each type absorber plate was manufactured in both aluminum (Al) and copper (Cu) materials. Energy efficiencies of the heaters were investigated with airflow velocities of 2, 3 and 4 m s-1 experimentally and compared with each other. The results showed that efficiency of the heater with the copper absorber plate better than aluminum plate however, the resulting air temperature from heater with aluminum absorber plate higher than cooper plate. The experimental results have shown that Type IV and Type II achieved the highest energy efficiency, respectively

Drying of Strawberries with Infrared Dryer

Abstract In this study, two strawberries varieties (Camarosa and Festival) were dried with infrared energy. Drying time and drying rate were examined. Samples were separated into four pieces. Separated pieces were dried at working temperatures of 60, 70 and 80°C by a laboratory scale infrared dryer. Drying process was completed 508, 280 and 246 min for Camarosa variety and 536, 304 and 290 min for festival varieties at drying temperatures of 60, 70 and 80°C, respectively. Drying time was affected by drying temperature. Drying time of Camarosa variety was longer than festival variety. Drying rate was effected by drying temperature and the highest drying rate was determined at the drying temperature of 80°C. The highest amounts of total phenolics for both varieties were obtained at drying temperature of 80°C. The lowest titratable acidity for both varieties was obtained at drying temperature of 80°C

Effects of ripening stages and storage durations on resistance parameters of beef type tomatoes: part 1: spring period

Following the harvest, agricultural products are subjected various negative impacts throughout the way to consumers. Mechanical damages such as color darkening, abrasion, cuts or punctures over the fruit surface are irreversible damages and such damages ultimately end up with significant quality and economic losses. In modern production systems, only a certain portion of the products directly reach from producer to consumers. Majority of these products are subjected to mechanical damages through crush, squeeze, vibration and similar impacts during the harvest and postharvest processes. In this study, Tybeef tomato cultivar grown over the experimental greenhouses of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute (BATEM) (control) and 14-193 and 14-206 coded candidate cultivars developed through breeding programs of BATEM were used as the plant material. Resistance parameters of tomato cultivars were determined at 4 different ripening stages (green, turning, pink and red) and 4 different storage durations (4, 8, 12 and 16 days). Resistance parameters decreased with the progress of ripening and storage durations. All measurements and assessments revealed that 14-193 coded candidate cultivar was prominent for resistance parameters

Using Eddy Covariance Sensors to Quantify Carbon Metabolism of Peatlands: A Case Study in Turkey

Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO2) was measured in a cool temperate peatland in northwestern Turkey on a continuous basis using eddy covariance (EC) sensors and multiple (non-)linear regression-M(N)LR-models. Our results showed that hourly NEE varied between −1.26 and 1.06 mg CO2 m−2 s−1, with a mean value of 0.11 mg CO2 m−2 s−1. Nighttime ecosystem respiration (RE) was on average measured as 0.23 ± 0.09 mg CO2 m−2 s−1. Two best-fit M(N)LR models estimated daytime RE as 0.64 ± 0.31 and 0.24 ± 0.05 mg CO2 m−2 s−1. Total RE as the sum of nighttime and daytime RE ranged from 0.47 to 0.87 mg CO2 m−2 s−1, thus yielding estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) at −0.35 ± 0.18 and −0.74 ± 0.43 mg CO2 m−2 s−1. Use of EC sensors and M(N)LR models is one of the most direct ways to quantify turbulent CO2 exchanges among the soil, vegetation and atmosphere within the atmospheric boundary layer, as well as source and sink behaviors of ecosystems

Farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarının Macar fiğ (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) çeşitlerinin çimlenme özelliklerine etkileri

This research was carried out in the Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops. It was used two Hungarian vetch cultivars (Altinova-2002 and Anadolu Pembesi-2002) and five salt concentrations (unsalted/0, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM) as treatment. In this experiment, it was estimated germination rate (%), germination index and mean germination time (day) by using germination parameters and was also measured root and shoot length (mm) and seedling fresh weight (g). Salt concentrations negatively affected evaluated features for both cultivars in the final of this research. As the salt concentrations increased, all investigated properties except mean germination time were observed to decrease. In terms of germination rate, germination index, root and shoot length and seedling fresh weight between cultivars, Altionva-2002 cultivar gave higher value than Anadolu Pembesi-2002 cultivar. When we examined Cultivar x dose interactions, all properties were most affected adverse in the Anadolu Pembesi x 200 mM interaction This research clearly showed that the cultivation of Hungarian vetches of Anadolu Pembesi and Altınova-2002 will be affected in the soil that has been exposed to the problem of salinity.Bu araştırma Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada iki adet Macar fiği çeşidi (Altınova-2002 ve Anadolu Pembesi-2002) ve 5 adet tuz konsantrasyonu (kontrol, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM ve 200 mM) uygulama olarak kullanılmıştır. Uygulamalar sonucunda; çimlenme oranı, çimlenme indeksi ve ortalama çimlenme süresi hesaplamıştır. Ayrıca radikula ve plumula uzunlukları ile fide yaş ağırlıkları ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, tuz konsantrasyonları değerlendirilen tüm özellikleri olumsuz etkilemiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça ortalama çimlenme süresi dışında tüm özelliklerin ölçülen değerlerinin azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında çimlenme oranı, çimlenme indeksi, radikula ve plumula uzunluğu ve fide yaş ağırlığı özellikleri açısından, Altınova-2002 çeşidi Anadolu Pembesi-2002 çeşidinden daha toleranslı bulunmuştur. Çeşit x Doz interaksiyonları değerlendirildiğinde, tüm özellikler en fazla Anadolu Pembesi x 200 mM interaksiyonunda negatif yönde etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışma, tuzluluk problemi ile karşı karşıya kalmış topraklarda Macar fiğ tarımında Altınova-2002 ve Anadolu Pembesi çeşitlerinin olumsuz etkileneceğini açık bir şekilde göstermiştir

Farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarının Macar Fiğ (Vicia pannonica Crantz.) çeşitlerinin çimlenme özelliklerine etkileri

This research was carried out in the Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops. It was used two Hungarian vetch cultivars (Altinova-2002 and Anadolu Pembesi-2002) and five salt concentrations (unsalted/0, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM, 200 mM) as treatment. In this experiment, it was estimated germination rate (%), germination index and mean germination time (day) by using germination parameters and was also measured root and shoot length (mm) and seedling fresh weight (g). Salt concentrations negatively affected evaluated features for both cultivars in the final of this research. As the salt concentrations increased, all investigated properties except mean germination time were observed to decrease. In terms of germination rate, germination index, root and shoot length and seedling fresh weight between cultivars, Altionva-2002 cultivar gave higher value than Anadolu Pembesi-2002 cultivar. When we examined Cultivar x dose interactions, all properties were most affected adverse in the Anadolu Pembesi x 200 mM interaction This research clearly showed that the cultivation of ungarian vetches of Anadolu Pembesi and Altınova-2002 will be affected in the soil that has been exposed to the problem of salinity.Bu araştırma Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümünde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada iki adet Macar fiği çeşidi (Altınova-2002 ve Anadolu Pembesi-2002) ve 5 adet tuz konsantrasyonu (kontrol, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM ve 200 mM) uygulama olarak kullanılmıştır. Uygulamalar sonucunda; çimlenme oranı, çimlenme indeksi ve ortalama çimlenme süresi hesaplamıştır. Ayrıca radikula ve plumula uzunlukları ile fide yaş ağırlıkları ölçülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, tuz konsantrasyonları değerlendirilen tüm özellikleri olumsuz etkilemiştir. Tuz konsantrasyonu arttıkça ortalama çimlenme süresi dışında tüm özelliklerin ölçülen değerlerinin azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çeşitler arasında çimlenme oranı, çimlenme indeksi, radikula ve plumula uzunluğu ve fide yaş ağırlığı özellikleri açısından, Altınova-2002 çeşidi Anadolu Pembesi-2002 çeşidinden daha toleranslı bulunmuştur. Çeşit x Doz interaksiyonları değerlendirildiğinde, tüm özellikler en fazla Anadolu Pembesi x 200 mM interaksiyonunda negatif yönde etkilenmiştir. Bu çalışma, tuzluluk problemi ile karşı karşıya kalmış topraklarda Macar fiğ tarımında Altınova-2002 ve Anadolu Pembesi çeşitlerinin olumsuz etkileneceğini açık bir şekilde göstermiştir

Vacuum Drying Kinetics of Barbunya Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. elipticus Mart.)

Vacuum drying characteristics of barbunya bean (P. vulgaris L. elipticus Mart) were investigated in a laboratory scale vacuum dryer for a temperature range of 50-80 degrees C at constant vacuum pressure of 50 kPa. Results indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period.. Six mathematical models were fitted to the experimental data; these were the Newton, Page, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Wang and Singh, and approximation of diffusion models. Comparison of the coefficient of determination (R-2), root mean square error (RMSE) and reduced chi-square (chi(2)) between the observed and the predicted moisture ratios showed that the Logarithmic model gave the best results for describing single layer drying of barbunya beans. The effect of temperature on Logarithmic model constants and coefficients were also evaluated. Moisture transfer from barbunya was described by applying the Fick's diffusion model and the effective diffusivity was calculated. Effective diffusivity increased with increasing temperature. An Arrhenius relation with an activation energy value of 14.73 kJ mol(-1) expressed the effect of temperature on the diffusivity.Nemik Kemal and Akdeniz University Project Administration UnitsAkdeniz UniversityWe thank the Nemik Kemal and Akdeniz University Project Administration Units for their support