Örgütlenme Gereksinimi ve Önemi

The increase in the quantity and variety of people’s needs may make it difficult to attain these needs. This difficulty can be overcome by forming organizations. In order to achieve their needs, people should be not only talented and right but also strong. Forming civil organizations may help people to express themselves better and more efficiently. In our age where the works and procedures of establishments and foundations have increased, civil organizations can serve their members by protecting their social and economic rights and improving the conditions for them. They can also address their members’ professional and psychological needs. Forming an organization is vital not only for individuals but also for administrators. Civil organizations have invaluable contributions to achieving individual and institutional goals cooperatively and collaboratively.Birlikte yaşanırken ihtiyaçların miktarı ve çeşitliliğinin artması bunların elde edilmesini de güçleştirebilmektedir. Bu güçlük, birliktelikler oluşturularak aşılabilmektedir. İnsanların ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmeleri için yetenekli ve haklı olmaları yetmemekte, güçlü de olmaları gerekmektedir. Bireyler kurdukları sivil örgütler aracılığıyla kendilerini daha bilinçli ve yeterince ifade edebilmektedirler. Kurum ve kuruluşların iş ve işlemlerinin arttığı ve çeşitlendiği bu çağda sivil organizasyonlar, üyelerinin sosyal ve ekonomik haklarını korumaya ve geliştirmeye çalışırken mesleki eğitimlerine ve psikolojik gereksinimlerine de hizmetler üretebilmektedir. Örgütlenme, birey için olduğu kadar yönetimi elinde bulunduranlar açısından da bir gerekliliktir. Bireysel ve örgütsel amaçlara birlikte ve eşgüdüm içinde ulaşılmasında sivil örgütlerin önemli katkıları bulunmaktadır

Okul Yöneticilerinin Yönetimde Cinsiyet Faktörüne İlişkin Görüşleri

There is no official legal obstacle hindering women to take part in administrative work in Turkey. Similarly, there is no opposition to female principals individually. The only obstacle is the traditional social and cultural structure and attitudes that prevent women from entering administrative duties. Women have been directed to the jobs related to health, education and art rather than as principals due to psychological, social and organizational reasons. However, there has been no resistance to women administrators in Turkey. The main obstacles are that administration requires working overtime, and required to be a housewife and be responsible for the extra hours at work means they will not choose to be a principal. Hence, most of the time, only men apply for such positions. The number of women has advanced slightly to management positions in schools as it is in every occupation.Türkiye’de eğitim sektöründe bayanların yöneticiliği için yasal bir engel yoktur. Bireysel olarak da bayanların yöneticiliğine karşıtlık bulunmamaktadır. Temelde geleneksel, sosyal ve kültürel yapı ve anlayışlar, bayanların yöneticiliğe yönelmelerinin engelini oluşturmaktadır. Psikolojik, sosyolojik ve örgütsel nedenlerle, kadınlar yöneticilikten çok, sosyal, sanatsal ve sağlıkla ilgili mesleklere yönelmektedirler. Yöneticiliğin fazla mesai gerektirmesi, bayanların ev ve okul işlerini birlikte yüklenmek zorunda olması ve üst yöneticilerin erkek yöneticilerle çalışmayı tercih etmeleri temel engellerdendir. Ancak kadınların sayısı her meslekte olduğu gibi yöneticilikte de gelişme eğilimi göstermektedir. Kadınlar daha çok eğitim aldıkça iş yaşamında daha aktif rol almaya başlamaktadırlar

Expanding the Concept of Aura in the Frame of Art Ontology Through Neurophilosophy, Stages of Human Thought, and Peak Experiences

This article expands on the concept of aura, within the frame of art ontology, and based on neurophilosophy, the stages of human thought, and peak experiences. Aura, generally signifying the subjective value of a work of art, is in this work associated with peak experiences and neurobiological impacts. In this context, the concept of aura involves an effort to understand the effects that a work of art has on the viewer and how these effects form a peak experience. This study investigates how aura and peak experiences have changed and evolved in different cultural and historical contexts, considering the stages of human thought. In the end, the thesis presents a broader definition of the concept of aura; stating that aura shows variability according to conditions, periods, and spaces, and it is a concept that enables the subject to reach peak experiences

First Report of a Case with Needle Track Sinus after Aspiration Biopsy of a Benign Thyroid Nodule Resulted in an Unexpected Postoperative Complication

Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the most feasible, safe, and accurate diagnostic tool for thyroid nodule diagnosis. The development of a sinus tract between thyroid gland and the skin through needle tract after fine needle aspiration biopsy is an extremely uncommon phenomenon. In this paper, a 71-year-old man presenting with a swelling and discharge on the anterior neck wall was reported. Similar complaints were present 15 to 20 days after fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid gland four years ago. Bilateral total thyroidectomy was performed considering a thyroid malignancy infiltrating the skin. Histopathologic examination confirmed a sinus tract between the thyroid gland and skin and thyroid nodule was benign in nature. It must be kept in mind that inflammatory reactions might also occur after fine needle aspiration biopsy of benign thyroid nodules. In patients with needle biopsy-related inflammation, surgery may be delayed until the inflammation subsides

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Fine needle aspiration biopsy is the most feasible, safe, and accurate diagnostic tool for thyroid nodule diagnosis. The development of a sinus tract between thyroid gland and the skin through needle tract after fine needle aspiration biopsy is an extremely uncommon phenomenon. In this paper, a 71-year-old man presenting with a swelling and discharge on the anterior neck wall was reported. Similar complaints were present 15 to 20 days after fine needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid gland four years ago. Bilateral total thyroidectomy was performed considering a thyroid malignancy infiltrating the skin. Histopathologic examination confirmed a sinus tract between the thyroid gland and skin and thyroid nodule was benign in nature. It must be kept in mind that inflammatory reactions might also occur after fine needle aspiration biopsy of benign thyroid nodules. In patients with needle biopsy-related inflammation, surgery may be delayed until the inflammation subsides

Investigation of groundwater recharges mechanism in Alasehir plain: From physical characterization to modelling

IWA 2nd Regional Symposium on water, wastewater and environment, 22-24 March 2017, Cesme, İzmirCharacteristics of aquifer that allows the flow of groundwater, recharge and discharge mechanism effect the available groundwater potential. In order to determine the available potential of groundwater, the budget components are the most important parameters. In general, different analogical methods are applied in different countries, instead of using measurable data. Determination of the groundwater recharge is the most difficult parameter to be measured among the hydrological budget parameters. In general, the analogical methods are insufficient to determine the groundwater recharge rate. Precipitation, evaporation-transportation and runoff can be measured from the surface meteorological station. However, estimation of groundwater recharge cannot be measured directly. At the moment of climate change, visualization of the spatial distribution of the groundwater recharge estimation and mapping are needed. Therefore, improvements of easy groundwater recharge techniques are very important tools for groundwater basins to develop the water management planning.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), project no. 115Y06

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Leadership Behaviors of Teachers in Classroom and School

Leadership is clearly becoming a more and more significant part of a teacher’s professional life. This research was carried out in order to determine the leadership behaviours of teachers in schools. The data related to the research problem had been collected by literature review and interviews. The questionnaires were distributed to 25 school principals and 65 teachers working at primary and secondary schools in three cities of Turkey. Having accepted the interview, 10 principals and 20 teachers were interviewed face-to-face in their schools. The answers were controlled one by one and the thoughts shared by majority of the participants were added to the findings. It is stated that teachers working at primary and secondary schools show the leadership behaviours and roles such as determining the goals, encouraging voluntary study and task, developing trust and vision, and determination at an “intermediate” level. Similarly, teachers also perceive themselves in accordance with the ideas of the managers. In this research, the willingness of teachers to educate and develop themselves are found at a high level, yet their behaviours are found insufficient. Teacher meetings, student club studies, celebration activities and parents’ assemblies are among the activities which teachers participate in at the school level. The programs of teacher training are required to be revised again and in this context teacher leadership concept and understanding are required to be reflected to the programs. In this context, activities supporting learning, development and enterprising should be organized and encouraged in classroom and schoo

Obstacles for Teachers to Participate in Organizations Effectively

Civil organizations, while trying to save and develop their member's social and economic rights they also produce service about their occupational education and psychological needs. To be organized, is a necessity not only person but also people who hold administration. In this research, which is aimed to search obstacles for teachers to participate in organizations effectively, survey method was used and the thoughts of teachers and managers in Kayseri were asked. According to the results, teachers and managers who are working cannot participate occasional and civilian organizations effectively. Generally, teachers and managers hasn't got enough conscious of occasional and civilian organizations and also they think that being a member of an organization can be seen as being close to a political movement. Also, they share the idea that supports organizations cannot solve occasional problems and there isn't enough safety atmosphere to have organizational thoughts and movements. It is seen that just like all the other administrative and occasional movements, organizational movements also need safety atmosphere. They share the doubt that in the previous years there was lots of negative experiences for the organizational movements and also not having modern organizations which give the right of strike and collective agreement is a problem for them. It is necessary for the government to understand the meaning and importance of organizations and try to solve the problems of especially modern organizations, to support legal civilian attacks and organizational movements