Managing induced tourism image: Relational patterns and the life cycle

The tourism image is an element that conditions the competitiveness of tourism destinations by making them stand out in the minds of tourists. In this context, marketers of tourism destinations endeavour to create an induced image based on their identity and distinctive characteristics.A number of authors have also recognized the complexity of tourism destinations and the need for coordination and cooperation among all tourism agents, in order to supply a satisfactory tourist product and be competitive in the tourism market. Therefore, tourism agents at the destination need to develop and integrate strategic marketing plans.The aim of this paper is to determine how cities of similar cultures use their resources with the purpose of developing a distinctive induced tourism image to attract tourists and the extent of coordination and cooperation among the various tourism agents of a destination in the process of induced image creation.In order to accomplish these aims, a comparative analysis of the induced image of two cultural cities is presented, Girona (Spain) and Perpignan (France). The induced image is assessed through the content analysis of promotional brochures and the extent of cooperation with in-depth interviews of the main tourism agents of these destinations.Despite the similarities of both cities in terms of tourism resources, results show the use of different attributes to configure the induced image of each destination, as well as a different configuration of the network of tourism agents that participate in the process of induced image creation

An Analysis of First Time and Repeat-Visitor Destination Images through the Prism of the Three Factor Theory of Consumer Satisfaction

The study examines first time and repeat visitor primary destination images through the prism of the factor theory of consumer satisfaction to expose the positive-negative asymmetry of their relationship with overall visitor satisfaction and word-of-mouth recommendation, and the differential impact of factor type on first time visitors and repeaters. It also subdivides repeat visitors on the basis of revisit frequency to reveal significant differences between repeater subgroups and between first time visitors and high frequency repeaters, which have been overlooked in previous research. Combining this theoretical approach with the examination of repeater heterogeneity has revealed the criticality of the destination's basic and performance factors; the former are potentially critical constraints on re-visitation for the large majority of visitors, while many of the latter have a positive impact on satisfaction and visitor recommendation but also have a disproportionately greater negative impact when their performance is poor. Recommendations are made for the management and marketing of the destination's image attributes in line with first time visitor and repeater requirements

Comparison of direct and indirect models of early induced acute lung injury

The animal experimental counterpart of human acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is acute lung injury (ALI). Most models of ALI involve reproducing the clinical risk factors associated with human ARDS, such as sepsis or acid aspiration; however, none of these models fully replicates human ARDS. To compare different experimental animal models of ALI, based on direct or indirect mechanisms of lung injury, to characterize a model which more closely could reproduce the acute phase of human ARDS. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to intratracheal instillations of (1) HCl to mimic aspiration of gastric contents; (2) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mimic bacterial infection; (3) HCl followed by LPS to mimic aspiration of gastric contents with bacterial superinfection; or (4) cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce peritonitis and mimic sepsis. Rats were sacrificed 24 h after instillations or 24 h after CLP. At 24 h, rats instilled with LPS or HCl-LPS had increased lung permeability, alveolar neutrophilic recruitment and inflammatory markers (GRO/KC, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6). Rats receiving only HCl or subjected to CLP had no evidence of lung injury. Rat models of ALI induced directly by LPS or HCl-LPS more closely reproduced the acute phase of human ARDS than the CLP model of indirectly induced ALI

Image, eventscape, satisfaction and loyalty : A case study of a wine tourism event

International audienc