Plant Metabolites in Plant Defense Against Pathogens

Medicinal plants are widely used worldwide to treat various diseases. Its widespread use is due in part to the cultural acceptance of traditional medicine in different regions of the world, as well as its effectiveness in treating various diseases. Many of its active substances or secondary metabolites are formed to a response of various situations that generate stress in their habitat, such as sudden changes in environmental temperature, humidity, rain, drought, and infections by phytopathogens (fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, protozoa). The production of these secondary metabolites is a mechanism of defense of plants. In this context, the objective of this chapter is to study the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants that could have a promising application in the control of different phytopathogens in crops of agricultural and economic interest

Relación entre funcionalidad familiar, funciones ejecutivas y dopamina de adolescentes hijos de adultos adictos a la marihuana

Existen familias caracterizadas por patrones de comportamiento negativos enmarcadas por el abuso de drogas en el hogar. El consumo de drogas de los padres puede tener afecciones en el desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre la funcionalidad familiar con las funciones ejecutivas y dopamina en adolescentes hijos de adultos adictos a la marihuana. Método: estudio correlacional y aplicado de diseño metodológico clínico y comparativo, con muestra de 35 adolescentes distribuidos en dos grupos. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron FACES III, Stroop Color Word y Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt. La dopamina se midió en orina a través de la prueba ELISA. Se empleó r considerando un nivel de significancia p ≤.05. Resultados: La media de edad fue 14.11±2.53 años. La media de dopamina para el grupo de estudio fue 228.83±83.40 ng/ml y para el grupo de comparación 182.19±24.52 ng/ml. Hay correlación de -.605 con una significancia de .003 entre la dimensión de cohesión de la funcionalidad familiar y la impulsividad cognitiva. Conclusión: Hay diferencias entre los grupos, pero no existes datos estadísticamente significativos de que la funcionalidad familiar altera las funciones ejecutivas y dopamina de los adolescentes hijos de adultos adictos a la marihuana.There are families characterized by negative behavior patterns framed by drug abuse at home. Parental drug use can affect the development of executive functions. Objective: to determine the relationship between family functionality with executive functions and dopamine in adolescent children of adults addicted to marijuana. Method: Correlational and applied study of clinical and comparative methodological design, with a sample of 35 adolescents distributed in two groups. The instruments used were FACES III, Stroop Color Word and Barratt Impulsivity Scale. Dopamine was measured in urine through the ELISA test. R was used considering a level of significance p≤.05. Results: The mean age was 14.11±2.53 years. The mean dopamine for the study group was 228.83±83.40 ng/ml and for the comparison group 182.19±24.52 ng/ml. There is a correlation of -.605 with a significance of .003 between the cohesion dimension of family functionality and cognitive impulsivity. Conclusion: There are differences between the groups, but there is no statistically significant data that family functionality alters executive functions and dopamine in adolescent children of adults addicted to marijuana

Clinical Relevance of Medicinal Plants and Foods of Vegetal Origin on the Activity of Cytochrome P450

Drug metabolism is a pharmacokinetic process whose main objective is to modify the chemical structure of drugs to easily excretable compounds. This process is carried out through phase I and phase II reactions. The enzymes of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) participate in phase I reactions, and their activity can be inhibited or induced by xenobiotics. The aim of this chapter is to study the clinical relevance of the induction and inhibition of CYP450, by describing the effect that some bioactive compounds present in medicinal plants or foods can modify, either increasing or decreasing the activity of CYP450 enzymes and with it modify the bioavailability and depuration of drugs. Examples will be described on the interaction of medicinal plants and foods of vegetal origin that when combined with some drugs can generate toxicity or therapeutic failure; this will allow gathering relevant information on the adequate pharmacological management in different clinical situations

Measurement of resonant and CP components in ¯B0s → J/ψπ+π− decays

Structure of the decay ¯ B 0 s → J / ψ π + π − is studied using data corresponding to 3   fb − 1 of integrated luminosity from p p collisions produced by the LHC and collected by the LHCb detector. Five interfering π + π − states are required to describe the decay: f 0 ( 980 ) , f 0 ( 1500 ) , f 0 ( 1790 ) , f 2 ( 1270 ) , and f ′ 2 ( 1525 ) . An alternative model including these states and a nonresonant J / ψ π + π − component also provides a good description of the data. Based on the different transversity components measured for the spin-2 intermediate states, the final state is found to be compatible with being entirely C P odd. The C P -even part is found to be < 2.3 % at a 95% confidence level. The f 0 ( 500 ) state is not observed, allowing a limit to be set on the absolute value of the mixing angle with the f 0 ( 980 ) of < 7. 7 ∘ at a 90% confidence level, consistent with a tetraquark interpretation of the f 0 ( 980 ) substructure

First measurement of time-dependent CP violation in B0s→K+K− decays

Direct and mixing-induced CP-violating asymmetries in B0s→K+K− decays are measured for the first time using a data sample of pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The results are C KK  = 0.14 ± 0.11 ± 0.03 and S KK  = 0.30 ± 0.12 ± 0.04, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The corresponding quantities are also determined for B 0 → π + π − decays to be C ππ  = −0.38 ± 0.15 ± 0.02 and S ππ  = −0.71 ± 0.13 ± 0.02, in good agreement with existing measurements

Study of B0(s)→K0Sh+h′− decays with first observation of B0s→K0SK±π∓ and B0s→K0Sπ+π

A search for charmless three-body decays of B 0 and B0s mesons with a K0S meson in the final state is performed using the pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded by the LHCb experiment. Branching fractions of the B0(s)→K0Sh+h′− decay modes (h (′) = π, K), relative to the well measured B0→K0Sπ+π− decay, are obtained. First observation of the decay modes B0s→K0SK±π∓ and B0s→K0Sπ+π− and confirmation of the decay B0→K0SK±π∓ are reported. The following relative branching fraction measurements or limits are obtained $ B(B0→K0SK±π∓)B(B0→K0Sπ+π−)=0.128±0.017(stat.)±0.009(syst.),B(B0→K0SK+K−)B(B0→K0Sπ+π−)=0.385±0.031(stat.)±0.023(syst.),B(B0s→K0Sπ+π−)B(B0→K0Sπ+π−)=0.29±0.06(stat.)±0.03(syst.)±0.02(fs/fd),B(B0s→K0SK±π∓)B(B0→K0Sπ+π−)=1.48±0.12(stat.)±0.08(syst.)±0.12(fs/fd)B(B0s→K0SK+K−)B(B0→K0Sπ+π−)∈[0.004;0.068]at90%CL

Studies of beauty baryon decays to D0ph− and Λ+ch− final states

Decays of beauty baryons to the D 0 p h − and Λ + c h − final states (where h indicates a pion or a kaon) are studied using a data sample of p p collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0     fb − 1 , collected by the LHCb detector. The Cabibbo-suppressed decays Λ 0 b → D 0 p K − and Λ 0 b → Λ + c K − are observed, and their branching fractions are measured with respect to the decays Λ 0 b → D 0 p π − and Λ 0 b → Λ + c π − . In addition, the first observation is reported of the decay of the neutral beauty-strange baryon Ξ 0 b to the D 0 p K − final state, and a measurement of the Ξ 0 b mass is performed. Evidence of the Ξ 0 b → Λ + c K − decay is also reported

Measurement of the differential branching fraction of the decay Λb0→Λμ+μ-

The differential branching fraction of the decay Λ0 b → Λμ+μ− is measured as a function of the square of the dimuon invariant mass, q2. A yield of 78 ± 12 Λ0 b → Λμ+μ− decays is observed using data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1, collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. A significant signal is found in the q2 region above the square of the J /ψ mass, while at lower-q2 values upper limits are set on the differential branching fraction. Integrating the differential branching fraction over q2, while excluding the J /ψ and ψ(2S) regions, gives a branching fraction of B(Λ0 b → Λμ+μ−) = (0.96 ± 0.16(stat) ± 0.13(syst) ± 0.21(norm)) × 10−6, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic and due to the normalisation mode, Λ0 b → J /ψΛ, respectively

Observation of the Decay B+c→B0sπ+

The result of a search for the decay B + c → B 0 s π + is presented, using the B 0 s → D − s π + and B 0 s → J / ψ ϕ channels. The analysis is based on a data sample of p p collisions collected with the LHCb detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1     fb − 1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, and 2     fb − 1 taken at 8 TeV. The decay B + c → B 0 s π + is observed with significance in excess of 5 standard deviations independently in both decay channels. The measured product of the ratio of cross sections and branching fraction is [ σ ( B + c ) / σ ( B 0 s ) ] × B ( B + c → B 0 s π + ) = [ 2.37 ± 0.31   ( stat ) ± 0.11   ( syst ) + 0.17 − 0.13 ( τ B + c ) ] × 10 − 3 , in the pseudorapidity range 2 < η ( B ) < 5 , where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is systematic, and the third is due to the uncertainty on the B + c lifetime. This is the first observation of a B meson decaying to another B meson via the weak interaction

Search for the Lepton-Flavor-Violating Decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓

A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays B 0 s → e ± μ ∓ and B 0 → e ± μ ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0     fb − 1 of p p collisions at √ s = 7     TeV , collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of B 0 s → e ± μ ∓ and B 0 → e ± μ ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B ( B 0 s → e ± μ ∓ ) 101     TeV / c 2 and M LQ ( B 0 → e ± μ ∓ ) > 126     TeV / c 2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds