Análise do uso de medicamentos e suplementos estimulantes, prescritos e não prescritos, por estudantes em uma universidade particular da cidade de Anápolis – Goiás

O uso de medicamentos e suplementos estimulantes por acadêmicos das áreas da saúde, humanas e exatas, principalmente a automedicação, se tornou uma prática comum para aliviar sintomas de estresse físico e mental. Em geral, os estudantes universitários das áreas da saúde, usam mais medicamentos que os demais e, nesses cursos, há uma alta prevalência da prática da automedicação, sendo que as classes de drogas mais utilizadas são analgésicas e anti-inflamatórias. Entretanto, essa prática pode trazer consequências negativas, como vício, overdose e efeitos adversos aos medicamentos. Esses riscos alarmantes necessitam de intervenções a fim de promover um uso de medicamentos de forma responsável e aumentar o conhecimento da população acerca dos efeitos adversos dos fármacos e dos suplementos estimulantes. E isso sugere que o uso indevido de medicamentos por acadêmicos é um processo comum e requer atenção de profissionais e educadores.  Dessa forma, o objetivo central do trabalho é verificar a utilização de medicamentos e suplementos estimulantes entre os estudantes de uma Universidade Particular de Anápolis – Goiás. Para isso, será feito um estudo observacional, analítico e transversal por meio da aplicação de questionário aos alunos, de todos os períodos, dos cursos de Medicina, Odontologia, Direito, Psicologia, Engenharia de Software e Agronomia, sendo que a coleta de dados será realizada através dos formulários impressos ou online. Por fim, será possível avaliar a prevalência do uso de medicamentos e suplementos estimulantes entre os estudantes, por automedicação e por prescrição, para a melhoria do desenvolvimento acadêmico

Relato de experiência da ação do projeto de extensão aprenda a salvar uma vida em Senador Canedo

Urge o alto índice de mortes por parada cardiopulmonar e a incapacidade da população leiga de lidar com esses casos. Nesse cenário, foi executada uma ação no município de Senador Canedo que visava capacitar os acadêmicos para manejo e realização de reanimação cardiopulmonar (RCP) somente com as mãos e manobras de desengasgo. Com isso, busca-se relatar uma das ações realizada no município de Senador Canedo (há 58 Km de Anápolis, cidade sede do ASV; no dia 20 de Abril de 2022) pelo projeto de extensão do curso de medicina da UniEvangélica - Aprenda A Salvar uma Vida, que visa disseminar o conhecimento acerca de RCP. Nesse contexto, foram selecionados 15 monitores de suporte básico de vida do ASV para ensinar os estudantes através do uso de manequins de simulação certificados pela American Heart Association (AHA). Ademais, o projeto foi realizado com uma população de 150 pessoas, as quais foram divididas em 3 estações, compostas por: RCP adulto, desengasgo no bebê e desengasgo no adulto. Dessa forma, percebeu-se na experiência um alto interesse e capacidade de realização das manobras ensinadas por parte dos participantes, que avaliaram a organização da oficina e conhecimento absorvido em um questionário. Diante disso, objetiva-se relatar uma das ações realizada no município de Senador Canedo pelo projeto de extensão do curso de medicina da UniEvangélica - Aprenda A Salvar uma Vida, que visa cumprir essa obrigação para com a população leiga, e disseminar o conhecimento acerca de RCP

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019. Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019

Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

É possível identificar fatores associados à menarca precoce em crianças? Uma revisão integrativa

A menarca precoce é caracterizada como um sangramento vaginal antes da idade dos 8 anos, que não é acompanhada de sinais de puberdade ou avanço na idade óssea. Sendo uma questão de saúde pública, a comunidade médica buscou compreender os fatores que influenciam no aparecimento do primeiro fluxo menstrual na população mundial. Nessa perspectiva, a presente análise trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura que tem como objetivo identificar e analisar quais são as principais causas e as possíveis consequências desses fatores no dia a dia dessa parte da população. Foram utilizados 20 artigos, baseados na questão norteadora: “Quais são os fatores associados ao aparecimento da menarca precoce em crianças? ”, colhidos em duas bases de dados, sendo elas a Pubmed U. S. National library of medicine (NLM) e a ScienceDirect, que foram identificados por meio dos descritores “menarca”, “criança”, “menarche” e “children”. Foi constatado que a menarca precoce está relacionada a diversos fatores, tendo como maior influência o aumento do IMC, seguido por alterações antropométricas, níveis socioeconômicos, desenvolvimento das mamas e fatores genéticos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo concluiu que existem diversas causas que influenciam na primeira menstruação, sendo um tema que gera a necessidade de maiores realizações de estudos, para que haja um melhor entendimento sobre o assunto

Eficácia da vacina Pfizer e seus efeitos adversos: mini revisão integrativa de literatura

A vacinação contra uma variedade de patógenos sempre foi tópico de grande importância, porém nos últimos anos, diante da pandemia do COVID-19, foram levantadas discussões sobre a segurança e a eficácia das vacinas, o que levou várias pessoas - inclusive autoridades mundiais - a negar e temer sua aplicação. Esse estudo busca discutir e analisar esses pontos. Nessa mini revisão de literatura, foi realizada pesquisa na plataforma PubMed e foram escolhidos 5 dentre 6 dos artigos científicos encontrados (todos publicados entre os anos 2020 e 2021) sobre a vacina Comirnaty® abordando dados e seus efeitos pós aplicação tanto em relação à sua eficácia, quanto em relação a efeitos colaterais. Constatou-se que a primeira dose e a segunda dose dessa vacina, respectivamente, têm eficácia de 84% e 95% (intervalo de 3 semanas entre doses). Foi analisado durante o estudo que a vacina é efetivamente satisfatória na imunização contra o SARS-CoV-2 e pessoas que já foram infectadas pelo vírus, após a aplicação da Comirnaty®, apresentaram maior potência imunizadora do que indivíduos que nunca estiveram em contato com o vírus. Também foram discutidos efeitos colaterais dentre os quais estão: febre, dor corporal, fadiga sistêmica, anafilaxia, além de possível pancreatite e rabdomiólise - estes ainda não cientificamente comprovados porque necessitam de mais estudos e casos para correlacionar a vacina à essas comorbidades. Entretanto, observa-se que os efeitos colaterais têm maior probabilidade de afetar indivíduos após a aplicação da segunda dose da vacina quando comparado com a primeira. O estudo conclui que a vacina é satisfatória visto que efeitos colaterais mais graves apresentam probabilidade apenas de 3% de ocorrência

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã

Resumos em andamento - Educação

Resumos em andamento - Educaçã