A novel evolutionary formulation of the maximum independent set problem

We introduce a novel evolutionary formulation of the problem of finding a maximum independent set of a graph. The new formulation is based on the relationship that exists between a graph's independence number and its acyclic orientations. It views such orientations as individuals and evolves them with the aid of evolutionary operators that are very heavily based on the structure of the graph and its acyclic orientations. The resulting heuristic has been tested on some of the Second DIMACS Implementation Challenge benchmark graphs, and has been found to be competitive when compared to several of the other heuristics that have also been tested on those graphs

Biomass burning and urban air pollution over the Central Mexican Plateau

Observations during the 2006 dry season of highly elevated concentrations of cyanides in the atmosphere above Mexico City (MC) and the surrounding plains demonstrate that biomass burning (BB) significantly impacted air quality in the region. We find that during the period of our measurements, fires contribute more than half of the organic aerosol mass and submicron aerosol scattering, and one third of the enhancement in benzene, reactive nitrogen, and carbon monoxide in the outflow from the plateau. The combination of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions will affect ozone chemistry in the MC outflow

Twenty six years of wheat breeding activities at IAPAR.

The description of the IAPAR wheat breeding program in its 26 th years of existence aims at presenting its major achievements giving an idea of the program size, breeding objectives and methodology. A germplasm flow chart will show the steps by which the populations have to follow starting either from crosses or from introductions until an advanced inbred line can be evaluated and elected as a new cultivar. A list of 23 wheat cultivars released by the program along with their pedigrees is presented as a special contribution. From the recent developed cultivars, data on grain yield, agronomic characteristics, technological quality and kernel properties are presented. The pedigree description for IAPAR 53 and the development of IPR 85 are presented in some detail. New biotechnological tools to help wheat breeding become more efficient are discussed

Enraizamento de estacas de mirtilo provenientes de ramos lenhosos.

bitstream/item/31070/1/Comunicado-133.pd

Multidisciplinary approach to the management of children with female genital mutilation (FGM) or suspected FGM: service description and case series

OBJECTIVE: To describe the first dedicated clinic in the UK for children with suspected or confirmed female genital mutilation (FGM) including referral patterns, clinical findings and subsequent management. DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective study of all children seen in a dedicated multidisciplinary FGM clinic for children over a 1-year period. POPULATION: Patients aged under 18 years referred for clinical assessment or for a second opinion on Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) images. METHODS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Data were collected on reasons for referral, demography, genital examination findings including FGM type, and clinical recommendations. RESULTS: 38 children were referred of whom 18 (47%) had confirmed FGM; most frequently type 4 (61%). Social care and police referred 78% of cases. According to UK law FGM had been performed illegally in three cases. Anonymous information given to the police led to the referral of six children, none of whom had had FGM. CONCLUSIONS: Mandatory reporting and increased media attention may increase the numbers of referrals of children with suspected FGM. This patient group have complex needs and management in a dedicated multidisciplinary service is essential. Paediatricians and gynaecologists should have the skills to carry out the consultation and detect all types of FGM including type 4 which was the most common type seen in this series. This is the first dedicated FGM service for children in the UK and similar clinics in high-prevalence areas should be established

When does new particle formation not occur in the upper troposphere?

International audienceRecent aircraft studies showed that new particle formation is very active in the free troposphere and lower stratosphere. And, these observations lead to a new question: when does new particle formation not occur? Here, we provide case studies to show how convection and surface area affect new particle formation in the upper troposphere, using the measured aerosol size distributions during the NSF/NCAR GV Progressive Science Missions in December 2005. There were ten research flights, including three days of nighttime experiments, at latitudes from 18 to 52° N and altitudes up to 14 km. About 78% of the total samples showed the new particle formation feature with number concentrations of particles with diameters from 4 to 9 nm, 670±1270 cm?3, and the total particle number concentrations with diameters from 4 to 2000 nm, 920±1470 cm?3. Our case studies show that new particle formation was closely associated with convection and low surface areas of preexisting aerosol particles (?3). On the other hand, for the cases where no new particle formation events were observed, air masses usually did not experience a vertical motion and air often originated from either the upper troposphere or lower stratosphere where precursor concentrations are relatively low; in addition, it was also a general trend that non-event cases also had higher surface areas (~16 ?m² cm?3). These observations are consistent with other observations during the Progressive Science Missions (Young et al., 2007). Because of the lower temperatures in this region (T<250 K), nucleation is thermodynamically favorable; but because of low aerosol precursor concentrations, nucleation is sensitive to aerosol precursor concentration and surface area. Under such conditions, convection (which brings higher concentrations of aerosol precursors and water vapor to higher altitudes) and low surface area play critical roles on whether new particle formation takes place or not. Latitude dependence of new particles also shows higher particle concentrations in the midlatitude tropopause region than in the subtropics, consistent with Hermann et al. (2003)

Brane Structure from a Scalar Field in Warped Spacetime

We deal with scalar field coupled to gravity in five dimensions in warped geometry. We investigate models described by potentials that drive the system to support thick brane solutions that engender internal structure. We find analytical expressions for the brane solutions, and we show that they are all linearly stable.Comment: 10 pages, 7 eps figures; version to be published in JCA

Sistema de controle de pesca de Mato Grosso do Sul SCPESCA/MS 17 - 2010.

Neste boletim encontram-se as informações sobre a pesca profissional e esportiva coletadas e analisadas pelo Sistema de Controle da Pesca de Mato Grosso do Sul (SCPESCA/MS) no ano de 2010. Os dados obtidos são provenientes do pescado capturado em toda a Bacia do Alto Paraguai em Mato Grosso do Sul e vistoriado pela Polícia Militar Ambiental/MS. Foi registrado um total de 362 t de pescado, das quais 193 t (53%) foram capturadas pela pesca profissional e 169 t (47%) pela pesca esportiva. As espécies mais capturadas foram: pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (73 t, 21%), cachara Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (69 t, 20%) e pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (49 t, 14 %). Os rios que mais contribuíram foram o Paraguai (156 t, 44%) e o Miranda (115 t, 33%). O número total de pescadores profissionais registrados aumentou de 2008 (1.190) para 2009 (2.064) e novamente em 2010 (2.336). Esse aumento correspondeu, sobretudo àqueles que efetuam pequenos desembarques (menores que 110 kg), os quais foram sub-amostrados anteriormente, e que acorreram ao sistema para renovação da documentação de pesca. Esse fato acarretou redução da mediana mensal de desembarque da categoria, que variou entre 22,00 e 61,25 kg/pescador.viagem e do período de duração das viagens, que variou entre 5 e 8 dias de pesca. Por outro lado, o rendimento mediano mensal da pesca em 2010 manteve-se dentro da faixa dos anos anteriores, variando de 6,16 a 11,55 kg/pescador.dia. Neste ano, a cota de captura permitida para a pesca esportiva permaneceu em 10 kg mais um exemplar de qualquer peso e até cinco exemplares de piranhas. Um total de 14.092 pescadores esportivos visitou a região, provenientes, principalmente de São Paulo (51%), Paraná (19%) e Minas Gerais (8%) com maior concentração nos meses de setembro e outubro. Esses pescadores realizaram viagens com duração de 4 a 5 dias de pesca, capturando entre 10,60 e 12,60 kg/pescador.viagem, com rendimento entre 2,33 e 3,07 kg/pescador.dia.bitstream/item/76147/1/BP118.pd

Sistema de Controle de Pesca de Mato Grosso do Sul SCPESCA/MS20-2013.

Neste boletim encontram-se as informações sobre a pesca profissional e esportiva coletadas e analisadas pelo Sistema de Controle da Pesca de Mato Grosso do Sul (SCPESCA/MS) no ano de 2013. Os dados obtidos são provenientes do pescado capturado em toda a Bacia do Alto Paraguai em Mato Grosso do Sul (BAP/MS) e vistoriado pela Polícia Militar Ambiental/MS. Foi registrado um total de 333 t de pescado, das quais 165 t (49,5%) foram capturadas pela pesca profissional (estimativa de captura) e 168 t (50,5%) pela pesca esportiva. As espécies mais capturadas pelas duas categorias juntas foram: pintado Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (83 t, 26%), cachara Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum (79 t, 25%) e pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (32 t, 10 %). Os rios que mais contribuíram foram o Paraguai (149 t, 46%) e o Miranda (97 t, 30%). O número total de pescadores profissionais registrados neste ano foi de 1.816. Para a pesca profissional, em mediana mensal, a duração das viagens de pesca variou 5 e 10 dias, capturando entre 28,00 e 66,75 kg por pescador por viagem com rendimento entre 7,47 e 10,78 kg por pescador por dia. Neste ano, a cota de captura permitida para a pesca esportiva permaneceu em 10 kg mais um exemplar de qualquer peso e até cinco exemplares de piranhas. Um total de 13.856 pescadores esportivos visitou o estado, provenientes, principalmente de São Paulo (48%), Paraná (21%) e Minas Gerais (10%) com maior concentração nos meses de agosto a outubro. Em mediana mensal, esses pescadores realizaram viagens com duração de 4 a 5 dias de pesca, capturando entre 10,00 e 13,00 kg por pescador por viagem com rendimento entre 2,17 e 3,08 kg por pescador por dia.bitstream/item/126531/1/BP127.pd

Plant-based school meals as levers of sustainable food transitions: A narrative review and conceptual framework

Current food systems face immediate and complex challenges in feeding a growing global population. It is necessary to mitigate the environmental impact of food systems while ensuring food security across the globe. Drawing on the example of recent multi-sectoral approaches which focus on the interconnections between public health and the environment, this work offers a narrative review and broader conceptual framework advancing two propositions. The first is that school meals systems have the potential to help enable sustainable food transitions. The second is that favoring well-planned plant-based meals in schools may strengthen this potential. The review and resulting framework highlight the relevance of seeking transdisciplinary dialogue and considering diverse sectors of society, such as public health, the environment, social protection, economic development, and community welfare. We review possible health benefits as well as possible economic and environmental outcomes, especially if school meals are sourced mainly from local communities and eco-friendly agricultural practices. Cross-sectoral implications related to social protection and community welfare are also identified and discussed, as well as potential pathways for materializing sustainable food transitions in schools.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio