Determining information for inclusion in a decision-support intervention for clinical trial participation : A modified Delphi approach

Peer reviewedPostprin

Report of the Link Resolver Investigation Team

This report was commissioned to explore whether the University Library should improve and update its ProQuest­provided link resolver interface, 360 Link Legacy. To develop a recommendation and propose an implementation plan, an investigation team: evaluated the existing interface; researched how users encounter and interact with the existing interface; identified essential and desired requirements for interface improvements; and reviewed three link resolver tools (360 Link Legacy [current solution], 360 Link 2.0 [the updated version of current solution], and Umlaut [open­ source software]). After considering the above research, as well as the feedback of many library stakeholders, the investigation team recommends that the library should update its link resolver interface, using the Umlaut open­source software.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117361/1/Link Resolver Investigation Team Report.pdfDescription of Link Resolver Investigation Team Report.pdf : Final Repor

Considerations for Individual-Level Versus Whole-School Physical Activity Interventions:Stakeholder Perspectives

Strategies to address declining physical activity levels among children and adolescents have focused on ‘individual-level’ approaches which often fail to demonstrate impact. Recent attention has been on an alternative ‘whole-school’ approach to increasing physical activity that involves promoting physical activity throughout all aspects of the school environment. There is, however, a lack of evidence on how whole-school physical activity approaches could be implemented in the UK. This qualitative study explored perspectives of key stakeholders on potential reasons for the lack of impact of individual-level school-based interventions on children’s physical activity, and key considerations for adopting a whole-school approach. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders involved in the implementation of physical activity programmes in UK schools. Data were analysed using an inductive approach. Respondents suggested that individual-level school-based interventions to increase physical activity often failed to consult end users in the design and were typically implemented in environments unsupportive of long-term change. They subsequently outlined specific barriers and key facilitators for the adoption and implementation of whole-school approaches in UK settings and recommended a shift in research foci towards building an evidence base around educational outcomes and whole-school implementation insights

Factors influencing parental engagement in an early childhood obesity prevention program implemented at scale: the Infant Program

The ‘early years’ is a crucial period for the prevention of childhood obesity. Health services are well placed to deliver preventive programs to families, however, they usually rely on voluntary attendance, which is challenging given low parental engagement. This study explored factors influencing engagement in the Infant Program: a group-based obesity prevention program facilitated by maternal and child health nurses within first-time parent groups. Six 1.5 h sessions were delivered at three-month intervals when the infants were 3–18 months. A multi-site qualitative exploratory approach was used, and program service providers and parents were interviewed. Numerous interrelated factors were identified, linked to two themes: the transition to parenthood, and program processes. Personal factors enabling engagement included parents’ heightened need for knowledge, affirmation and social connections. Adjusting to the baby’s routine and increased parental self-efficacy were associated with diminished engagement. Organisational factors that challenged embedding program delivery into routine practice included aspects of program promotion, referral and scheduling and workforce resources. Program factors encompassed program content, format, resources and facilitators, with the program being described as meeting parental expectations, although some messages were perceived as difficult to implement. The study findings provide insight into potential strategies to address modifiable barriers to parental engagement in early-year interventions

Obesity prevention in infants using m-Health: the Growing Healthy program

About one quarter of Australian pre-school children are overweight. Early childhood is an important period for establishing behaviours that will affect weight gain and health across the life course. Early feeding choices, including breast and/or formula, timing of introduction of solids, physical activity and electronic media use among infants and young children are considered likely determinants of childhood obesity. Parents play a primary role in shaping these behaviours through parental modelling, feeding styles and the food and physical activity environments provided. Children from low socio-economic backgrounds have higher rates of obesity making early intervention particularly important. However, such families are often more difficult to reach and may be less likely to participate in traditional programs that support healthy behaviours. Parents across all socio-demographic groups frequently access primary health care (PHC) services including nurses in community health services and general practices, providing unparalleled opportunity for engagement to influence family behaviours. One emerging and promising area that might maximise engagement at a low cost is the provision of support for healthy parenting through electronic media such as the Internet or smart phones. This is referred to as mobile or m-health. The Growing Healthy study aimed to explore the feasibility of providing information and support for healthy parenting through electronic media in the form of an application for smart phones (app) and a website. Our background research suggested this as an emerging and promising area for engagement with families with young children and may provide a referral option for primary health care providers. It is also an intervention with a relatively low cost and potential for high reach. As families with young children have high levels of engagement with PHC services, these could be leveraged to recruit study participants via referral to the app. Complementing and not replacing the information and support provided by these existing primary health care services was an important objective as was ensuring the online information and support aligned with that provided by primary health care services and national guidelines. The aim was to make the app a ‘trusted source’ of information and support for families with children from birth to nine months of age.The research reported in this paper is a project of the Australian Primary Health Care Research Institute which is supported by a grant from the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing under the Primary Health Care Research Evaluation and Development Strategy

‘Trying to pin down jelly’ - exploring intuitive processes in quality assessment for meta-ethnography

Background: Studies that systematically search for and synthesise qualitative research are becoming more evident in health care, and they can make an important contribution to patient care. However, there is still no agreement as to whether, or how we should appraise studies for inclusion. We aimed to explore the intuitive processes that determined the ‘quality’ of qualitative research for inclusion in qualitative research syntheses. We were particularly interested to explore the way that knowledge was constructed. Methods: We used qualitative methods to explore the process of quality appraisal within a team of seven qualitative researchers funded to undertake a meta-ethnography of chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain. Team discussions took place monthly between October 2010 and June 2012 and were recorded and transcribed. Data was coded and organised using constant comparative method. The development of our conceptual analysis was both iterative and collaborative. The strength of this team approach to quality came from open and honest discussion, where team members felt free to agree, disagree, or change their position within the safety of the group. Results: We suggest two core facets of quality for inclusion in meta-ethnography - (1) Conceptual clarity; how clearly has the author articulated a concept that facilitates theoretical insight. (2) Interpretive rigour; fundamentally, can the interpretation ‘be trusted?’ Our findings showed that three important categories help the reader to judge interpretive rigour: (ii) What is the context of the interpretation? (ii) How inductive is the interpretation? (iii) Has the researcher challenged their interpretation? Conclusions: We highlight that methods alone do not determine the quality of research for inclusion into a meta-ethnography. The strength of a concept and its capacity to facilitate theoretical insight is integral to meta-ethnography, and arguably to the quality of research. However, we suggest that to be judged ‘good enough’ there also needs to be some assurance that qualitative findings are more than simply anecdotal. Although our conceptual model was developed specifically for meta-ethnography, it may be transferable to other research methodologies

Targeted SERS nanosensors measure physicochemical gradients and free energy changes in live 3D tumor spheroids.

Use of multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) to investigate therapies has gained impetus because they have potential to mimic factors including zonation, hypoxia and drug-resistance. However, analysis remains difficult and often destroys 3D integrity. Here we report an optical technique using targeted nanosensors that allows in situ 3D mapping of redox potential gradients whilst retaining MTS morphology and function. The magnitude of the redox potential gradient can be quantified as a free energy difference (ΔG) and used as a measurement of MTS viability. We found that by delivering different doses of radiotherapy to MTS we could correlate loss of ΔG with increasing therapeutic dose. In addition, we found that resistance to drug therapy was indicated by an increase in ΔG. This robust and reproducible technique allows interrogation of an in vitro tumor-model's bioenergetic response to therapy, indicating its potential as a tool for therapy development.Leverhulme Trust (Grant ID: RPG-2012-680), Jamie King Cancer Research FundThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the Royal Society of Chemistry via http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C6NR06031

Emerging from emergency pandemic pedagogy: a survey of anatomical educators in the United Kingdom and Ireland

It is critical that academic opinion of pandemic pedagogy is comprehensively quantified in order to inform future practices. Thus, this study examines how anatomists in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI) perceive the teaching adaptations made in response to COVID-19, and how these adaptations have impacted their experiences teaching, their online work environment and community. Data was collected via a questionnaire from 24 anatomists across 15 universities in the UK (11) and ROI (4). With regards to teaching, 95.6% of academics have upskilled in new technologies to meet the demands of distance teaching. Academics (95.8%) preferred face-to-face delivery of practical sessions. Most universities (80.0%) reported that practical sessions will continue in a new form that ensures social distancing. However, 50.0% of academics are uncertain if these adaptations will improve student learning. Many anatomists believe that the new adaptations may hinder student–student (66.7%) and student–tutor (45.8%) interactions. Regarding assessment, 52.6% of academics preferred traditional methods to online. Remote online assessment was difficult to protect against collusion, but provided time saving opportunities for academics. Finally, in terms of working environment, 83.3% of academics stated that their workload increased; 54.2% preferred working on site rather than remotely and 79.2% think that staff interactions are better when working on site. These results demonstrate a widespread concern amongst anatomists regarding the pandemic-induced adaptations to teaching, assessment and working environment. However, important opportunities were also identified that could ultimately serve to benefit students and educators alike

Report of the Link Resolver Implementation Team

The Link Resolver Implementation Team was charged in March 2016 with carrying out the recommendations of the Link Resolver Investigation Team (http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/117361), which were to re-launch the MGet It link resolver service as a locally-hosted application using the existing 360 Link knowledge base and the Umlaut open-source software. Specifically, the Implementation Team was asked to: 1) Design a user interface using Umlaut and the 360 Link API; 2) Select and prioritize added services in the link resolver menu interface; 3) Determine what, if anything, should be part of a report-a-problem link and implement corresponding workflows; and 4) Determine in which circumstances the link resolver menu page should appear for which kinds of users. This report outlines our decisions on these three points, details user studies to design the interface, and describes the roll-out process. The new MGet It service was released as a limited beta for library staff on September 14, 2016. After a period of review and feedback from library staff, and subsequent adjustments to the interface, the new interface replaced the native 360 Link interface on Monday, October 17, 2016.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/135723/1/link resolver implementation team final report.pdfDescription of link resolver implementation team final report.pdf : Final Repor