design and restoration the roots of architectureporject for the built

It is absolutely essential now to prepare a project of pre-critical understanding of the building which will be the object of action, free from preconceived notions of value, fully committed to the implementation of a variety of useful and indispensable to determine that operating margin and freedom that each architecture has not being linked uniquely to the precise original function. This is the margin that you can leverage to implement the architectural project for the built that mutuerà inside knowledge, conservation and innovation at the same time. The binomials in the lead paragraph as all sides of the same coin that merge into one integrated design process that takes charge of design including those different styles of drafting of survey (in all aspects) of an existing architecture

Effect of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data on the Design of Separation Sequences by Distillation

An evaluation of the effect of vapor-liquid equilibrium experimental data on the design of separation sequences by distillation was done using computer simulation. Separation of a mixture of ace-tone-chloroform-benzene was chosen as an example problem. Two sequences were compared. To quantify the thermodynamic data uncertainties for each se-quence two sets of binary vapor-liquid equilibrium data were chosen. These two sets of data were used to generate simulation cases as in classical two-level fac-torial design of experiments. A third set of binary va-por-liquid experimental data allows comparing phase liquid models. For the two-column sequence, analysis done to each column alone or to the whole sequence gave the same results. In the three-column sequence, results were different and simulation of the whole se-quence gave a complete different account that simula-tion of each column alone.Fil: Parodi, C. A.. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Campanella, Enrique Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Curcumin affects HSP60 folding activity and levels in neuroblastoma cells

The fundamental challenge in fighting cancer is the development of protective agents able to interfere with the classical pathways of malignant transformation, such as extracellular matrix remodeling, epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition and, alteration of protein homeostasis. In the tumors of the brain, proteotoxic stress represents one of the main triggering agents for cell transformation. Curcumin is a natural compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties with promising potential for the development of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer as well as neurodegenerative diseases. Among the mediators of cancer development, HSP60 is a key factor for the maintenance of protein homeostasis and cell survival. High HSP60 levels were correlated, in particular, with cancer development and progression, and for this reason, we investigated the ability of curcumin to affect HSP60 expression, localization, and post-translational modifications using a neuroblastoma cell line. We have also looked at the ability of curcumin to interfere with the HSP60/HSP10 folding machinery. The cells were treated with 6, 12.5, and 25 \ub5M of curcumin for 24 h, and the flow cytometry analysis showed that the compound induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner with a higher percentage of apoptotic cells at 25 \ub5M. This dose of curcumin-induced a decrease in HSP60 protein levels and an upregulation of HSP60 mRNA expression. Moreover, 25 \ub5M of curcumin reduced HSP60 ubiquitination and nitration, and the chaperonin levels were higher in the culture media compared with the untreated cells. Furthermore, curcumin at the same dose was able to favor HSP60 folding activity. The reduction of HSP60 levels, together with the increase in its folding activity and the secretion in the media led to the supposition that curcumin might interfere with cancer progression with a protective mechanism involving the chaperonin

A role for TSPO in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis and redox stress signaling

The 18 kDa translocator protein TSPO localizes on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Systematically overexpressed at sites of neuroinflammation it is adopted as a biomarker of brain conditions. TSPO inhibits the autophagic removal of mitochondria by limiting PARK2-mediated mitochondrial ubiquitination via a peri-organelle accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we describe that TSPO deregulates mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling leading to a parallel increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ pools that activate the Ca2+-dependent NADPH oxidase (NOX) thereby increasing ROS. The inhibition of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake by TSPO is a consequence of the phosphorylation of the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC1) by the protein kinase A (PKA), which is recruited to the mitochondria, in complex with the Acyl-CoA binding domain containing 3 (ACBD3). Notably, the neurotransmitter glutamate, which contributes neuronal toxicity in age-dependent conditions, triggers this TSPO-dependent mechanism of cell signaling leading to cellular demise. TSPO is therefore proposed as a novel OMM-based pathway to control intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and redox transients in neuronal cytotoxicity

Exosome levels in human body fluids: A tumor marker by themselves?

Despite considerable research efforts, the finding of reliable tumor biomarkers remains challenging and unresolved. In recent years a novel diagnostic biomedical tool with high potential has been identified in extracellular nanovesicles or exosomes. They are released by the majority of the cells and contain detailed molecular information on the cell of origin including tumor hallmarks. Exosomes can be isolated from easy accessible body fluids, and most importantly, they can provide several biomarkers, with different levels of specificity. Recent clinical evidence shows that the levels of exosomes released into body fluids may themselves represent a predictive/diagnostic of tumors, discriminating cancer patients from healthy subjects. The aim of this review is to highlight these latest challenging findings to provide novel and groundbreaking ideas for successful tumor early diagnosis and follow-up

Theoretical investigation on the scale factor of a triple ring cavity to be used in frequency sensitive resonant gyroscopes

In this paper we study a multi-ring resonant structure including three evanescently coupled ring resonators (named triple ring resonator,TRR), with different ring radii and coupling coefficients, and coupled to two bus waveguides. The potential application of a TRR as a rotationsensor is analyzed and its advantages over a single ring resonator (SRR) under rotation conditions are also highlighted. When the coupledrings have different size and their inter-ring coupling coefficients are lower than the ring-bus coupling coefficients, the resonance frequencydifference between two counter-propagating beams induced by rotation is enhanced with respect to that of a single ring resonator (SRR)with the same footprint. The scale factor of the rotating TRR, which depends on the structural parameters (i.e. inter-ring and ring-buscoupling coefficients, lengths of the rings, overall propagation loss within the rings), is up to 1.88 times the value of the scale factor of aSRR, which depends only on the ring radius, by assuming that the waveguide structure in both configurations is the same. This promisingnumerical achievement results in a reduction of the sensor footprint of about two times, with respect to a single ring with the same scalefactor. The results obtained may be useful to define new configurations of frequency sensitive optical gyros in low-loss technology, havinga small volume. In fact, by properly choosing the structural parameters, the spectral response of the TRR is forced to assume a shape moresensitive to the resonant frequency shift due to the rotation with respect to that one of a SRR

Activity of bacterial seed endophytes of landrace durum wheat for control of Fusarium foot rot

Five bacterial endophytic isolates obtained from durum wheat seeds (Iandrace "Timilia reste nere") and identified as belonging to Pantoea (isolates A1, F7, F15 and GI) and Paenibacillus (isolate B) genera on the basis of 16S rDNA gene sequences, were assayed in vitro and in vivo for their ability to inhibit Fusarium culmorum growth and the disease (Fusarium foot rot) it causes in durum wheat. All isolates significantly reduced in vitro growth of F. culmorum in comparison with the control. After 120 hours of incubation, isolates B and GI showed the greatest mycelial growth inhibition, i.e., respectively, 76 and 74%. When durum wheat "Simeto" seeds were treated with bacterial isolates singly or in combinations and then inoculated with F. culmorum, all treatments with endophytes showed increased, but not statistically significant, seed germination. Except for isolate Al, all bacterial isolates stimulated vegetative parameters of durum wheat seedlings. Mixture of isolates F7 + F15 was the most effective in improving shoot height (+94%), root length (+47%) and vigour index (+81%). Mixture of isolates A1 + B reduced Fusarium foot rot incidence (-21%) and severity (-30%), and isolate A1 reduced incidence (-15%) and severity (-16%) of the disease. These results indicate potential of bacterial seed endophytes, identified in this study, for control of Fusarium foot rot and suggest that bacterial seed endophytes may provide a new biocontrol agent for an environmentally sustainable durum wheat disease management programme

EXOSOMES: CAN DOCTORS STILL IGNORE THEIR EXISTENCE?

With this invited commentary we want to draw the attention of young medical doctors, the main readers of this journal, towards the existence and importance of a group of nanovesicles released by human cells: the exosomes. These vesicles are incontinently se-creted as a mean of cell-to-cell communication. They are involved in a number of physiol-ogic processes as well as in the pathogenesis of, virtually, all human diseases. They can be isolated from all biological fluids, like blood, urine, sweat, sperm, crevicular fluid, bile, etc., and their composition in terms of proteins, RNA and lipids is different in pathology that in physiologic conditions. It is therefore possible to predict that they will become an important diagnostic and therapeutic tool in medicine

Experimental Comparison of the MIG and Friction Stir Welding Processes for AA 6005 Aluminium Alloy

In this study, the mechanical properties of welded joints of AA 6005 aluminum alloy obtained with friction stir welding (FSW) and conventional metal inert gas welding (MIG) are studied. FSW welds were carried out on a semi-automatic milling machine. The performance of FSW and MIG welded joints were identified using tensile and bending impact tests, as far as the environmental aspects are also included in the discussion. The joints obtained with FSW and MIG processes were also investigated in their microstructure. The results indicate that, the microstructure of the friction stir weld is different from that of MIG welded joint. The weld nugget consists of small grains in FSW than those found in MIG weld. Taking into consideration the process conditions and requirements, FSW and MIG processes were also compared with each other to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the processes for welding applications of studied Al alloy. Better tensile and bending strength were obtained with FSW welded joints