Estudio de la eficacia de la aplicación de hidrofugantes para impedir la entrada de agua de lluvia en muros de ladrillo de tejar por albardillas y remates

In the historic buildings built with face brick tile it is very common to have copings and cornices of soldier or header course, made with the same brick as the facade and these bricks are usually more deteriorated than the rest of the facade. The cause of the deterioration is the action of the water combined with dirt, vegetation, and other moisture-related causes. One of the possible systems to conserve and protect these elements is by projecting a water repellent. This article will present the results of tests conducted on laboratory specimens formed by low brick walls with and without the application of a waterproofing treatment, finished off at the top part by a sloping course also of brick.En los edificios históricos construidos con ladrillos de tejar es muy frecuente que los muros y las cornisas estén rematados con el mismo ladrillo, sentado a soga o a tizón, con el que está ejecutada la fachada y que estos ladrillos estén más deteriorados que el resto. La causa del deterioro es la acción del agua combinada con la suciedad, la vegetación y otras lesiones relacionadas con la humedad. Uno de los posibles sistemas para conservar y proteger estos elementos es proyectar un hidrofugante. En este artículo se van a exponer los resultados de los ensayos realizados en laboratorio a probetas formadas por muretes de ladrillos, rematados en la parte superior por una albardilla formada por una hilada inclinada, también de ladrillo, con la aplicación de un tratamiento hidrofugante o sin él

Bricks in the eclectic modernist architecture of the City of Zamora (Spain): an analysis of the types, building tools used and the construction of the walls

El presente trabajo lleva a cabo una investigación sobre los tipos de ladrillos empleados en las fachadas de los inmuebles de la época decimonónica de la capital zamorana. Este estudio engloba no sólo los ladrillos sino la relación de los mismos con los usos de los inmuebles. El análisis desarrollado es fundamentalmente técnico, centrándose tanto en los aspectos materiales y morfológicos de las piezas como en la relación existente entre los mismos y los diferentes sistemas constructivos empleados en la ejecución de sus muros. La existencia de múltiple y variada documentación original, combinada con la información recabada in situ sobre los inmuebles que se conservan en la ciudad, ha permitido realizar un estudio exhaustivo y detallado, que se destaca como el objetivo primordial, pues permitirá desarrollar de cara a las futuras actuaciones de conservación, intervenciones para preservar y actuar sobre los elementos de interés.The present work studies the types of bricks used on the façades of the 19th century buildings of the City of Zamora. The study covers not only the bricks themselves but also their relationship with the use the buildings were put to. The analysis is essentially technical, focusing on both the material and morphological aspects of the bricks and the relationship between them and the different construction systems used to build the walls. The existence of abundant and varied original literature, together with information collected “in situ” about the buildings preserved in the City, has allowed an exhaustive study that stands out as an initial aim since it will offer a way to guide future actions of conservation and interventions aimed at preserving the elements of interest

Comparative Analysis of the Thermal Conductivity of Handmade and Mechanical Bricks Used in the Cultural Heritage

During interventions to improve the energy efficiency of cultural heritage, it is common to use methodologies that are used for current buildings with different thermal behaviour. For this reason, research has been carried out on the thermal behaviour of old brick walls by carrying out thermal flow tests in the laboratory on brickwork specimens, in order to compare the behaviour of handmade bricks and mechanical bricks from more than a century ago, and to analyse the relationship between the values of thermal conductivity, humidity, density and porosity, as well as to compare these results with those obtained by applying the procedure of the EN-1745 standard. It was concluded that bricks behave thermally differently, depending on the manufacturing process: handmade or mechanical, in both types of brick it was found that the higher the moisture content and density were, the higher the brick’s thermal conductivity value. It has also been concluded that old bricks have thermal conductivity values different from those indicated in EN-1745 as a function of density, and that the ratio detected in these specimens in the dry state and in the wet state does not conform to the processes indicated in the standard. With regard to porosity, it is important to note that the greater the closed porosity, the lower the conductivity. It has been concluded that in order to intervene in cultural heritage buildings, it is necessary to carry out a specific study of the behaviour of the systems with which they were constructed. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland