O uso de tecnologias no Ensino Médio: o que dizem os artigos?

O objetivo do artigo foi realizar um levantamento e sistematização das produçõessobre tecnologias no Ensino Médio, dos últimos seis anos (2012 a 2017). Comometodologia, optou-se por um estudo de revisão bibliográfica, do tipo estado da arte, comum levantamento total de nove artigos, obtidos por meio da base de dados eletrônicosScielo, os quais foram interpretados pela Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 1977). Os resultadosforam sistematizados em quatro categorias: Tecnologia Para a Prática, Tecnologiapara a Compreensão de Significados e Sentidos, Tecnologia Além de Conceito e TecnologiaSistematizada na Prática Pedagógica. Em linhas gerais, os artigos discutiram a relaçãoentre o aluno e o mundo, o impacto das tecnologias na sociedade atual e a ampliação dosaber. Conclui-se que os professores precisam contribuir para a construção de sujeitos ativosno contexto de práticas e vivências pautadas no uso das tecnologias

Variation in cognitive investment: making time fly… or drag!

Social media is increasingly prevalent in the daily lives of young people as a source of entertainment and social interaction. However, the time spent on such stimuli reduces availability for other activities that used to be more prevalent, such as reading, development of motor skills, and face-to-face social interaction. Little is known about the effects of this habit changes on the cognitive development of young individuals. One possible way to assess cognitive investment in a particular task is through the perception of time passage. In the present study, we investigated the cognitive investment in different activities and its relationship with the perception of time passage in young individuals aged 14 to 15 years old. Four groups of volunteers were formed. Each group performed a different activity for 23 minutes. Group 1 spent the 23 minutes browsing a social network (TikTok); Group 2 read classics of Brazilian literature; Group 3 played the board game “Pictionary”; and Group 4 was instructed to practice a complex pen spinning around the fingers. The duration of the activity was not disclosed, and at the end of the 23 minutes, volunteers were individually asked how much time they thought had passed during the activity. The group that engaged in TikTok had an average perception of 20 minutes, a value almost identical to the pen spinning, which was 19 minutes, with no statistically significant difference between them (p > 0.05). On the other hand, activities requiring greater cognitive effort and social interaction, such as reading and the board game, had average time perceptions of 25 and 28 minutes, respectively. The latter two even reached time perception values of 40 and 44 minutes, which were the highest in the entire experiment. According to analysis of variance, groups with the lowest mean time perception (TikTok and pen spinning) were significantly different from the board game group (p < 0.05). Based on our results, we can conclude that the nature of the activity undertaken affects time perception on the brain. This may be related to the amount of new information presented and absorbed during novelty and learning activities. Engaging in new and cognitive demanding experiences give the impression that time lasted longer. Conversely, repetitive activities without new stimuli give the sensation that the same time interval seems shorter. Further studies investigating the consequences of overexposure to repetitive and unstimulating activities are necessary to understand their potential effects on the brain development of adolescents

Argumentação sobre produção ecológica durante o ensino de Química

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Computer-aided drug design approaches applied to screen natural product’s structural analogs targeting arginase in Leishmania spp [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a disease with high mortality rates and approximately 1.5 million new cases each year. Despite the new approaches and advances to fight the disease, there are no effective therapies. Methods: Hence, this study aims to screen for natural products' structural analogs as new drug candidates against leishmaniasis. We applied Computer-aided drug design (CADD) approaches, such as virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, molecular mechanics–generalized Born surface area (MM–GBSA) binding free estimation, and free energy perturbation (FEP) aiming to select structural analogs from natural products that have shown anti-leishmanial and anti-arginase activities and that could bind selectively against the Leishmania arginase enzyme. Results: The compounds 2H-1-benzopyran, 3,4-dihydro-2-(2-methylphenyl)-(9CI), echioidinin, and malvidin showed good results against arginase targets from three parasite species and negative results for potential toxicities. The echioidinin and malvidin ligands generated interactions in the active center at pH 2.0 conditions by MM-GBSA and FEP methods. Conclusions: This work suggests the potential anti-leishmanial activity of the compounds and thus can be further in vitro and in vivo experimentally validated

Hipercapnia permissiva em neonatologia na prevenção da displasia broncopulmonar: revisão sistemática.

Objective: To analyze the effects of permissive hypercapnia in reducing lung injury and the development of BPD in newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Methodology: This is a systematic review, using Pubmed, Electronic Library Online (Scielo) and Lilacs databases. Being articles and literature described in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Result: This study identified that most authors obtained benefits related to the use of permissive hypercapnia in the short term, in the duration of the use of mechanical ventilation and oxygen supplementation, however, the potential benefits of exposing children to hypercapnia do not seem to be improve pulmonary outcome and in some studies outcomes are accompanied by neurological sequelae. Conclusion: The evidence of efficacy for the prevention of BPD is inconclusive in relation to conventional ventilation, the current concept that maintaining PaCO2 levels between 45-55 mmHg in high-risk NBs is safe and inconsistent, requiring further randomized studies and clinical trials that demonstrate benefits without presenting greater risks.Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos da hipercapnia permissiva na redução de lesão pulmonar e desenvolvimento da DBP no Recém-Nascido em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, utilizando as bases de dados Pubmed, Electronic Library Online (Scielo) e Lilacs. Sendo artigos e literaturas descritos em Inglês, Português e Espanhol. Resultados: Este estudo identificou, que em sua maioria os autores obtiveram benefícios relacionados ao uso da hipercapnia permissiva à curto prazo, no tempo de duração ao uso da ventilação mecânica e suplementação de Oxigênio, contudo, os benefícios potenciais de expor crianças a hipercapnia não parecem melhorar o desfecho pulmonar e em alguns estudos os desfechos são acompanhados por sequelas neurológicas. Conclusão: As evidências da eficácia para a prevenção da DBP são inconclusivas em relação à ventilação convencional, o conceito atual de que mantendo os níveis de PaCO2 entre 45-55 mmHg em RNs de alto risco são seguros e inconsistente, necessitando de mais estudos randomizados e ensaios clínicos que demonstrem benefícios sem apresentar maiores riscos

POTENCIAL DE REÚSO DAS ÁGUAS DE RESFRIAMENTO DE DESTILADORES LABORATORIAIS

A maioria das instituições de ensino e pesquisa possui laboratórios em suas instalações e faz uso de destiladores para produzirem água destilada, sendo este equipamento um grande consumidor de água. Dessa forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a qualidade da água de resfriamento dos destiladores do Laboratório de Química (LAQAM) e de Engenharia Ambiental e Sanitária (LEAS) do Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), Campus Juazeiro do Norte, e quantificar o volume de água desperdiçada por volume de água que é destilada, perante a possibilidade de reutilização dentro dos próprios laboratórios. A análise quantitativa baseou-se na medição da vazão das águas destiladas e de resfriamento, em que se constatou que, a cada 1 litro de água destilada, foram produzidos 29 e 26 litros de água de resfriamento em cada destilador, respectivamente. A análise qualitativa baseou-se em análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas das águas que promovem a refrigeração dos destiladores, seguindo as metodologias da APHA, AWWA e WEF (2012) e Silva e Oliveira (2001), cujos resultados apresentaram qualidade satisfatória se comparados aos padrões de qualidade existentes. POTENTIAL REUSE OF LAB DISTILLATORS COOLING WATERABSTRACTThe majority of the teaching and research institutions use in their facilities distillers to produce distilled water, which is a major consumer of water. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the quality of the cooling water of the distillers of the Chemistry Laboratory (LAQAM) and Environmental and Sanitary Engineering (LEAS) of the Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE), Campus Juazeiro do North, and quantify the volume of water wasted by volume of water that is distilled, due to the possibility of reuse for the laboratories. The quantitative analysis was based on the flow measurement of distilled and cooling water, and it was found that, for each 1 liter of distilled water, 29 and 26 liters of cooling water were produced in each distiller, respectively. The qualitative analysis was based on physical-chemical and microbiological analyzes of the waters that promote the cooling of the distillers, following the methodologies of APHA, AWWA and WEF (2012) and Silva and Oliveira (2001), where the results showed satisfactory quality if compared existing quality standards

Osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa e novas abordagens terapêuticas

A osteoporose é uma doença esquelética sistêmica definida por redução da massa óssea e deterioração da microarquitetura do tecido ósseo, com uma incidência que se eleva com o envelhecimento, chegando a afetar 30% das mulheres na pós-menopausa. O presente estudo de revisão buscou avaliar novos avanços para a abordagem terapêutica da osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa, documentados por meio de estudos clínicos e randomizados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa realizada por meio da base de dados PubMed, que levou em consideração os seguintes critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos e testes controlados e randomizados; artigos publicados no último ano; que possuíam texto completo disponível e que abordassem acerca do tratamento da osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa. Ficou constatado que o ibandronato se faz uma opção segura e eficaz para o manejo da osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Ademais, a teriparatida, ao elevar de forma significativa os marcadores de renovação óssea, também se faz uma opção terapêutica eficaz nesse contexto. Outra medicação, a abaloparatida, elevou de forma importante os níveis da DMO da coluna lombar, colo de fêmur e de quadril total, fazendo de tal medicação uma importante opção para o manejo da osteoporose em pacientes na pós-menopausa. Por fim, a groselha mostrou-se efetiva para a prevenção da perda óssea, verificado pelo aumento significativo da DMO de todo o corpo após a suplementação diária

Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

BACKGROUND: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. FINDINGS: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. INTERPRETATION: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic. FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Rose Bengal and Erythrosine Is Effective in the Control of Food-Related Bacteria in Planktonic and Biofilm States

The thermal and chemical-based methods applied for microbial control in the food industry are not always environmentally friendly and may change the nutritional and organoleptic characteristics of the final products. Moreover, the efficacy of sanitizing agents may be reduced when microbial cells are enclosed in biofilms. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of photodynamic inactivation, using two xanthene dyes (rose bengal and erythrosine) as photosensitizing agents and green LED as a light source, against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria innocua, Enterococcus hirae and Escherichia coli in both planktonic and biofilm states. Both photosensitizing agents were able to control planktonic cells of all bacteria tested. The treatments altered the physicochemical properties of cells surface and also induced potassium leakage, indicating damage of cell membranes. Although higher concentrations of the photosensitizing agents (ranging from 0.01 to 50.0 μmol/L) were needed to be applied, the culturability of biofilm cells was reduced to undetectable levels. This finding was confirmed by the live/dead staining, where propidium iodide-labeled bacteria numbers reached up to 100%. The overall results demonstrated that photoinactivation by rose bengal and erythrosine may be a powerful candidate for the control of planktonic cells and biofilms in the food sector