POLÍTICA SOCIAL, GESTÃO E NEGÓCIO NA PRODUÇÃO DAS CIDADES: o programa Minha Casa Minha Vida “entidades”

Este texto apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida – Entidades, uma das modalidades da política de habitação inaugurada em 2009, no âmbito da sua apreensão como parte da constelação de programas sociais dos governos Lula e Dilma Roussef. Esses resultados de pesquisa ainda em curso apontam para dilemas, paradoxos e dimensões que envolvem a demanda, os operadores, os processos de produção dos conjuntos habitacionais e a produção e reprodução das formas de desigualdade e segregação socioespacial na cidade de São Paulo, assim como a constituição de um campo de consensos que permeia as relações entre movimentos de moradia e Estado, no interior do que se pode denominar de “lulismo”. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Política de habitação. Movimentos de moradia. Políticas sociais. Periferias.SOCIAL POLICIES, MANAGEMENT AND BUSINESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF CITIES: the program Minha Casa, Minha Vida - “Entities” Cibele Saliba Rizek Caio Santo Amore Camila Moreno de Camargo This text presents the results of a research about the program Minha Casa, Minha Vida – “Entities”, one of the social housing policies launched in 2009, as to its part in the group of social welfare programs of the governments of Lula and Dilma Rousseff. These results from a research which is still going on point to dilemmas, paradoxes, and dimensions which involve the demand, the operators, the production processes of the housing compounds, and the production and reproduction of inequality and segregation in the city of São Paulo. Also, it points to the constitution of a field of agreements which permeates the relations between movements for housing and the State inside what can be called Lulismo. KEYWORDS: Housing policies. Housing movements. Social welfare. Outskirts.POLITIQUE SOCIALE, GESTION ET AFFAIRES DANS LA PRODUCTION DES VILLES: le programme ma maison, ma vie “entités” Cibele Saliba Rizek Caio Santo Amore Camila Moreno de Camargo Ce texte présente les résultats d’une recherche concernant le Programme Ma Maison Ma vie – “Entités”, l’une des politiques du logement inaugurée en 2009 dans le cadre de la constellation de programmes sociaux des gouvernements de Lula et de Dilma Roussef. Les résultats de cette recherche, toujours en cours, indiquent des dilemmes, des paradoxes et des dimensions portant sur la demande, les opérateurs, les processus de production de l’ensemble des logements, la production et la reproduction des formes d’inégalités et de ségrégation socio-spatiale dans la ville de São Paulo ainsi que la création d’un champ de consensus qui imprègne les relations entre les mouvements pour le logement et l’État au sein de ce que l’on pourrait appeler le “lulisme”. MOTS-CLES: Politique du logement. Mouvements en faveur de l’habitation. Politiques sociales. Banlieues. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

Genetic and virulence characterization of colistin-resistant and colistin-sensitive A. baumannii clinical isolates.

Treatment of infections caused by A. baumannii is becoming a challenge due to the ability to develop multidrug-resistance, virulence, and high mortality. We described the colistin resistance and virulence genes present in sixA. baumannii clinical isolates using WGS, expression by qPCR, and virulence in the Galleria mellonella model. The colistin-resistant isolates were assigned as ST233 and the colistin-susceptible isolates as ST236 and ST407. The colistin-resistant isolates contained mutations within PmrA/PmrB, and the pmrA showed up-regulation in all of them. Only one colistin-resistant isolate indicating virulence in G. mellonella. This particular isolate belonged to a different clone, and it was the only isolate that presented non-synonymous mutations in pmrB. Colistinresistance in A. baumannii isolates seems to be caused by up-regulation of pmrA gene. Only one isolate appeared to be virulent in the G. mellonella model. This finding indicating low virulence in isolates belonging to emerging clones circulating in our hospital

Clonality, outer-membrane proteins profile and efflux pump in KPC- producing Enterobacter sp. in Brazil

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Carbapenems resistance in Enterobacter spp. has increased in the last decade, few studies, however, described the mechanisms of resistance in this bacterium. This study evaluated clonality and mechanisms of carbapenems resistance in clinical isolates of Enterobacter spp. identified in three hospitals in Brazil (Hospital A, B and C) over 7-year.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Antibiotics sensitivity, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR for carbapenemase and efflux pump genes were performed for all carbapenems-resistant isolates. Outer-membrane protein (OMP) was evaluated based on PFGE profile.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud A total of 130 isolates of Enterobacter spp were analyzed, 44/105 (41, 9%) E. aerogenes and 8/25 (32,0%) E. cloacae were resistant to carbapenems. All isolates were susceptible to fosfomycin, polymyxin B and tigecycline. KPC was present in 88.6% of E. aerogenes and in all E. cloacae resistant to carbapenems. The carbapenems-resistant E. aerogenes identified in hospital A belonged to six clones, however, a predominant clone was identified in this hospital over the study period. There is a predominant clone in Hospital B and Hospital C as well. The mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems differ among subtypes. Most of the isolates co-harbored blaKPC, blaTEM and /or blaCTX associated with decreased or lost of 35–36KDa and or 39 KDa OMP. The efflux pump AcrAB-TolC gene was only identified in carbapenems-resistant E. cloacae.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud There was a predominant clone in each hospital suggesting that cross-transmission of carbapenems-resistant Enterobacter spp. was frequent. The isolates presented multiple mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems including OMP alteration.The study was financial support by CNPQ (Conselho Nacional de\ud Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico) and FAPESP (Fundação de\ud Amparo à pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Brazil

MRSA outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in a developed country: importance of rapid detection of reservoirs and implementation of intervention measures

We described a MRSA bloodstream infection outbreak that was rapidly identified and controlled in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit after implementation of a bundle of measures, including PCR-screening and HCW decolonization. We found 35% of healthcare workers(HCW) colonized with S. aureus by PCR, one of them that presented skin lesion positive for MSSA (same clone and spa type than two patients). Our findings raise the hypothesis that the outbreak could be related to HCW colonization

Search of antimicrobial beta-lactam resistance genes and enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains present in food samples

Introdução: Staphylococcus aureus são microrganismos causadores de diversos tipos de doenças. Existem dois grandes agravantes a sua presença: a produção de toxinas e a resistência a antimicrobianos. S. aureus produzem enterotoxinas termolábeis que, quando presentes nos alimentos, podem levar a uma toxinfecção a quem o consumir. Esta espécie também é conhecida por facilmente responder adaptativamente ao uso de drogas tornandose cada vez mais difícil controlá-la. Um dos maiores responsáveis por esta preocupação são os MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), resistentes a beta-lactâmicos através da produção de uma proteína diferenciada de parede codificada pelo gene mecA. A presença deste patógeno resistente fora do ambiente hospitalar é registrada há alguns anos e pouco a pouco vem se descobrindo que a via alimentar pode ser um meio deste gene se disseminar. Objetivos: procurar pelo gene mecA e o codificador da enterotoxina em Staphylococcus aureus de amostras alimentares para discutir a presença do gene de resistência em uma nova via de transmissão e a validade de apenas se fiscalizar a presença apenas de Staphylococcus coagulase positivo em produtos alimentares como forma de manter o alimento seguro contra toxinfecções. Métodos: Cinquenta e sete amostras de S. aureus provenientes de amostras de quatro tipos de fontes alimentares foram testadas por PCR com primer específico para o gene mecA e para o gene codificador da enterotoxina. Resultados: Destas, cinco (8,8 por cento do total) amostras apresentaram o gene de resistência e onze (19,2 por cento do total) continham o gene codificador da enterotoxina termolábil. Conclusão: A presença do gene de enterotoxina em produtos prontos para consumo e peixe cru de feira é uma realidade, assim como o debate sobre qual a melhor forma de se legislar sobre o assunto que deve ser mantido e melhor avaliado. Já no caso do gene de resistência, evidenciou-se que a via alimentar é sim local de circulação do gene de resistência. Também é a primeira vez que se notifica o gene mecA em alimentos prontos para consumo no Brasil e América LatinaIntroduction: Staphylococcus aureus are a bacterium that causes various types of diseases. There are two major aggravating to its presence: the toxins production and antimicrobial resistance. S. aureus produce heat-labile enterotoxina that, when present in food, can lead to poisoning of those who consume. This specie is also known to easily respond adaptively to drug use becoming increasingly difficult to control it. One of the main reasons for this concern are MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) which are resistant to betalactams drugs through a differentiated wall protein production encoded by the mecA gene. The presence of this resistant pathogen outside hospitals has been recorded a few years ago and gradually comes to discover that the food chain can be a way for the gene spread. Objectives: Search for the mecA gene and the enterotoxins encoded gene in Staphylococcus aureus from food samples to discuss the presence of the resistance gene in a new transmission route and the validity of only review the presence of Staphylococcus coagulase positive in food product as a way to keep insurance against food poisoning. Methods: Fifty-seven samples of S. aureus from five different sources of food samples were tested by PCR with specific primer for the mecA gene and the enterotoxins gene. Results: Of these, five (8,8 per cent of total) samples showed the resistance gene and eleven (19,2 per cent of total) contained the gene encoding the heat-labile enterotoxin. Conclusion: The presence of enterotoxin encoded gene in food products ready for consumption and raw fish is a fact and a debate about how best to legislate should be maintained and better evaluated. In the case of the resistance gene, the food chain is really a way where this gene can spread. It is also the first time the mecA gene from food ready for consumption is reported in Brazil and Latin Americ

Política social, gestão e negócio na produção das cidades: o programa minha casa minha vida "entidades"

Este texto apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida - Entidades, uma das modalidades da política de habitação inaugurada em 2009, no âmbito da sua apreensão como parte da constelação de programas sociais dos governos Lula e Dilma Roussef. Esses resultados de pesquisa ainda em curso apontam para dilemas, paradoxos e dimensões que envolvem a demanda, os operadores, os processos de produção dos conjuntos habitacionais e a produção e reprodução das formas de desigualdade e segregação socioespacial na cidade de São Paulo, assim como a constituição de um campo de consensos que permeia as relações entre movimentos de moradia e Estado, no interior do que se pode denominar de "lulismo"

High prevalence of OXA-143 and alteration of outer membrane proteins in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates in Brazil

Carbapenem resistance amongst Acinetobacter spp. has been increasing in the last decade. This study evaluated the outer membrane protein (OMP) profile and production of carbapenemases in 50 carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolates from bloodstream infections. Isolates were identified by API20NE. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for carbapenems were determined by broth microdilution. Carbapenemases were studied by phenotypic tests, detection of their encoding gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and imipenem hydrolysis. Nucleotide sequencing confirming the enzyme gene type was performed using MegaBACE 1000. The presence of OMPs was studied by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and PCR. Molecular typing was performed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All isolates were resistant to carbapenems. Moreover, 98% of the isolates were positive for the gene encoding the enzyme OXA-51-like, 18% were positive for OXA-23-like (only one isolate did not show the presence of the insertion sequence ISAba1 adjacent to this gene) and 76% were positive for OXA-143 enzyme. Five isolates (10%) showed the presence of the IMP-1 gene. Imipenem hydrolysing activity was detected in only three strains containing carbapenemase genes, comprising two isolates containing the bla(IMP) gene and one containing the bla(OXA-51/OXA-23-like) gene. The OMP of 43 kDa was altered in 17 of 25 strains studied, and this alteration was associated with a high meropenem MIC (256 mu g/mL) in 5 of 7 strains without 43 kDa OMP. On the other hand, decreased OMP 33-36 kDa was found in five strains. The high prevalence of OXA-143 and alteration of OMPs might have been associated with a high level of carbapenem resistance. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.FAPESP (Fundacao de Amaparo a Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil)FAPESP (Fundacao de Amaparo a Pesquisa do estado de Sao Paulo, Brazil)CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq