Contribution à l'étude de l'altération des fonctions endothéliales au cours de la dengue

AIX-MARSEILLE2-BU Pharmacie (130552105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Genetic and biochemical characterisation of OXA-232, a carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamase from Enterobacteriaceae

International audienc

Performance of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for the Detection of 20 Gastrointestinal Parasites in Clinical Samples from Senegal

International audienceGastrointestinal parasite infections represent one of the biggest public health problems in the world. Therefore, appropriate innovative tools are needed for assessing interventions to control these infections. This study aims to compare the performance of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to microscopic examination for detection of intestinal parasites. A direct microscopic examination and stool concentration was performed on 98 stool samples from patients attending Senegalese hospitals. Negative microscopic control samples were also collected in Nice and Marseille (France). Species-specific primers/probes were used to detect 20commongastrointestinal protozoans and helminths. Positive frequency and the sensitivity of each real-time PCR assay were compared with conventional microscopic examination. Real-time PCR was positive in 72 of 98 samples (73.5%), whereas microscopic examination was positive in 37 (37.7%) samples (P < 0.001). The real-time PCR assays were more sensitive than microscopy, with 57.4% (31/54) versus 18.5% (10/54), respectively, in the detection of parasites in asymptomatic patients (P < 0.05). In terms of polyparasitism, there were more coinfections detected by real-time PCR assays compared with microscopic methods (25.5% versus 3.06%). In comparison to parasite prevalence on individual samples, the results showed a perfect agreement (100%) between the two techniques for seven species, whereas discrepancies were observed for the others (agreement percentage varying from 64.2% to 98.9%). Real-time PCR appeared to be superior to microscopic examination for the detection of parasites in stool samples. This assay will be useful in diagnostic laboratories and in the field for evaluating the efficacy of mass drug administration programs

Major discrepancy between factual antibiotic resistance and consumption in South of France: analysis of 539,037 bacterial strains

International audienceThe burden of antibiotic resistance is currently estimated by mathematical modeling, without real count of resistance to key antibiotics. Here we report the real rate of resistance to key antibiotics in bacteria isolated from humans during a 5 years period in a large area in southeast in France. We conducted a retrospective study on antibiotic susceptibility of 539,107 clinical strains isolated from hospital and private laboratories in south of France area from January 2014 to January 2019. The resistance rate to key antibiotics as well as the proportion of bacteria classified as Difficult-to-Treat (DTR) were determined and compared with the Mann-Whitney U test, the chi(2) test or the Fisher's exact test. Among 539,037 isolates, we did not observe any significant increase or decrease in resistance to key antibiotics for 5 years, (oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem resistance in enterobacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 3rd generation cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae). However, we observed a significant decrease in imipenem resistance for Acinetobacter baumannii from 2014 to 2018 (24.19-12.27%; p = 0.005) and a significant increase of ceftriaxone resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.9-24.03%; p = 0.001) and Enterobacter cloacae (24.05-42.05%; p = 0.004). Of these 539,037 isolates, 1604 (0.3%) had a DTR phenotype. Over a 5-year period, we did not observe a burden of AR in our region despite a high rate of antibiotic consumption in our country. These results highlight the need for implementation of real-time AR surveillance systems which use factual data

d-Ala-d-Ser VanN-Type Transferable Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus faecium▿

Enterococcus faecium UCN71, isolated from a blood culture, was resistant to low levels of vancomycin (MIC, 16 μg/ml) but susceptible to teicoplanin (MIC, 0.5 μg/ml). No amplification was observed with primers specific for the previously described glycopeptide resistance ligase genes, but a PCR product corresponding to a gene called vanN was obtained using degenerate primers and was sequenced. The deduced VanN protein was related (65% identity) to the d-alanine:d-serine VanL ligase. The organization of the vanN gene cluster, determined using degenerate primers and by thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL)-PCR, was similar to that of the vanC operons. A single promoter upstream from the resistance operon was identified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR. The presence of peptidoglycan precursors ending in d-serine and d,d-peptidase activities in the absence of vancomycin indicated constitutive expression of the resistance operon. VanN-type resistance was transferable by conjugation to E. faecium. This is the first report of transferable d-Ala-d-Ser-type resistance in E. faecium

Roches ornées, roches dressées

Jean Abélanet peut être considéré comme le pionnier de l'archéologie actuelle sur les terres nord-catalanes. Ce rôle de précurseur dans la découverte de sites majeurs, mais aussi sa contribution savante à l'avancée des études préhistoriques, tant sur le mégalithisme en Pyrénées que sur l'art rupestre post-glaciaire en Europe occidentale, justifient l'hommage qui lui est rendu par la communauté des chercheurs. Cet hommage a pris la forme d'un colloque placé sous l'égide de l'Association Archéologique des Pyrénées-Orientales, dont il fut membre fondateur, et de l'Université de Perpignan, dont il fut le premier enseignant en Préhistoire. Sont rassemblées dans cet ouvrage les contributions de 74 auteurs et co-auteurs. Ces 576 pages, abondamment illustrées par près de 300 figures, abordent des sujets très divers qui reflètent les différents champs d'études balayés par son insatiable et humaniste curiosité. Une première partie, remontant aux sources des arts et des mythes, éclaire certains aspects de l'art rupestre et du mégalithisme, depuis leurs origines jusqu'à nos jours, à partir de recherches récentes menées dans l'Ancien monde, des terres australes d'Afrique jusqu'en Europe de l'Ouest. Le second thème, tout en laissant une large place à l'étude des arts et des traditions funéraires, rassemble des travaux pluridisciplinaires menés à l'orient des Pyrénées, travaux d'historiographie, de palynologie, de géologie, d'archéologie préhistorique et historique, d'histoire ou d'ethnologie