((Re)considering Race in the Desegregation of Higher Education

This Essay examines the struggle to desegregate theUniversity of Georgia (UGA) in the context of the broaderstrategies to defeat segregation in higher education. Indoing so, this Essay explores Horace T. Ward\u27s struggle toenroll in UGA School of Law in Ward v. Regents, the firstlawsuit in Georgia history to attempt to dismantle thecenturies-old practice of segregation at UGA. The Essaythen examines the Holmes v. Danner case, which led to theadmission of the first African-American students at UGAand the dismantling of segregation statewide in Georgia\u27spublic colleges and universities.Building upon this backdrop, this Essay draws uponthese cases and others within the history of desegregationand civil rights to illustrate how the issue of race cannotbe detached from the continued struggle for equality ineducation. With this in mind, the Essay argues that thecases involving UGA, added to the broader narrative ofthe battle to achieve racial equality in higher education,offer additional perspectives on why courts should givepause when rejecting the necessity of considering race ineducational policies aimed at reducing segregation andinequality. The history and present teach us that racemust be accounted for to effectively confront contemporarybarriers to educational equality and the lingering discrimination that affects some ethnic and gender groupsin America

Electromagnetic trapping of chiral molecules: orientational effects of the irradiating beam

The photonic interaction generally responsible for the electromagnetic trapping of molecules is forward-Rayleigh scattering, a process that is mediated by transition electric dipoles connecting the ground electronic state and virtual excited states. Higher order electric and magnetic multipole contributions to the scattering amplitude are usually negligible. However, on consideration of chiral discrimination effects (in which an input light of left-handed circular polarization can present different observables compared to right-handed polarization, or molecules of opposite enantiomeric form respond differently to a set circular polarization), the mechanism must be extended to specifically accommodate transition magnetic dipoles. Moreover, it is important to account for the fact that chiral molecules are necessarily non-spherical, so that their interactions with a laser beam will have an orientational dependence. Using quantum electrodynamics, this article quantifies the extent of the energetic discrimination that arises when chiral molecules are optically trapped, placing particular emphasis on the orientational effects of the trapping beam. An in-depth description of the intricate ensemble-weighted method used to incorporate the latter is presented. It is thus shown that, when a mixture of molecular enantiomers is irradiated by a continuous beam of circularly polarized light, a difference arises in the relative rates of migration of each enantiomer in and out of the most intense regions of the beam. In consequence, optical trapping can be used as a means of achieving enantiomer separation

Shakespearean theater for Oklahoma

Encompassing a semester's worth of intense design work, this thesis is a comprehensive design proposal for a contemporary Shakespearean theatre for Oklahoma City. The thesis demonstrates the validity of the final product after much examination, from the first steps of initial theatre research, conceptual investigation, and site analysis, through the last steps of detailing, structural and HVAC calculations, and construction documentation.This proposal firmly grounds itself in the unique idea of a park as a place of curiosity, energy, and variety as the inspiration for the theatre. Issues of community impact and contextual acceptance, cultural accommodation and welcoming, and the diverse multiplicity of programmatic requirements are thoroughly explored and ultimately answered through this central concept

Space on the line

Cameron Patterson explains how, in these days of the complex interdependence of technologies, the Sun presents a decided threat to your train journey – and a great deal more beside

Cameron Patterson: Riding the rails to AGU

Sue Bowler talks to Cameron Patterson about putting plans for sustainable research travel into actio

Travelling in style to AGU

Cameron Patterson expands on the latest plans for his upcoming train odyssey to AG

The Impact of Space Weather on UK Railways

Some of the many manifestations of space weather’s effects on ground-based infrastructure are hazards to railway assets, with the potential of false signalling, damage to a train’s onboard transformer and even injury of track-side workers. Railway track circuits are key signalling mechanisms that are responsible for the safe and smooth operation of a railway network. By utilising track circuit modelling, geomagnetic field interpolation and UK conductivity models, the impact of space weather on the UK railways can be investigated. Initial results from a UK-focused modelling project will be presented and next steps proposed

Modelling the impacts of space weather on UK railway signalling systems

This thesis presents an investigation to model geomagnetic effects on DC track circuit signalling for AC-electrified railways in the UK, using the Glasgow to Edinburgh via Falkirk line and the Preston to Lancaster section of the West Coast Main Line as examples. In Chapter 4, the electric field strengths needed to cause "right side" failures, where green signals for blocks that are unoccupied by trains are turned red, are examined. It is suggested that the threshold is equivalent to an electric field generated by a storm that occurs approximately once every 30 years. Chapter 5 expands this work to "wrong side" failures, where the red signals for blocks that contain trains are turned green, a potentially more hazardous misoperation mode. It is shown that the position of the train along the block or, more precisely, the distance between the rearmost axle and the relay, has a large impact on how susceptible the relay is to geomagnetic disturbances. Assuming each train is near the end of the block it is occupying in the modelling, the electric field strength needed to cause "wrong side" failures is lower than that for "right side" failures, equivalent to the electric field generated by a storm occurring approximately once every 10 to 20 years. In Chapter 6, time-varying electric fields from the March 1989 and October 2003 storms are applied to both routes, as well as 1-in-100 year and 1-in-200 year extreme storm proxies, obtained by scaling the March 1989 storm by 2 and 4 times respectively. For the historic storms, it is shown that there was the potential for a small number of "wrong side" failures, but no "right side" failures to occur. For the extreme storm estimates, it is suggested that a large number of misoperations of both types could occur across each route