Multivariate analysis of lifestyle, constitutive and body composition factors influencing bone health in community-dwelling older adults from Madeira, Portugal

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Uma comparação da aptidão funcional de mulheres idosas portuguesas e brasileiras

O objectivo deste estudo transversal foi descrever e comparar os perfis funcionais de duas amostras: 401 idosas portuguesas e 967 brasileiras (Krause et al., 2009), dos 60-79 anos. A aptidão funcional (ApF) foi avaliada usando a bateria Senior Fitness Test (Rikli & Jones 2001). Em ambas as amostras, as idosas dos 60-64 anos apresentaram melhores desempenhos na maioria dos testes de ApF, comparativamente às dos 75-79 anos. As idosas brasileiras foram mais proficientes na aptidão cardio-respiratória e flexibilidade, e as portuguesas, na força do membro superior. Os valores do índice de massa corporal foram superiores nas idosas portuguesas (60-79 anos). Estes resultados poderão ser úteis na identificação precoce de perdas funcionais, e fundamentar a intervenção ao nível da ApF em mulheres idosas

Gas Transport Capacity And Cardiorespiratory Function In 9 To 15 Year Old Boys During Exercise In Relation To Growth, Maturation, Heart Size And Regular Physical Activity

The purpose of the four experiments which comprised this thesis was to describe the development of gas transport capacity and cardiorespiratory function during exercise as a function of body size, growth, physical activity and heart size in boys between 9 and 15 years of age.;A cross-sectional design incorporating three groups of 39 boys each, between 9.5 to 11.5, 11.6 to 13.5 and 13.6 to 15.5 years of age was used in the first two experiments. There was equal representation of active and inactive boys (as determined by questionnaire) within each age group. These experiments described (1) the relationship between maximal gas transport capacity as measured by aerobic power (VO(,2)(\u27 )max) and echocardiographically determined measurements of resting cardiac size, (2) the relative contribution of body size, physical activity and selected measurements of cardiac size in determining VO(,2)(\u27 )max and stroke volume (SV submax) during heavy intensity submaximal exercise and (3) the relative contribution of stroke volume and arterio-venous oxygen difference (Ca-vO(,2) diff) in determining exercise oxygen uptake (VO(,2)(\u27 )submax) in boys at different stages of development between 9 and 15 years of age.;VO(,2)(\u27 )max was measured during treadmill exercise, heart size was studied by M-mode echocardiography during supine rest, and level of physical activity was assessed by questionnaire. Submaximal oxygen uptake (VO(,2)(\u27 )submax) and cardiac output (Q)(\u27 )were determined by the open circuit and indirect Fick (CO(,2)) rebreathe techniques respectively, at three submaximal work rates during cycle ergometer exercise and interpolated to a heart rate of 155 beats.min(\u27-1). SV and Ca-vO(,2) diff were determined by solution of the Fick equation at each level of exercise and were also interpolated to a heart rate of 155 beats.min(\u27-1). . . . (Author\u27s abstract exceeds stipulated maximum length. Discontinued here with permission of school.) UM

Effects of single-leg drop-landing exercise from different heights on skeletal adaptations in prepubertal girls: a randomized controlled study

Few studies have explored osteogenic potential of prepubertal populations. We conducted a 28-week school-based exercise trial of single-leg drop-landing exercise with 42 prepubertal girls (6 to 10 years) randomly assigned to control (C), low-drop (LD) or high-drop (HD) exercise groups. The latter two groups performed single-leg drop-landings (3 sessions/week-1 and 50 landings/session-1) from 14 cm(LD) and 28 cm(HD) using the nondominant leg. Osteogenic responses were assessed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). Single-leg peak ground-reaction impact forces (PGRIF) in a subsample ranged from 2.5 to 4.4 x body-weight (BW). No differences (p > .05) were observed among groups at baseline for age, stature, lean tissue mass (LTM), leisure time physical activity, or average daily calcium intake. After adjusting for covariates of body mass, fat mass and LTM, no differences were found in bone mineral measures or site-specific bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip and lower leg among exercise or control groups. Combining data from both exercise groups failed to produce differences in bone properties when compared with the control group. No changes were apparent for between-leg differences from baseline to posttraining. In contrast to some reports, our findings suggest that strictly controlled unimodal, unidirectional single-leg drop-landing exercises involving low-moderate peak ground-reaction impact forces are not osteogenic in the developing prepubertal female skeleton