o caso dos Vaz Preto e Tavares Proença na Beira Baixa

UIDB/04209/2020 UIDP/04209/2020A transição entre Antigo Regime e o Liberalismo significou uma alteração profunda nos modelos de representação política e social. Se no passado no acesso aos lugares de destaque se privilegiava o nascimento e a predominância social da chamada “gente da governança”, com o poder económico baseado na posse da terra, o Liberalismo apostou na meritocracia, promovendo outras formas de acumular fortuna. Porém, as continuidades foram evidentes e as antigas elites souberam adaptar-se, aumentando o seu poder económico, político e social. Foram estesos casos das famílias dos Vaz Preto e Tavares Proença na Beira Baixa. The transition between the Old Regime and Liberalism meant a profound change in the models of political and social representation. If in the past when accessing prom-inent places, the birth and social predominance of the so-called “governance people” were privileged, with economic power based on land tenure, Liberalism bet on mer-itocracy, promoting other ways of accumulating fortune. However, the continuities were evident and the old elites were able to adapt, increasing their economic, polit-ical and social power. These were the cases of the Vaz Preto and Tavares Proença families in Beira Baixa.publishersversionpublishe

Modelos empíricos para la predicción de la geometría del cordón en soldaduras a tope de aceros inoxidables dúplex SAF 2205

La presente investigación muestra dos modelos empíricos que permiten predecir la geometría del cordón de soldadura a tope de un acero inoxidable dúplex tipo 2205. Para obtener dichos modelos se empleó una metodología que permite utilizar los parámetros operacionales más importantes de la soldadura, como son: la intensidad de corriente (I), el voltaje (E), la velocidad de pasada (v) y calor aportado (HI). Se realizaron diferentes combinaciones de dichos parámetros para realizar la soldadura por arco sumergido (SAW). A cada muestra se le realizó la medición de la geometría del cordón a través de un barrido de 360° con 38 mediciones para obtener los modelos, los cuales luego fueron validados a través de gráficas de control. Se pudo observar que al aumentar la intensidad de corriente y el calor aportado, aumenta la geometría del cordón, es decir, la penetración, el ancho y la altura, mientras que lo inverso ocurre cuando se incrementa la velocidad de pasada.Postprint (published version

Empirical expression for the prediction of penetration in butt joints for duplex stainless steel SAF 2205

La presente investigación muestra dos modelos empíricos que permiten predecir la geometría del cordón de soldadura a tope de un acero inoxidable dúplex tipo 2205. Para obtener dichos modelos se empleó una metodología que permite utilizar los parámetros operacionales más importantes de la soldadura, como son: la intensidad de corriente (I), el voltaje (E), la velocidad de pasada (v) y calor aportado (HI). Se realizaron diferentes combinaciones de dichos parámetros para realizar la soldadura por arco sumergido (SAW). A cada muestra se le realizó la medición de la geometría del cordón a través de un barrido de 360° con 38 mediciones para obtener los modelos, los cuales luego fueron validados a través de gráficas de control. Se pudo observar que al aumentar la intensidad de corriente y el calor aportado, aumenta la geometría del cordón, es decir, la penetración, el ancho y la altura, mientras que lo inverso ocurre cuando se incrementa la velocidad de pasada.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Síndrome metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Introducción. El Síndrome Metabólico comprende un conjunto de factores de riesgo cardiovascular y constituye uno de los principales problemaspara los pacientes diabéticos. Objetivo. Determinar la frecuencia del síndrome metabólico en pacientes de 40 años y más con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Método. Se realizó un estudio transversal a los pacientes con el diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del consultorio médico 8 del Policlínico Universitario Hermanos Cruz, Pinar del Río, de julio a diciembre de 2014; mediante una encuesta,  se obtuvieron las variables edad, sexo y antecedentes patológicos personales. Se les realizó medición de la presión arterial y de la circunferencia de la cintura y determinación en sangre de triglicéridos y HDL-colesterol. Los datos obtenidos fueron descritos a través de frecuencias absolutas y relativas: porcentuales. Resultado. La frecuencia de síndrome metabólico en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 fue elevada (73.8%), con predominio del sexo femenino y en edades de 60- 69 años y de los componentes del síndrome metabólico la asociación más frecuente fue la de diabetes tipo 2, hipertensión arterial, obesidad abdominal y triglicéridos elevados . Conclusiones. El Síndrome Metabólico tiene una alta frecuencia en pacientes diabéticos y su diagnóstico temprano nos permitirá aplicar intervenciones que promuevan cambios a estilos de vida saludables y tratamientos preventivos que impidan las complicaciones de la diabetes y de la enfermedad cardiovascular

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 Among Healthcare Workers in Venezuela:An Online Cross-Sectional Survey

Background: The deterioration of Venezuela's health system in recent years undoubtedly contributes to an increased impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) toward COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic could inform their medical training and improve their preparedness. Methods: A online national cross-sectional survey was conducted between May 26th and May 30th, 2020, to assess KAPs among HCWs in Venezuela. Results: A total of 1,441 HCWs from all 24 regions of the country responded to the survey. The mean age of the HCWs was 44 (SD [standard deviation] 14) years; most were women (66.4%). Most HCWs were specialized doctors (48%), followed by nurses (13%) and resident doctors (12.3%). The majority of HCWs had good knowledge (76.3%), obtained information mainly from scientific literature (85.4%); had negative attitudes (53.6%), felt uncomfortable with their work during the current pandemic (59.8%); and reported appropriate practices (76.9%). However, participation in COVID-19 related training was absent in more than half of the HCWs. Positive attitudes were significantly more frequent in frontline workers than in non-frontline workers (p = 0.001). Bioanalysts, students, and doctors were more likely to have good knowledge; participating in training was a predictor for positive attitudes and older age was an appropriate practice predictor. Conclusions: HCWs, knowledge in Venezuela could be improved by strengthening education and training programs. Strategies should focus on reducing fear and improving attitudes toward the care of COVID-19 patients, as well as the promotion of preventive practices

Descripción y alternativas de mitigación de los impactos ambientales negativos por la introducción de la crianza del búfalo (Bubalus bubalis)

A number of alternatives to diminish negative environmental impacts before introducing buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) breeding in two livestock centers from MINAZ (Ministry of Sugar Cane Industry) in Granma province, Cuba are described. Research included eight units located in Bayamo, Manzanillo, Yara, and Bartolomé Masó municipalities. It dealt with the study of soil, water, climate, and biodiversity conditions to create a productive system guaranteeing environment conservation and monitoring, as well as the epidemiological surveillance of the introduced species and the directly exposed workers to the breeding system besides the preservation of buffalo, as a genetic resource, against extreme climate events. An environment monitoring program is presented. There were no negative environmental impacts preventing buffalo breeding in the studied livestock centers.Se describieron y propusieron alternativas de mitigación de impactos ambientales negativos para la introducción de la crianza del búfalo (Bubalus bubalis) en dos empresas agropecuarias azucareras en la provincia Granma, Cuba. Los estudios abarcaron la situación del suelo, agua, clima y la biodiversidad, para la conformación de un sistema productivo que facilitara la conservación del medio ambiente y su monitoreo, incluida además la vigilancia epidemiológica de la especie, así como la de los trabajadores directamente expuestos al sistema de crianza, y la preservación del búfalo como recurso genético frente a eventos extremos del clima. Se presenta un programa para el monitoreo de esta actividad. No se identificaron impactos ambientales que imposibiliten la crianza de esta especie en las áreas designadas

Pollution monitoring in two urban areas of Cuba by using Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. and top soil samples: spatial distribution and sources

This work provides a comprehensive report on the chemical composition of 47 major and trace elements in Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. and top soil samples from the cities of Cienfuegos and Santa Clara in Cuba. The main aims were to provide new information on the urban pollution degree in Caribbean urban regions where the availability of data of urban health indicators are very limited and to identify the main pollution sources. The abundance of the analyzed elements at both type of samples were different at each urban regions suggesting the influence of various sources. Top soils were slightly contaminated with Zn, V, Ba, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu, Co and Hg and seriously contaminated with Ni and Cr in Santa Clara. These and other elements such as Se, S, P, Cd, Mo and Ca where highly enriched in T. recurvata indicating a significant impact of anthropogenic sources in the air quality of both urban areas. Cluster analysis helped us associate most of the elements with an anthropogenic origin with three main pollution sources: road traffic, industrial emissions and oil combustion. The spatial variability was particularly useful to identify some of these sources including the emissions from diesel and fuel oil combustion in power stations, biomass burning and metallurgic industries. The results also showed that V and Ni were strongly associated to the oil combustion and that V/Ni ratio indices in both indicators can be used to trace this type of sources. The results presented in this study confirmed the conclusion that both T. recurvata and top soils can be used as feasible indicators of the health of Caribbean urban ecosystems and the distribution of the main pollution sources that are affecting them