The band gap problem: the accuracy of the Wien2k code confronted

This paper is a continuation of our detailed study [Phys. Rev. B 86, 195106 (2012)] of the performance of the recently proposed modified Becke-Jonhson potential (mBJLDA) within the known Wien2k code. From the 41 semiconductors that we have considered in our previous paper to compute the band gap value, we selected 27 for which we found low temperature experimental data in order to pinpoint the relative situation of the newly proposed Wien2k(mBJLDA) method as compared to other methods in the literature. We found that the GWA gives the most accurate predictions. The Wien2k (mBJLDA) code is slightly less precise, in general. The Hybrid functionals are less accurate, on the overall. The GWA is definitely the most precise existing method nowadays. In 88% of the semiconductors considered the error was less than 10%. Both, the GWA and the mBJLDA potential, reproduce the band gap of 15 of the 27 semiconductors considered with a 5% error or less. An extra factor to be taken into account is the computational cost. If one would seek for precision without taking this factor into account, the GWA is the method to use. If one would prefer to sacrifice a little the precision obtained against the savings in computational cost, the empirical mBJLDA potential seems to be the appropriate method. We include a graph that compares directly the performance of the best three methods, according to our analysis, for each of the 27 semiconductors studied. The situation is encouraging but the problem is not yet a closed issue.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figur

PEF treatments of high specific energy permit the reduction of maceration time during vinification of Caladoc and Grenache grapes

Phenolic compounds extracted from the solid parts of the grapes during the maceration-fermentation stage define many of the sensory attributes of red wine such as color, bitterness or astringency. The effect of moderate a PEF treatment (M-PEF) (5 kV·cm-1, 8.8 kJ·kg-1) and an intense PEF treatment (I-PEF) (5 kV·cm-1, 52.9 kJ·kg-1) on the reduction of maceration time during vinification of Caladoc and Grenache grapes was investigated. In both grape varieties, M-PEF treatment combined with 4 days of maceration was the most effective treatment in achieving high anthocyanin content, color intensity and total phenol index at the end of fermentation. The I-PEF treatment promoted a rapid release of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, along with a fast increment in the color intensity of the must after 24 h of maceration. Although the color intensity and anthocyanin content decreased significantly throughout fermentation when grape pomace was removed after 24 h, these parameters were similar, after 3 months of bottling, in the case of Caladoc and slightly lower in Grenache than the control wine, for which maceration was extended for 10 days. Therefore, results obtained in this investigation are the first to demonstrate the potential of I-PEF for the reduction of maceration time to 24 h in red winemaking

Performance of the modified Becke-Johnson potential

Very recently, in the 2011 version of the Wien2K code, the long standing shortcome of the codes based on Density Functional Theory, namely, its impossibility to account for the experimental band gap value of semiconductors, was overcome. The novelty is the introduction of a new exchange and correlation potential, the modified Becke-Johnson potential (mBJLDA). In this paper, we report our detailed analysis of this recent work. We calculated using this code, the band structure of forty one semiconductors and found an important improvement in the overall agreement with experiment as Tran and Blaha [{\em Phys. Rev. Lett.} 102, 226401 (2009)] did before for a more reduced set of semiconductors. We find, nevertheless, within this enhanced set, that the deviation from the experimental gap value can reach even much more than 20%, in some cases. Furthermore, since there is no exchange and correlation energy term from which the mBJLDA potential can be deduced, a direct optimization procedure to get the lattice parameter in a consistent way is not possible as in the usual theory. These authors suggest that a LDA or a GGA optimization procedure is used previous to a band structure calculation and the resulting lattice parameter introduced into the 2011 code. This choice is important since small percentage differences in the lattice parameter can give rise to quite higher percentage deviations from experiment in the predicted band gap value.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 5 Table

Development of a passive mini-direct ethanol fuel cell : effect of mea assembly parameters by hot pressure.

This paper presents preliminary results on the design, construction and evaluation of a passive mini direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), capillary fed with 2 mol l-1 aqueous ethanol, at a rate of 2.03 μL min-1, and air oxygen in the cathode through an air vent. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and time of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) by hot-pressure were evaluated. As the electrode holder used a 0.25 cm2 carbon tissue which was deposited on the catalytic layer (C. L.) for both the anode (0.8 mg cm-2 of PtRu/C) and the cathode (0.8 mg cm-2 of Pt/C), Nafi on® 115 membranes were used as the electrolyte. The results show, an average power density of 302 μWcm2 under the best conditions used, a catalytic layer with a Nafi on percentage of 50% at 25 °C. A temperature of 125 °C, a pressure of 49.2 Kg/cm2, and 90 seconds duration were used to obtain the MEA

Development of a Passive Mini-Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell: Effect of Mea Assembly Parameters by Hot Pressure

This paper presents preliminary results on the design, construction and evaluation of a passive mini direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC), capillary fed with 2 mol l-1 aqueous ethanol, at a rate of 2.03 μL min-1, and air oxygen in the cathode through an air vent. Parameters such as pressure, temperature and time of manufacturing a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) by hot-pressure were evaluated. As the electrode holder used a 0.25 cm2 carbon tissue which was deposited on the catalytic layer (C. L.) for both the anode (0.8 mg cm-2of PtRu/C) and the cathode (0.8 mg cm -2of Pt/C), Nafi on® 115 membranes were used as the electrolyte. The results show, an average power density of 302 μWcm2 under the best conditions used, a catalytic layer with a Nafi on percentage of 50% at 25 °C. A temperature of 125 °C, a pressure of 49.2 Kg/cm2, and 90 seconds duration were used to obtain the MEA