Eating behavior, bone mass and body composition in rhythmic gymnastics athletes relative to the chronological age and to the somatic maturation

Orientador: Gil Guerra JúniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: Estrutura da tese: No presente estudo optou-se pelo "Modelo Escandinavo", o qual é chamado de "Modelo Alternativo" no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Dessa forma, a tese foi composta por introdução geral, objetivos, capítulos (1, 2 e 3) e conclusão geral. A introdução apresentou considerações sobre a ginástica rítmica, abordou aspectos sobre o comportamento alimentar, a massa óssea e técnica de sua avaliação por meio da ultrassonografia das falanges. Os capítulos 1 a 3 apresentam os artigos de acordo com as normas específicas de periódicos de circulação internacional. As principais conclusões dos artigos foram apresentadas na conclusão geral. As referências bibliográficas foram apresentadas no final de cada capítulo e da tese. Objetivo: O estudo teve como objetivos: (1) avaliar a composição corporal e a massa óssea com o comportamento alimentar em atletas de elite de ginástica rítmica. (2) analisar o crescimento físico e a composição corporal de atletas de ginástica rítmica em relação à maturação somática e (3) avaliar a massa óssea de atletas de ginástica rítmica em relação à idade cronológica e à maturação somática. Materiais e Métodos: Foram incluídas no estudo 136 atletas do sexo feminino de 23 equipes de ginástica rítmica de 10 estados do Brasil, que participam de campeonatos nacionais de alto nível. A faixa etária do grupo estudado variou de 9 a 16 anos de idade (12,3 ± 1,9). Foram avaliadas as medidas de peso, altura e dobras cutâneas e calculados o índice de massa corporal (IMC), altura tronco-cefálica (altura sentada), massa gorda, massa isenta de gordura e percentual de gordura corporal. O valores de peso e altura foram transformados em z escore segundo o padrão da WHO (2007) e Silva et al. (2012). A maturação somática, denominada pico de velocidade de crescimento (PVC), foi determinada por meio de uma equação de regressão múltipla. A classificação do desenvolvimento puberal foi realizada por meio da auto-avaliação do desenvolvimento das mamas. Para avaliar o comportamento alimentar foi adotado o Eating Attitudes Test (EAT- 26). Foi registrado o número de horas de treinamento e de sessões semanais e a idade da menarca através de um questionário. A massa óssea foi avaliada por meio da ultrassonografia nas falanges utilizando-se a terceira geração do equipamento DBM Sonic BP (IGEA, Carpi, Italy). Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados, com aplicação dos testes t, Shapiro-Wilk, análise de variância ANOVA, qui-quadrado, teste de Tukey e Mann-Whitney, com um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Os resultados monstraram que o comportamento alimentar das ginastas de elite não está relacionado com a faixa etária, puberdade, composição corporal e com a massa óssea. Os escores z do peso foram negativos em todas as idades em relação às referências nacional e internacional e da altura ficaram abaixo em todas as idades em relação à internacional e apenas até 12 anos em relação à nacional. O PVC máximo apresentou-se aos 12,1 anos e até quatro anos após observou-se aumento significativo em peso, altura, altura tronco-cefálica, percentual de gordura, massas gorda e isenta de gordura. Foram observadas diferenças significativas na massa óssea no BTT (Bone Transmission Time em ?/s) apenas no momento do PVC e na AD-SoS (Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound em m/s) dos 12,1 aos 15,4 anos. O maior aumento na massa óssea ocorreu no momento do PVC. Os valores da massa óssea são ascendentes antes do PVC e estáveis após. Conclusão: O estudo constatou comportamento alimentar inadequado e estado nutricional predominantemente baixo, fatores que não foram preditores de atraso no desenvolvimento puberal e não estiveram associados à massa óssea. As ginastas rítmicas demonstraram diminuição da massa óssea, encontraram-se abaixo das referências internacional e nacional para peso, mas para altura abaixo da referência internacional em todas as idades e referência nacionail até 12 anos de idade. Elas apresentaram PVC e menarca em idades semelhantes às referências internacionais, porém com potencial de ganho de peso e altura vários anos após o PVC, o que pode indicar a maturação tardiaAbstract: Structure of the thesis: In this study we chose the "Scandinavian Model", which is called "Alternative Model" in the Graduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health from the Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas. Thus, the thesis consisted of general introduction, objectives, chapters (1, 2 and 3) and a general conclusion. A general introduction presented considerations in rhythmic gymnastics, addressed issues on feeding behavior, bone mass and its evaluation by phalanges ultrasound. Chapters 1-3 present the articles in accordance with the specific rules of international journals. The main conclusions of the papers were presented at the general conclusion. References were presented at the end of each chapter and the thesis. Objective: The study aimed to: (1) evaluate the body composition and bone mass with eating behavior of elite rhythmic gymnasts, (2) analyze the physical growth and body composition of rhythmic gymnastics athletes relative to their level of somatic maturation and (3) assess bone mass in elite athletes of rhythmic gymnastics in relation to chronological age and somatic maturation and compare with literature data of female non-athletes of the same age (12.3 ± 1.9). Materials and Methods: The study included 136 female athletes from 23 Rhythmic Gymnastics teams from 10 states of Brazil, who participate in high-level national championships. The age of the study group ranged from 9 to 16 years of age. The measurements of weight, height and thickness skinfolds were done. It was calculated the body mass index (BMI), height-cephalic trunk (sitting height), fat and lean mass, and body fat percentage. The values of weight and height were transformed in score z according tho WHO (2007) reference. Somatic maturation, called peak of height velocity (PHV), was determined by a multiple regression equation. The evaluation of puberty was performed through selfassessment of breast development. It was adopted the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) to evaluate the feeding behavior. We assessed the number of hours of training and weekly sessions and age at menarche by questionnaires. The bone mass was assessed by ultrasound at the phalanges using the third generation of equipment DBM Sonic BP (IGEA, Carpi, Italy). Descriptive analysis, t-tests, Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA, qui-squared, Tukey and Mann-Whitney test, with a significance level of 5%, were applied. Results: The results showed that the eating behavior (EAT-26) of elite gymnasts is not related to age, puberty, body composition and bone mass. The z scores for weight were negative during all ages according to both WHO and a Brazilian references, but for height were also negative for all ages according to WHO reference and only until 12 years old according to a Brazilian reference. The maximum PHV curred at 12.1 years and up to four years after it was observed a significant increase in weight, height, trunk-cephalic height, body fat percentage, fat and lean mass. The average age of menarche was 13.2 years. There were significant differences in bone mass by BTT (Bone Transmission Time in ?/S) only at the time of PHV and by AD-SOS (Amplitude Dependent Speed of Sound in m/s) from 12,1 to 15,4 years. The greatest increase in bone mass occurred at the time of PHV. The values of the bone mass are up before the PHV and stable after. Conclusion: The study found inadequate eating behavior and predominant low nutritional status, factors that were not predictors of delayed pubertal development and were not associated with bone mass. The rhythmic gymnasts showed decreased bone mass, were at below the national and international references for weights but heights below the international reference for all ages and national reference until 12 years of age. PHV and menarche were at similar age of to international references, but with potential for weight and height gain several years after the PHV, which indicates late developmentDoutoradoSaude da Criança e do AdolescenteDoutora em Ciência

Growth And Body Composition In Brazilian Female Rhythmic Gymnastics Athletes.

The aim was to analyse the physical growth and body composition of rhythmic gymnastics athletes relative to their level of somatic maturation. This was a cross-sectional study of 136 athletes on 23 teams from Brazil. Mass, standing height and sitting height were measured. Fat-free and fat masses, body fat percentages and ages of the predicted peak height velocity (PHV) were calculated. The z scores for mass were negative during all ages according to both WHO and Brazilian references, and that for standing height were also negative for all ages according to WHO reference but only until 12 years old according to Brazilian reference. The mean age of the predicted PHV was 12.1 years. The mean mass, standing and sitting heights, body fat percentage, fat-free mass and fat mass increased significantly until 4 to 5 years after the age of the PHV. Menarche was reached in only 26% of these athletes and mean age was 13.2 years. The mass was below the national reference standards, and the standing height was below only for the international reference, but they also had late recovery of mass and standing height during puberty. In conclusion, these athletes had a potential to gain mass and standing height several years after PHV, indicating late maturation.321790-

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiv

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiva

Resumos em andamento - Saúde Coletiv

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Comentários a uma sentença anunciada : o processo Lula

“Comentários a uma sentença: o Caso Lula” é talvez o mais importante documento jurídico publicado no Brasil em décadas. A presente coletânea de artigos nasceu de um movimento espontâneo e bastante significativo de juristas brasileiros e estrangeiros que examinaram cuidadosamente a sentença proferida no âmbito do processo que tramitou na 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba, no caso que ficou conhecido na mídia como o do “tríplex do Guarujá”. <br>De la presentación de Geraldo Prad

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Comentarios a una sentencia anunciada : el proceso Lula

El centenar de textos que conforman este libro -escritos por un movimiento de prestigiosos/as juristas y abogados- desgranan el procedimiento al que fue sometido Lula. En la opinión de las y los autores de los artículos las normas no fueron observadas, y su inobservancia llevó a que se dictaminase una decisión injusta. Frases del estilo "Voy a tomar una decisión revolucionaria, dejando de lado la ley, porque por la ley no se puede condenarlo de ninguna manera”, dichas en los juicios por las más altas autoridades judiciales militares y civiles, hoy son conocidas gracias a quienes se abocaron al trabajo de escuchar los audios de aquellas sesiones, nutriendo las reflexiones que argumentan sobre el imperativo de la hora: restablecer el estado de derecho y absolver al presidente Lula Da Silva