ScALPEL: A Scalable Adaptive Lightweight Performance Evaluation Library for application performance monitoring

As supercomputers continue to grow in scale and capabilities, it is becoming increasingly difficult to isolate processor and system level causes of performance degradation. Over the last several years, a significant number of performance analysis and monitoring tools have been built/proposed. However, these tools suffer from several important shortcomings, particularly in distributed environments. In this paper we present ScALPEL, a Scalable Adaptive Lightweight Performance Evaluation Library for application performance monitoring at the functional level. Our approach provides several distinct advantages. First, ScALPEL is portable across a wide variety of architectures, and its ability to selectively monitor functions presents low run-time overhead, enabling its use for large-scale production applications. Second, it is run-time configurable, enabling both dynamic selection of functions to profile as well as events of interest on a per function basis. Third, our approach is transparent in that it requires no source code modifications. Finally, ScALPEL is implemented as a pluggable unit by reusing existing performance monitoring frameworks such as Perfmon and PAPI and extending them to support both sequential and MPI applications.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

The Richard commission and the financing of devolved government : the economics of devolution in Wales: Briefing No. 8

If the Barnett formula is rigorously applied to determine the budget of the Welsh Assembly Government, this will ultimately adversely affect the economy of Wales by limiting the growth in aggregate demand. This effect is reinforced now that population weights determining rises in expenditure in Wales (and Scotland and Northern Ireland) are regularly up-dated. There is some controversy in Wales about whether some form of needs-assessment exercise would favour Wales relative to its current position. What is clear is that the outcome of a rigorous, long term application of the Barnett formula would be a share of UK public expenditures in Wales (and Scotland and Northern Ireland) that was almost certainly below the level that would be dictated by any conventional understanding of 'needs'. The impact of the tax-varying power favoured by the Richard Commission is ambiguous, with the direction of effects dependent on the reaction of the current labour force and potential migrants. If workers insist on full compensation for loss of income to tax through a rise in gross wages a tax rise would lead to an economic contraction. However, if workers value the additional public services financed by the tax rise as equal to their loss of disposable income, this effect can be avoided. Much in other words would depend on how the proceeds of the tax rise were spen

Hearing Waves: A Philosophy of Sound and Auditory Perception

This dissertation aims to revive wave theory in the philosophy of sound. Wave theory identifies sounds with compression waves. Despite its wide acceptance in the scientific community as the default position, many philosophers have rejected wave theory and opted for different versions of distal theory instead. According to this current majority view, a sound has its stationary location at its source. I argue against this and other alternative philosophical theories of sound and develop wave theory into a more defensible form. Philosophers of sound tend to emphasise how sounds are experienced to be in their arguments. Most often, it is assumed that that which appears to be a distally located bearer of auditory properties in an auditory experience is a sound. Chapter 1 argues that if this distal entity is the sound source instead, many of the existing theories of sound will be severely affected. Chapter 2 discusses auditory perception and criticises the common assumption that we hear non-sound entities in virtue of hearing sounds. I show that this assumption begs the question against certain theories of sound and that the contrary view that sound sources can be directly heard is more plausible. If sound sources can be directly heard, then features commonly attributed to sounds based on auditory experiences might rather be features of sound sources. I examine eight of such features in Chapter 3. Only four of them survive. Chapters 4 and 5 review the existing theories of sound. After a taxonomy of existing theories of sound, each theory is criticised one-by-one. Some of them are problematic precisely because they rely on the implausible assumption that that which appears to be distally located in an auditory experience is a sound rather than a sound source. Lastly, Chapter 6 focuses on wave theory. It begins with two positive arguments for wave theory in general, followed by my replies to two common objections in the literature. I then move on to develop my version of wave theory. There are two core aspects of my view. The first one is a metaphysics of compression waves; the second is an account of what it is to hear compression waves. After comparing my view with a similar theory, I demonstrate the explanatory power of my view in two steps. First, the eight commonly accepted features of sounds examined in Chapter 3 are revisited. It turns out that my view can accommodate all of them. Second, explanations for four special sound-related phenomena are offered at the end of the chapter. I conclude in the last chapter with the suggestion that, as a philosopher, the best way to defend wave theory is to offer a better understanding of auditory perception which explains how compression waves are experienced

Alat Sterilisasi Kering Dengan Kunci Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Dry Sterilizer with Automatic Lock Door Based on Microcontroller ATMEGA16A is a machine to sterilize surgical instruments. This sterilizer equips with an automatic solenoid locking door system that controlled by a temperature sensor. When the temperature inside the chamber is above 37 °C, the door will remain locked, because the temperature is higher than the temperature of the human body. When the temperature is 37 °C the door willautomatically open. Microcontroller ATMEGA16A as a controller sets the length of time of sterilization process and controls the work process of temperature sensors, solenoids, heater, LCD and relay. The results show that the heating process takes 5 minutes to reach 120 °C and the cooling process requires 15 minutes to reach 37 °C.Alat Sterilisasi Kering dengan Pengunci Otomatis Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMEGA16A adalah sebuah pemanas yang berfungsi sebagai peralatan untuk mensterilkan instrumen-instrumen bedah. Pengunci otomatis pada bagian pintu alat sterilisasi menggunakan kunci solenoid yang menutup dan membukanya diatur oleh sebuah sensor temperatur. Ketikatemperatur di dalam ruangan pemanas di atas 37 °C atau lebih panas dari temperatur tubuh manusia maka pintu alat sterilisasi akan tetap terkunci. Pada saat temperatur sudah mencapai 37 °C maka pintu akan otomatis terbuka. Mikrokontroler ATMEGA16A sebagai pemroses akan mengatur lama waktu proses sterilisasi, serta mengatur proses kerja sensor temperatur, solenoid, pemanas, LCD dan relay. Setelah diuji ternyata pemanasanmembutuhkan waktu rata-rata 5 menit untuk mencapai temperatur 120 °C. Proses pendinginan memerlukan waktu rata-rata 15 menit untuk mencapai temperatur 37 °C

Bering Sea deep circulation: Water properties and geopotential

Deep temperature and silicate data from the Bering Sea demonstrate patterns that are consistent and allow inference of near-bottom circulation. The cold source water enters Kamchatka Strait and mainly moves toward the southeast through a narrow topographic gap and into Bowers Basin. There is also a narrow, coherent flow eastward, and eventually southeastward, near the steep flank of Bowers Ridge. At levels ~100–300 m above the bottom, there is a suggestion of upward motion near the margins of much of the deep Bering Sea. Near-bottom geopotential gradients, referred to 3000 db, are in agreement with flow inferred from water properties

Pengaruh Penggunaan Fly Ash Pada Soil – Cement

Soil cement telah umum digunakan untuk meningkatkan kondisi tanah liat lunak yang mempunyai daya dukung rendah dan penurunan yang besar. Penggunan semen dalam jumlah besar menyebabkan metode ini menjadi mahal. Pada penelitian ini, kadar semen dikurangi dengan penggunaan fly ash dengan kadar tertentu. 8 tangki dengan diameter 46 cm diisi dengan tanah liat lunak setinggi 75 cm, lalu soil cement column dibuat pada tanah liat lunak pada setiap tangki. Pencampuran soil cement dan variasi kadar fly ash menggunakan dua cara yaitu dengan bubuk semen + fly ash (BS) dan semen cair + fly ash (SC). Untuk kadar fly ash yang diteliti adalah 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% dari berat semen. Sampel dari tiap campuran soil cement dilakukan pengetesan UC test dan CBR test. Hasil UC test pada sampel 28 hari, untuk campuran BS dengan kadar 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% mencapai kekuatan sebesar 20.8, 14.3, 22.8, dan 17.3 (kg/cm2), sedangkan campuran SC mencapai kekuatan sebesar 15.9, 12.71, 10.83, dan 17.3 (kg/cm2). Selanjutnya nilai CBR dengan kadar fly ash 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% menghasilkan nilai sebesar 72.5%, 55.4%, 60.7%, dan 44.3% untuk BS, dan 52.3%, 53.9%, 60.7%, dan 42.7% untuk SC

Traceability for Food Safety and Quality Assurance: Mandatory Systems Miss the Mark

Traceability systems are record-keeping systems that are primarily used to help keep foods with different attributes separate from one another. When information about a particular attribute of a food product is systematically recorded from creation through marketing, traceability for that attribute is established. Recently, policy makers in many countries have begun weighing the usefulness of mandatory traceability for managing such diverse problems as the threat of bio-terrorism, country-of-origin labelling, mad cow disease, and identification of genetically engineered foods. The question before policymakers is, When is mandatory traceability a useful and appropriate policy choice?Agricultural and Food Policy, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Antibacterial Activity of Andaliman Ethanol Extract (Zantoxylum Acanthopodium Dc.) Against Porphyromonas Gingivalis Bacteria

Periodontitis is a destructive inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth that causes further damage to the periodontal ligament, alveolar bone to the formation of pockets, and decreased gums caused by the bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. The most common and frequent periodontal disease is chronic periodontitis which is caused by the accumulation of plaque and calculus. Alternative treatment using herbal ingredients such as andaliman fruit (Zantoxylum acanthopodium DC.) has therapeutic benefits because of its broad biological activity, and lower side effects. Andaliman fruit (Zantoxylum acanthopodium DC.) contains active compounds such as phenolic compounds, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, steroids, and alkaloids  that act as antibacterial. The aim of this study was to determine the minimum inhibitory level (MIC) and minimum killing rate (MBC) of andaliman fruit ethanol extract against Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The research procedure used for the MIC and MBC tests was broth microdilution and the number of colonies was counted using the total plate count (TPC)  with variations of 6 concentrations of andaliman fruit ethanol extract with 10% DMSO solvent and 0.2% Chlorhexidine. Statistical analysis in this study was performed using Levene Statistics and Post Hoc Dunnet T3. The ethanol extract of andaliman fruit has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum killing concentration (MBC) against the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration in the ethanol extract of andaliman fruit was at a concentration of 25%, while the minimum killing concentration was at a concentration of 100%