Psicologia da saúde e qualidade de vida: pesquisas e intervenções em psicologia clínica

La Psychologie de la Santé, actuel champ appliqué du secteur de la Psychologie, a développé d'innombrables recherches rapportées aux questions de santé, en démontrant les formes possibles d'interventions qui concernent la relation recherche et pratique. Dans ce contexte, le présent article vise à commenter l'accord de ce secteur, à travers les constructs santé et qualité de vie en psychologie clinique, en indiquant des études rapportées à ce champ scientifique. Des recherches récentes dans ce secteur pointent sur quelques interventions possibles en psychologie clinique, dans lesquelles se détachent la qualité de vie et l'interdisciplinarité.La Psicología de la Salud, campo actual aplicado en el área de la Psicología, ha desarrollado innumerables investigaciones relacionadas a las cuestiones de salud, demostrando las posibles formas de intervenciones relacionando la investigación y práctica. En este ámbito, el presente artículo pretende discutir acerca del entendimiento de esta área, a través de los factores benéficos de la salud y la calidad de vida en psicología clínica, apuntando estudios relacionados a este campo científico. Recientes investigaciones en esta área apuntan para posibles intervenciones en psicología clínica, en las cuales se destacan la calidad de vida y la interdisciplinariedad.Health Psychology – the current applied field in the area of the Psychology – has developed several researches related to the issues of health demonstrating the possible ways of interventions concerned to the mutual relationship between the research and the practice. In this scope, this paper aims to deal with the comprehension of this area by the constructs health and quality of life in clinical psychology, pointing out the studies related to this scientific field. Recent researches in this area point to some possible interventions in clinical psychology, in which the quality of life and the interdisciplinarity are outstanding.A Psicologia da Saúde – atual campo aplicado da área da Psicologia – tem desenvolvido inúmeras pesquisas relacionadas às questões de saúde, demonstrando as possíveis formas de intervenções que dizem respeito à inter-relação pesquisa e prática. Neste âmbito, o presente artigo visa discorrer acerca do entendimento desta área, através dos constructos saúde e qualidade de vida em psicologia clínica, apontando estudos relacionados a este campo científico. Recentes pesquisas nesta área apontam para algumas possíveis intervenções em psicologia clínica, nas quais destacam-se a qualidade de vida e a interdisciplinaridade

Quality of life in women living with HIV/Aids

O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a qualidade de vida em mulheres portadoras de HIV/AIDS, em destaque as relações sociais e a sexualidade. Foram analisados também aspectos sociodemográficos e situação clínica (marcadores biológicos CD4+ e carga viral) de 63 mulheres entre 18 e 65 anos em uso de terapia antirretroviral. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, transversal descritivo analítico. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: ficha de dados sociodemográficos e da situação clínica e WHOQOL-HIV bref. Os resultados mostraram as maiores médias nos domínios espiritualidade/religião/crenças pessoais e relações sociais na avaliação da qualidade de vida. Quanto à situação laboral, as mulheres que trabalhavam apresentaram médias superiores nos domínios psicológico, relações sociais e nível de independência com relação às mulheres que não trabalhavam. Desta forma, ressalta-se a importância de que as ações no contexto de saúde voltada para estas mulheres incluam a atenção para o fortalecimento das suas relações sociais.The work aims to evaluated quality of life in women living with HIV/Aids, in prominence social relations and sexuality. The study assessed also socio demographic aspects and clinical situation (CD4+ and viral load) of 63 women, from 18 and 65 years old, in use of antiretroviral therapy. This study is quantitative, has cross sectional analytical descriptive character. It was used the instruments: socio demographic data questionnaire, biological markers: rate of CD4 and viral load and WHOQOL-HIV bref. The results show the higher averages in the spirituality/religion/ personal beliefs and social relations domains in the evaluation of quality of life. In relation to labor situation the women that worked showed higher averages in the psychological, social relations and independent level domains compared to women that didn’t work. In this way, it is standed out the importance that the actions in the context of health directed to these women include attention to reinforcement of their social relations

Comparison of pain burden and psychological factors in Brazilian women living with HIV and chronic neuropathic or nociceptive pain : an exploratory study

Psychological factors including pain catastrophizing and resilience associate with adjustment and quality of life in people living with chronic pain. Nevertheless, their presentation among females living with HIV and chronic pain has been poorly studied. Given that chronic pain in those living with HIV might occur due to different mechanisms (nociceptive or neuropathic), we hypothesize that the associated psychological states could also differ between these groups. We aimed to compare pain frequency and interference, psychological factors and sleep quality between females living with chronic nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Also, we explored correlations between psychological factors, pain severity and interference in females living with HIV and chronic pain. We performed a cross sectional study assessing females living with HIV and chronic pain, and compared it with a female HIV-positive, painfree control sample in Brazil. To discriminate the most likely underlying mechanism for the chronic pain, we applied the Leeds Assessment for Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms (LANSS). Forty-nine females living with HIV and chronic pain were assessed, and divided in control (n = 12), nociceptive (n = 10) and neuropathic pain (n = 27) groups. Using validated scales, their pain catastrophizing, resilience, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders were assessed between May 2014 and August 2015. Compared to controls, females living with HIV and neuropathic chronic pain had higher pain frequency (p<0.001), interference on activities (p = 0.002), interference with emotions (p<0.001), catastrophizing (p<0.001), depression (p = 0.015), and lower resilience (p = 0.011). Catastrophizing was also significantly correlated to the burden of chronic pain. The type of chronic pain in females living with HIV should raise concerns regarding significant burden in psychological states in this population (particularly neuropathic pain). Using scales such as the LANSS to identify the type of choric pain, could be of use to address relevant issues for the patients, and to propose tailored therapies

Fatores psicossociais associados para adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS no Brasil

Objective: The objective of this article was to investigate the biopsychosocial factors that influence adherence to treatment and the quality of life of individuals who have been successfully following the HIV/AIDS treatment. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out with 120 HIV positive participants in the south of Brazil. Among the variables studied, of note are: perceived stress, social support, symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life. Results: The results show that a moderate to high adherence to the treatment paired with a strong sense of social support indicate a higher quality of life. Conclusion: The combination of social support and antiretroviral treatment have an impact on physical conditions, improving immune response and quality of life.Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os fatores biopsicossociais para adesão e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS bem-sucedidas no tratamento de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 120 participantes portadores de HIV do sul do Brasil. Entre as variáveis estudadas, destacam-se: estresse percebido, suporte social, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e qualidade de vida. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que a adesão ao tratamento moderada para alta com boa percepção do suporte social indica melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O suporte social e o tratamento antirretroviral têm impacto nas condições físicas, promovendo aumento na resposta imunológica e na qualidade de vida

Fatores psicossociais associados para adesão ao tratamento e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS no Brasil

Objective: The objective of this article was to investigate the biopsychosocial factors that influence adherence to treatment and the quality of life of individuals who have been successfully following the HIV/AIDS treatment. Methods: It is a cross-sectional study carried out with 120 HIV positive participants in the south of Brazil. Among the variables studied, of note are: perceived stress, social support, symptoms of anxiety and depression and quality of life. Results: The results show that a moderate to high adherence to the treatment paired with a strong sense of social support indicate a higher quality of life. Conclusion: The combination of social support and antiretroviral treatment have an impact on physical conditions, improving immune response and quality of life.Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo foi investigar os fatores biopsicossociais para adesão e qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com HIV/AIDS bem-sucedidas no tratamento de saúde. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com 120 participantes portadores de HIV do sul do Brasil. Entre as variáveis estudadas, destacam-se: estresse percebido, suporte social, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e qualidade de vida. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que a adesão ao tratamento moderada para alta com boa percepção do suporte social indica melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O suporte social e o tratamento antirretroviral têm impacto nas condições físicas, promovendo aumento na resposta imunológica e na qualidade de vida

Comparison of pain burden and psychological factors in Brazilian women living with HIV and chronic neuropathic or nociceptive pain : an exploratory study

Psychological factors including pain catastrophizing and resilience associate with adjustment and quality of life in people living with chronic pain. Nevertheless, their presentation among females living with HIV and chronic pain has been poorly studied. Given that chronic pain in those living with HIV might occur due to different mechanisms (nociceptive or neuropathic), we hypothesize that the associated psychological states could also differ between these groups. We aimed to compare pain frequency and interference, psychological factors and sleep quality between females living with chronic nociceptive or neuropathic pain. Also, we explored correlations between psychological factors, pain severity and interference in females living with HIV and chronic pain. We performed a cross sectional study assessing females living with HIV and chronic pain, and compared it with a female HIV-positive, painfree control sample in Brazil. To discriminate the most likely underlying mechanism for the chronic pain, we applied the Leeds Assessment for Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms (LANSS). Forty-nine females living with HIV and chronic pain were assessed, and divided in control (n = 12), nociceptive (n = 10) and neuropathic pain (n = 27) groups. Using validated scales, their pain catastrophizing, resilience, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders were assessed between May 2014 and August 2015. Compared to controls, females living with HIV and neuropathic chronic pain had higher pain frequency (p<0.001), interference on activities (p = 0.002), interference with emotions (p<0.001), catastrophizing (p<0.001), depression (p = 0.015), and lower resilience (p = 0.011). Catastrophizing was also significantly correlated to the burden of chronic pain. The type of chronic pain in females living with HIV should raise concerns regarding significant burden in psychological states in this population (particularly neuropathic pain). Using scales such as the LANSS to identify the type of choric pain, could be of use to address relevant issues for the patients, and to propose tailored therapies

Educative workshops on HIV/Aids : proposing interventions for elderly

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma oficina educativa sobre HIV/ aids em um grupo de idosos. A população incluiu 471 indivíduos entre 60 e 91 anos composta principalmente por mulheres (83,1%). Procedeu-se a aplicação e reaplicação de um questionário organizado em cinco domínios, antes e após as oficinas. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para comparar as respostas pré e pós-oficina (p<0,05) no programa estatístico STATA 12. Dentre os domínios, a maior variação (202,72%) ocorreu no domínio “conceito” sobre a fase assintomática da infecção. No domínio “transmissão”, a variação foi de 168,53% para a transmissão do HIV por picada de mosquito. No domínio “prevenção”, na questão sobre existência do preservativo feminino, a variação foi de 44%. O domínio “vulnerabilidade” indicou 34,93% na questão da aids relacionada a grupos específicos. No domínio “tratamento”, a abordagem da cura para a aids obteve 50,85% de variação. A realização das oficinas demonstrou ser uma intervenção eficaz nos domínios “conceito”, “transmissão”, “prevenção”, “vulnerabilidade” e “tratamento” nos idosos participantes da pesquisa.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational workshops instructing about HIV/Aids in a group of elderly. The population included 471 individuals between 60 and 91 years old, mostly women (83.1%). A questionnaire comprising five domains was answered by participants before and after taking the educational workshops. McNemar test was used to assess differences between pre-and post-workshop, through thr software STATA 12 (p<0.05). The greatest variation (202.72%) was observed in the “concept” domain related to the asymptomatic infection phase. Regarding “HIV transmission”, the variation was 168.53%. The domain “prevention” had variation of 44% concerning the existence of female condom. The “vulnerability” domain inquired about Aids association in specific groups, and a difference of 34.93% was observed. In the “treatment” domain, when inquiring about Aids cure, 50.85% variation was observed. The educational workshops were effective for the domains “concept”, “transmission”, “prevention”, “vulnerability” and “treatment” in a group of elderly

Educative workshops on HIV/Aids : proposing interventions for elderly

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a eficácia de uma oficina educativa sobre HIV/ aids em um grupo de idosos. A população incluiu 471 indivíduos entre 60 e 91 anos composta principalmente por mulheres (83,1%). Procedeu-se a aplicação e reaplicação de um questionário organizado em cinco domínios, antes e após as oficinas. O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para comparar as respostas pré e pós-oficina (p<0,05) no programa estatístico STATA 12. Dentre os domínios, a maior variação (202,72%) ocorreu no domínio “conceito” sobre a fase assintomática da infecção. No domínio “transmissão”, a variação foi de 168,53% para a transmissão do HIV por picada de mosquito. No domínio “prevenção”, na questão sobre existência do preservativo feminino, a variação foi de 44%. O domínio “vulnerabilidade” indicou 34,93% na questão da aids relacionada a grupos específicos. No domínio “tratamento”, a abordagem da cura para a aids obteve 50,85% de variação. A realização das oficinas demonstrou ser uma intervenção eficaz nos domínios “conceito”, “transmissão”, “prevenção”, “vulnerabilidade” e “tratamento” nos idosos participantes da pesquisa.This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of educational workshops instructing about HIV/Aids in a group of elderly. The population included 471 individuals between 60 and 91 years old, mostly women (83.1%). A questionnaire comprising five domains was answered by participants before and after taking the educational workshops. McNemar test was used to assess differences between pre-and post-workshop, through thr software STATA 12 (p<0.05). The greatest variation (202.72%) was observed in the “concept” domain related to the asymptomatic infection phase. Regarding “HIV transmission”, the variation was 168.53%. The domain “prevention” had variation of 44% concerning the existence of female condom. The “vulnerability” domain inquired about Aids association in specific groups, and a difference of 34.93% was observed. In the “treatment” domain, when inquiring about Aids cure, 50.85% variation was observed. The educational workshops were effective for the domains “concept”, “transmission”, “prevention”, “vulnerability” and “treatment” in a group of elderly