CERFI: From the Hospital to the City

The importance of architecture to clinical and psychiatric care is widely asserted. Foucault's writings have demonstrated how architecture has both mirrored and influenced conceptions of mental illness through history. However, this is different from considering space itself an intrinsic factor of the clinical process. This paper will explore the relationship between the clinical and the spatial trough three instances. It will start at Saint-Alban’s hospital where Tosquelles and Bonnafé laid the ground of the French institutional psychotherapy movement. Here the concern with space first emerges as an economic and political issue. To avoid famine and extinction bars and windows were removed and the doors opened. This allowed establishing a support network with family and village farmers. The paper then moves to Jean Oury and La Borde clinic. It will explore the theorization of'architectonic relations', 'atmosphere' and 'patoplasty' as the affirmation of space as a non-negligible therapeutic vector. Spatial protocols such the freedom to walk wherever patients wished and the rotation of spatial settings associated with medical functions will be analyzed at this light. Finally, the paper will focus the work of Guattari. It will examine the link between affirming the importance of spatial factors in the production of an institutional collective (as seen in La Borde) with Guattari's interest in urbanism and his work at CERFI. Ultimately, the paper aims to show the central importance of space to the clinical and argue how this relation ought to be considered as a question of a wider social and political relevance

Arqueología chaqueña 3: nuevas evidencias de cordelería impresa

Las descripciones generales de técnicas textiles prehispánicas, realizadas para el noreste y noroeste argentino se vinculan a las más antiguas referencias bibliográficas. La caracterización de ellas y su adscripción témporo-espacial, constituye un tema de especial significación para las investigaciones que desarrollamos en el ámbito del Gran Chaco Meridional. Las primeras menciones sobre la presencia de esta técnica en el ámbito regional refieren a sitos ubicados en zonas de influencia de los ríos Pilcomayo y Bermejo; en territorio subandino occidental y oriental; en ámbitos de tierras bajas más septentrionales (Cuenca Amazónica) y en la porción norte de la Región Pampeana, en particular en la zona de desembocadura del Paraná (Dougherty, 1974; Rodríguez y Ceruti, 1999; Calandra y col, 2001b) En publicaciones recientes referidas a la arqueología del Chaco Meridional, se ha hecho referencia a la presencia de alfarería decorada con impresión de cordel (Calandra y col, 2001a). A propósito de recientes investigaciones de campo realizadas en los Sectores Central y Ribereño Paraguay-paranaense (Braunstein y col, 2002), se registró una significativa representación de estas técnicas a partir de la presencia de improntas en fragmentos de alfarería procedentes de un contexto arqueológico. Las exploraciones en la región y el estudio detallado del material obtenido se encuentran aún en desarrollo, siendo de interés en esta comunicación preliminar dar a conocer un conjunto de fragmentos cerámicos con este tratamiento en su superficie, sobre todo por representar un rasgo que desde siempre conformó un tema destacado de la problemática arqueológica chaqueña y en vinculación con las regiones periféricas. Por lo tanto, su puesta en valor responde a la posibilidad de aportar un nuevo elemento comparativo en el aspecto contextual, ilustrando acerca de caracterizaciones, orígenes y dispersión de los antiguos pobladores de la región.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

The politics of language : ennunciation as political praxis in Guattari and Deleuze

Through the study of the philosophy of Felix Guattari and Gilles Deleuze, this thesis seeks to extract and elaborate a political practice of language by investigating their critique of linguistics and the development of a semio-pragmatic conception of language. Whereas most scholars see Deleuze and Guattari’s critique of linguistics as a project that claims to enact an escape from language, this thesis argues that implicit in Deleuze and Guattari’s apparently antagonist approach to language is a new way of thinking about language as a social and political practice. The thesis delineates a trajectory of research that is focused not on Deleuze and Guattari's philosophy of literature, nor on a philosophy of language, but rather on how language operates within a semiotic framework of power. It provides an analysis of Louis Hjelmslev's theory of the sign and Guattari and Deleuze's Hjelmslevian reading of Foucault's statement as the main resources for Deleuze and Guattari’s elaboration of a pragmatics that is both political and semiotic, and which responds to the need identified by Guattari to produce a political genealogy of content. To develop a theory of a political practice of language the thesis turns to Guattari's institutional reflections and takes the La Borde clinic as a case study. It examines clinical experimental protocols and Guattari's theory of subject- and subjected-group to discern the particular role that language plays in the framework of collective analytical processes of enunciation. It is argued that Guattari's reinterpretation of Sartre’s dialectical sociology suggests a role for language – as social practice – in processes of autonomy and institutional creation. Finally, the thesis discusses two main ideas: the idea of an a-signifying use of language (a use that is not primarily concerned with signification) and the conceptualisation of language as intervention, following Guattari’s attempt to mobilise an expanded notion of analysis – a collective militant analysis – moving from the clinical context to more general social contexts. Ultimately, the thesis argues that Guattari and Deleuze’s critique of linguisticsand Guattari’s mobilisation of analysis as a form of political intervention make it possible to reclaim language as the centre of social and political struggles

Gingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women impairs trophoblast cell function and trophoblast‐neutrophil interaction

Problem: A strong association between periodontitis and higher susceptibility to pregnancy complications like preeclampsia has been reported although the mechanisms remain elusive. Trophoblast cells modulate the recruitment and functional shaping of maternal leukocytes at early stages to sustain an antiinflammatory microenvironment and fetal growth. Neutrophil activation with reactive oxygen species (ROS) release is associated with preeclampsia. Our aim was to study the effect of the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from pregnant women on trophoblast cell function and trophoblast-neutrophil interaction. Method of study: Pregnant women at 16–20 weeks of gestation (n = 27) and non-pregnant women (n = 8) as the control group were studied for gingivoperiodontal clinical score evaluation and GCF collection. Total bacteria and common periodontal pathogens were analyzed in GCF samples. The effect of each GCF sample was tested on first trimester trophoblast-derived cells to assess cell migration, cytokine expression and glucose uptake. Also, the effect of GCF on human peripheral neutrophil chemoattraction by trophoblast cells and ROS formation was assessed. Results: Gingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women reduced trophoblast cell migration, increased proinflammatory marker expression and glucose uptake. A significant correlation between gingivoperiodontal score and trophoblast dysfunction was observed. Upon conditioning of trophoblast cells with GCF, only the GCF from pregnant women stimulated neutrophil chemoattraction. Similarly, GCF from pregnant but not from non-pregnant controls stimulated ROS formation in neutrophils. Conclusions: Gingival crevicular fluid from pregnant women is deleterious for first trimester trophoblast cell function. These effects could lead to placental homeostasis disruption underlying a pathogenic mechanism of pregnancy complications associated to periodontal disease.Fil: Hauk, Vanesa Cintia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: D' Eramo, Luciana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Calo, Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Merech, Fátima Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Doga, Luciana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Lara, Brenda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Gliosca, Laura. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Massone, Carla Antonella. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Molgatini, Susana Liliana. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Ramhorst, Rosanna Elizabeth. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Squassi, Aldo Fabian. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Odontología; ArgentinaFil: Perez Leiros, Claudia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; Argentin

Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to τν\tau\nu in pp Collisions at s\sqrt{s}=13 TeV with the ATLAS Detector

A search for high-mass resonances decaying to τν using proton-proton collisions at s=13  TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Only τ-lepton decays with hadrons in the final state are considered. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1  fb-1. No statistically significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed; model-independent upper limits are set on the visible τν production cross section. Heavy W′ bosons with masses less than 3.7 TeV in the sequential standard model and masses less than 2.2–3.8 TeV depending on the coupling in the nonuniversal G(221) model are excluded at the 95% credibility level.Peer Reviewe

In vitro and in vivo effects of 2,4 diaminoquinazoline inhibitors of the decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS: Context-specific modulation of SMN transcript levels

<div><p>C5-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazoline inhibitors of the decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS (DAQ-DcpSi) have been developed for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), which is caused by genetic deficiency in the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein. These compounds are claimed to act as <i>SMN2</i> transcriptional activators but data underlying that claim are equivocal. In addition it is unclear whether the claimed effects on <i>SMN2</i> are a direct consequence of DcpS inhibitor or might be a consequence of lysosomotropism, which is known to be neuroprotective. DAQ-DcpSi effects were characterized in cells <i>in vitro</i> utilizing DcpS knockdown and 7-methyl analogues as probes for DcpS vs non-DcpS-mediated effects. We also performed analysis of <i>Smn</i> transcript levels, RNA-Seq analysis of the transcriptome and SMN protein in order to identify affected pathways underlying the therapeutic effect, and studied lysosomotropic and non-lysosomotropic DAQ-DCpSi effects in 2B/- SMA mice. Treatment of cells caused modest and transient <i>SMN2</i> mRNA increases with either no change or a decrease in <i>SMNΔ7</i> and no change in <i>SMN1</i> transcripts or SMN protein. RNA-Seq analysis of DAQ-DcpSi-treated N2a cells revealed significant changes in expression (both up and down) of approximately 2,000 genes across a broad range of pathways. Treatment of 2B/- SMA mice with both lysomotropic and non-lysosomotropic DAQ-DcpSi compounds had similar effects on disease phenotype indicating that the therapeutic mechanism of action is not a consequence of lysosomotropism. In striking contrast to the findings <i>in vitro</i>, <i>Smn</i> transcripts were robustly changed in tissues but there was no increase in SMN protein levels in spinal cord. We conclude that DAQ-DcpSi have reproducible benefit in SMA mice and a broad spectrum of biological effects <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, but these are complex, context specific, and not the result of simple <i>SMN2</i> transcriptional activation.</p></div

Effect of DAQ-DcpSi on the performance of 2B/- SMA mice in a combined 55° negative geotaxis/ climb test.

<p>Data presented represent combined sexes for RG3039 (<i>n</i> = 20); vehicle (<i>n</i> = 21), PF-06738066 (<i>n</i> = 21) and vehicle treated healthy 2B/+ littermates (<i>n</i> = 24). The percent of mice able to pass the 55° negative geotaxis and climb tests simultaneously is shown. At P16, while a predominant number of vehicle treated SMA were alive, PF-06738066 or RG3039 showed improvement over vehicle SMA mice that did not reach statistical significance (Fisher’s exact test, <i>P</i>-value = 0.0708; 43% power to detect a benefit amongst SMA groups).</p

Effect of DAQ-DcpSi treatment on <i>Smn</i> transcript levels in tissues from 2B/- SMA mice and healthy 2B/+ littermate controls.

<p>Animals were dosed with either vehicle, RG3039 (6 mg/kg) or PF-06738066 (10 mg/kg) BID via intraperitoneal injection from P4-P16 and were sacrificed 12 hours following the last dose for collection of tissues. RNA was prepared and analyzed using ddPCR as described in materials and methods. All gene expression was normalized to <i>PSMD14</i> expression and expressed relative to that in vehicle-treated 2B/- mice. All data shown as mean ± s.e.m. Numbers of animals in each data set were: 2B/- Vehicle (22); 2B/- RG3039(9); 2B/- PF-06738066 (13); 2B/+ Vehicle (7); 2B/+ RG3039(9); 2B/+ PF-06738066 (10). Significance using Student’s <i>t</i>-test: <i>P</i><0.05 (*), <i>P</i><0.01(**), <i>P</i><0.001(***), <i>P</i><0.0001(****).</p

Effect of active DAQ-DcpSi and their 7-methyl analogues on <i>SMN</i> transcripts over time.

<p>SMA-derived lymphoblasts were treated with active DAQ-DcpSi (RG3039, PF-06738066) or their 7-methyl analogues (PF-06802336 and PF-06832344 respectively) and the levels of <i>SMN</i> transcripts measured using ddPCR. All data shown as mean ± s.e.m. and where not shown error bars are within the size of the symbols.</p