A modification of Einstein-Schrodinger theory that contains Einstein-Maxwell-Yang-Mills theory

The Lambda-renormalized Einstein-Schrodinger theory is a modification of the original Einstein-Schrodinger theory in which a cosmological constant term is added to the Lagrangian, and it has been shown to closely approximate Einstein-Maxwell theory. Here we generalize this theory to non-Abelian fields by letting the fields be composed of dxd Hermitian matrices. The resulting theory incorporates the U(1) and SU(d) gauge terms of Einstein-Maxwell-Yang-Mills theory, and is invariant under U(1) and SU(d) gauge transformations. The special case where symmetric fields are multiples of the identity matrix closely approximates Einstein-Maxwell-Yang-Mills theory in that the extra terms in the field equations are 10^-13 of the usual terms for worst-case fields accessible to measurement. The theory contains a symmetric metric and Hermitian vector potential, and is easily coupled to the additional fields of Weinberg-Salam theory or flipped SU(5) GUT theory. We also consider the case where symmetric fields have small traceless parts, and show how this suggests a possible dark matter candidate.Comment: latex2e, generalized from U(1)xSU(2) to U(1)xSU(d

Evaluation of the ruminal bacterial diversity of cattle fed diets containing citrus pulp pellets

Variations to dietary components cause shifts in the ruminal microflora that can affect animal health and productivity. However, the majority of these changes, especially in terms of quantitative changes, have not been elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the diversity of bacterial populations in the rumen of cattle fed various amounts of citrus pulp pellets (CPP). Heifers (n=18; 298.7±5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment diets (n=6/diet) containing CPP (0, 10, or 20%). Using bacterial tag-encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP), the ruminal microbiota was examined to understand how different concentrations of CPP affected ruminal microbial ecology. The Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio tended to increase (P = 0.07) in heifers fed CPP compared to controls. Specifically within the Firmicutes, Butyrivibrio and Carnobacterium populations increased in number with increasing amounts of CPP in the diet. In contrast, a linear decline (P = 0.009) in the population of Dialister and Catonella occurred with increasing CPP concentrations. Bacteria in the genera of Prevotella and Eubacterium were observed to be the predominant bacteria that populated the rumen (34% and 6%, respectively) in control heifers. An increase (P = 0.04) in the proportion of Bacilli bacteria in the ruminal microflora was associated with increases in dietary CPP. Overall, there were relatively few changes observed in ruminal microbial populations, thus highlighting the functional flexibility of the rumen and demonstrating that feeding CPP at rates up to 20% does not adversely impact ruminal microbial ecology. The lack of major changes in ruminal microflora may possibly be due to a lack of essential oils in the CPP utilized in the current study which may play a greater role in the alteration of ruminal microbial populations and may also explain the lack of an apparent effect in the current study as compared to previously reported studies

An investigation of the spin structure of the proton in deep inelastic scattering of polarised muons on polarised protons

Ashman J, Badelek B, Baum G, et al. An investigation of the spin structure of the proton in deep inelastic scattering of polarised muons on polarised protons. Nucl.Phys. B. 1989;328(1):1-35

Extreme events in population dynamics with functional carrying capacity

A class of models is introduced describing the evolution of population species whose carrying capacities are functionals of these populations. The functional dependence of the carrying capacities reflects the fact that the correlations between populations can be realized not merely through direct interactions, as in the usual predator-prey Lotka-Volterra model, but also through the influence of species on the carrying capacities of each other. This includes the self-influence of each kind of species on its own carrying capacity with delays. Several examples of such evolution equations with functional carrying capacities are analyzed. The emphasis is given on the conditions under which the solutions to the equations display extreme events, such as finite-time death and finite-time singularity. Any destructive action of populations, whether on their own carrying capacity or on the carrying capacities of co-existing species, can lead to the instability of the whole population that is revealed in the form of the appearance of extreme events, finite-time extinctions or booms followed by crashes.Comment: Latex file, 60 pages, 24 figure