SUPERFICIAL ANTICANDIDOSIC ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF COMBRETUM RACEMOSUM P. BEAUV. (COMBRETACEAE) EXTRACTS

This preliminary work consists in evaluating the superficial anticandidic activity of the leaves of Combretum racemosum P. Beauv in humans. To this end, we first demonstrated bioactive compounds of five (5) crude extracts (aqueous and hydro-organic 70%) from C. racemosum. Then, and finally, we have separately evaluated the superficial anticandidic activity of these extracts on Candida albicans, a species of genus Candida, mostly encountered in superficial human candidiasis. C. albicans was found to be sensitive to the five extracts tested. This partly justifies the use of C. racemosum in traditional medical practice against superficial microbial diseases. For these extracts, the Inhibitory Minimum Concentrations (MIC) recorded ranged from 7.8125 mg/mL to 62.550 mg/mL; While Fungicide Minimum Concentrations (CMF) range from 31.25 ± 0.00 mg/mL to 62.550 mg/mL. Concentrations for Fifty Percent Inhibition (IC50) range from 0.930 mg/mL to 3.861 mg/mL. The hydroethanolic macerated extract 70% (Eeth 70%) is the most active fraction on C. albicans (CMF = 7.8125 ± 0.00 mg/mL, IC50 = 0.941 ± 0.009 mg/mL) compared to the total of the five crude extracts tested. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the five crude extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids steroids and tannins (catechics and gallics) at various levels of concentration in our study. Eeth 70%, the most active extract in our work, contains in medium concentrations the same active ingredients cited above.  Finally, we note that the hydroethanolic macerated extract 70% is the most active fractions in this work. It may, however, subject to toxicological studies, be used in the treatment of theskin, the cutaneous appendages and the mucous membranes in humans. Keywords: Combretum racemosum, phytochemical screening, superficial anticandidi

Evaluation De L’effet De L’extrait Aqueux Des Feuilles De Abrus Precatorius (Fabaceae) Sur Le Poids Et La Prise Alimentaire Chez Des Rats

Abrus precatorius est reconnue dans le monde pour ses nombreuses vertus thérapeutiques en médicine traditionnelle. Des études ont montré que l’extrait aqueux de ses feuilles est non toxique par voie orale chez des rats, ce qui pourrait justifier son innocuité observée chez l’homme en médicine traditionnelle. La présente étude a pour objectif de rechercher l’effet de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de A. precatorius sur le poids corporel et la prise alimentaire des rats traités contre les témoins traités à l’eau distillée. Au cours de cette étude expérimentale de 21 jours, les animaux au nombre de 12 ont été répartis dans des cages individuelles puis regroupés en deux groupes de 6. Ils ont été gavés chaque jour à deux doses (2ml/100g) des substances d’essai (matin/soir) pendant 7 jours et observés pendant 14 jours après l’arrêt du gavage. Afin de déterminer l’influence de l’extrait à la dose efficace (40 mg/ml) sur la croissance et la prise alimentaire des rats, l’évolution de ces deux paramètres a été suivie périodiquement tout au long de l’expérimentation. Les resultats obtenues montrent que l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de A. precatorius à la dose efficace (40 mg/ml) ne provoque pas de changement sur le poids et l’alimentation des rats. Tous ces résultats viennent justifier les nombreuses utilisations de la plante Abrus precatorius en médicine traditionnelle. Abrus precatorius is recognized worldwide for its many therapeutic virtues in traditional medicine. Studies have shown that the aqueous extract of its leaves is nontoxic orally in rats, which could justify its harmlessness observed in humans in traditional medicine. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of A. precatorius leaves on body weight and feed intake of the treated rats against distilled water controls. During this 21-day experimental study, the 12 animals were distributed in individual cages and then grouped into two groups ofsix. They were force-fed every day with two doses (2ml / 100g) of the test substances. (Morning / evening) for 7 days and observe for 14 days after stopping force-feeding. In order to determine the influence of the extract at the effective dose (40 mg / ml) on the growth and feeding of the rats, the evolution of these two parameters was periodically monitored throughout the experiment. The results obtained show that the aqueous extract of A. precatorius leaves at the effective dose (40 mg / ml) does not cause any change in the weight and diet of the rats. All these results justify the many uses of the plant Abrus precatorius in traditional medicine

Laxative activities of Mareya micrantha (Benth.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) leaf aqueous extract in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Mareya micrantha </it>(Benth.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) is a shrub that is commonly used in Côte d'Ivoire (West Africa) for the treatment of constipation and as an ocytocic drug. The present study was carried out to investigate the laxative activity of <it>Mareya micrantha </it>in albino's Wistar rats.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Rats were divided in 5 groups of 5 animals each, first group as control, second group served as standard (sodium picosulfate) while group 3, 4 and 5 were treated with leaf aqueous extract of <it>Mareya micrantha </it>at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), <it>per os </it>respectively. The laxative activity was determined based on the weight of the faeces matter. The effects of the leaves aqueous extract of <it>Mareya micrantha </it>and castor oil were also evaluated on intestinal transit, intestinal fluid accumulation and ions secretion.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Phytochemicals screening of the extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, sterols and polyterpenes. The aqueous extract of <it>Mareya micrantha </it>applied orally (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg; <it>p.o</it>.), produced significant laxative activity and reduced loperamide induced constipation in dose dependant manner. The effect of the extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg (<it>p.o</it>.) was similar to that of reference drug sodium picosulfate (5 mg/kg, <it>p.o</it>). The same doses of the extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, <it>p.o</it>.) produced a significant increase (p < 0.01) of intestinal transit in comparison with castor oil (2 mL) (p < 0.01). Moreover, the extract induced a significant enteropooling and excretion of Cl^-, Na⁺, K⁺and Ca²⁺in the intestinal fluid (p < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results showed that the aqueous extract of <it>Mareya micrantha </it>has a significant laxative activity and supports its traditional use in herbal medicine.</p

In Vitro Anticholinesterase and Inhibitory Effects of the Aqueous Extract of Combretum molle (Combretaceae) Leaf on Rabbit Breathing

Purpose: In previous studies, the aqueous extract of Combretum molle was shown to inhibit disturbances of breathing induced by acetylcholine. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of this inhibition. Methods: The aqueous extract of Combretum molle and an anti-asthmatic, salbutamol (reference), were tested at varying concentrations for their inhibitory effects on breathing. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was extracted from rabbit duodenum and its activity determined by Ellman’s assay using acethylthiocholine iodide (ACTH) as substrate. The rate of hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase was spectrophotometrically monitored at 412 nm. Results: The results indicate that in the presence of C. molle extract, a considerable reduction in the variation of breathing amplitudes occurred. Furthermore, the extract probably contains anti-AChE substances. C. molle exerted non-competitive inhibition of acetylcholinesterase with Michaelis-Menten constant (KM) of 192 μM and velocity at maximal concentration of substrate (Vmax) of 4444 μM/min. Conclusion: These results support the use of C. molle leaf in the Pharmacopoeia of Ivory Coast as an anti-asthmatic, in view of its inhibitory effect on breathing disturbances

Phytochemical screening and antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius Linn (Fabaceae)

In less than a quarter of a century, diabetes has become a public health problem in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to valorize Abrus precatorius (Fabaceae), a medicinal plant of the native pharmacopoeia of Côte d'Ivoire that may have antidiabetic properties. Thus, the particular objectives of this study are to investigate the chemical composition and in vivo antidiabetic effect in rats of the aqueous extract of Abrus precatorius’s leaves (ETAAP). The aqueous extract of leaves of Abrus precatorius (ETAAP) was obtained by the traditional method (decoction) and the phytochemical analysis based on color reactions and/ or precipitation were done. The antidiabetic effect was studied by evaluating its hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and its antihyperglycemic effect in rats previously made hyperglycemic by oral administration of glucose at 30%. Phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of the leaves of Abrus precatorius revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids (flavones), saponins, quinone compounds (coumarins), sterols and triterpenes and reducing compounds. The results of diabetes study showed that the extract causes a hypoglycemic dose dependent effect in normal rats after 6 hours. The experimental effective dose (ETAAP 40 mg / ml) reduced increasingly hyperglycemia every 30 minutes for 2 hours. These results show that Abrus precatorius (ETAAP) could be a good alternative in the treatment of diabetesKeywords: Abrus precatorius L.; diabetes; hypoglycemi