Flows in Graphs and Homology of Free Categories

We introduce the notion of a generalized flow on a graph with coefficients in a R-representation and show that the module of flows is isomorphic to the first derived functor of the colimit. We generalize Kirchhoff's laws and build an exact sequence for calculating the module of flows on the union of graphs.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX2

The Associating Abilities of Pre-Service Teachers Science Education Program Acquisitions with Engineering According to STEM Education

The aim of this study is to determine the associating abilities of elementary education pre-service teachers science education program acquisitions with engineering using STEM education. In the study which is a case study, firstly pre-service teachers were trained about the STEM education approach. Then “Elementary School Science Education Program Acquisitions-STEM Activities Form” was applied asking the subjects to prepare activities associating elementary education science lessons acquisitions with engineering. After the application of the form, semi-structured interviews were conducted to ask pre-service teachers’ opinions about STEM education, using STEM in elementary education science lessons and the activities they had written in the form. An analysis of the data showed that pre-service teachers could easily associate elementary school science program acquisitions and the field of engineering. A variety of activities were given that could be conducted in the elementary education science lessons. Interviewed teachers gave positive feedback to the approach and stated that it is an educational approach that must be applied to lessons. Keywords: elementary education, pre-service teachers, STEM educatio

MODULES THAT HAVE A WEAK SUPPLEMENT IN EVERY EXTENSION

WOS: 000390602900035We say that over an arbitrary ring a module M has the property. (WE) (respectively, (WEE)) if M has a weak supplement (respectively, ample weak supplements) in every extension. In this paper, we provide various properties of modules with these properties. We show that a module M has the property. (WEE) iff every submodule of M has the property. (WE). A ring R is left perfect iff every left R-module has the property. (WE) iff every left R-module has the property. (WEE). A ring R is semilocal iff every left R-module has a weak supplement in every extension with small radical. We also study modules that have a weak supplement(respectively, ample weak supplements) in every coatomic extension, namely the property. (WE*) (respectively,. (WEE*))

Subcutaneous fat necrosis requiring plastic surgical intervention in an infant treated with whole-body cooling

We report an infant who developed subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFN) secondary to cooling treatment for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). While SCFN is usually self-limiting, this patient went on to develop a large haematoma on his back with overlying skin necrosis necessitating debridement and split thickness skin grafting. Initially, the area affected on his back showed a number of small fluctuant swellings. By day 16 after birth, theses swellings coalesced to form a large 15 cm × 19 cm haematoma with a tense, shiny skin overlying it. On day 17, the large swelling was drained in theatre and a drain was left in situ. Total calcium blood level was raised at 4 mmol/l and he was managed with Pamidronate infusion. Postoperatively, examination of the back showed a 5 cm necrotic area in the centre of the back, and affected area was debrided along with a split skin graft applied to the exposed area

Effects of feeding omega-3-fatty acids on fatty acid composition and quality of bovine sperm and on antioxidative capacity of bovine seminal plasma

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of feeding alpha-linolenic (ALA) acid on fatty acid composition and quality of bovine sperm and on antioxidative capacity of seminal plasma. Nine bulls (ALA bulls) were fed with 800 g rumen-resistant linseed oil with a content of 50% linolenic acid and eight bulls with 400 g palmitic acid (PA bulls). Sperm quality was evaluated for plasma membrane and acrosome intact sperm (PMAI), the amount of membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO), and the percentage of sperm with a high DNA fragmentation index (DFI). Fatty acid content of sperm was determined using gas chromatography. Total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activity were determined in seminal plasma. Feeding ALA increased (P < 0.05) the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in bulls whereas in PA bulls did not change. PMAI increased after cryopreservation in ALA bulls as well as in PA bulls during the experiment period (P < 0.005). LPO of sperm directly after thawing did not change during the study period in ALA group, but decreased in PA group (P < 0.006). After 3h of incubation LPO increased in the ALA group (P < 0.02), while LPO did not differ between phases within groups. In conclusion, feeding of neither saturated nor polyunsaturated fatty acids affect the antioxidant levels in seminal plasma. Both saturated as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids had positive effects on quality of cryopreserved bovine sperm, although the content of docosahexaenoic acid in sperm membranes increased only in ALA bulls

MODULES THAT HAVE A WEAK RAD-SUPPLEMENT IN EVERY EXTENSION

WOS: 000446897400008As a proper generalization of the modules with the properties (E) and (EE) that were introduced by Zoschinger in terms of supplements, we say that a module M has the property (WRE) (respectively, (WREE)) if M has a weak Rad-supplement (respectively, ample weak Rad-supplements) in every extension. In this paper, we prove that if every submodule of a module M has the property (WRE), then M has the property (WREE). We show that a ring R is semilocal if and only if every left R-module has the property (WRE). Also we prove that over a commutative Von Neumann regular ring a module M has the property (WRE) if and only if M is injective

Inter- and intra-individual variability of total antioxidant capacity of bovine seminal plasma and relationships with sperm quality before and after cryopreservation

The aim of the present study was to investigate inter- and intra-individual variability of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in seminal plasma of bulls. In addition, relationships between TAC and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase activities (SOD), and parameters of sperm quality, respectively, were examined. Eight consecutive ejaculates were collected from nine Holstein-Friesian bulls. The percentage of plasma membrane and acrosome intact (PMAI) sperm was measured by using the FITC-PNA/PI assay, the amount of membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) without and with stimulation(s) of LPO was quantified by using the BODIPY assay before cryopreservation and immediately (0 h) as well as 3h after thawing. The percentage of sperm with a greater DNA fragmentation index was measured by the sperm chromatin structure assay. The amount of TAC differed (P 0.05) between ejaculates within bulls. The amounts of TAC were not related (P > 0.05) to amounts of SOD and GPx, but were negatively associated with LPO 0 h (r = -0.85; P ≤ 0.01). The amounts of SOD showed positive relationships with LPO 0 h (r = 0.71; P ≤ 0.05) and LPO 3h (r = 0.80; P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, total antioxidant activity varied among bulls, but not between ejaculates within bulls. While the amounts of antioxidative enzyme GPx was not related to sperm quality and SOD was positively related with lipid peroxidation after thawing of sperm, whereas total antioxidative capacity was negatively correlated with lipid peroxidation of cryopreserved sperm