Hippocampal structural plasticity accompanies the resulting contextual fear memory following stress and fear conditioning

The present research investigated the resulting contextual fear memory and structural plasticity changes in the dorsal hippocampus (DH) following stress and fear conditioning. This combination enhanced fear retention and increased the number of total and mature dendritic spines in DH. Intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) infusion of midazolam prior to stress prevented both the enhancement of fear retention and an increase in the density of total and mature dendritic spines in DH. These findings emphasize the role of the stress-induced attenuation of GABAergic neurotransmission in BLA in the promoting influence of stress on fear memory and on synaptic remodeling in DH. In conclusion, the structural remodeling in DH accompanied the facilitated fear memory following a combination of fear conditioning and stressful stimulation.Fil: Giachero, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Calfa, Gaston Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Víctor Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentin

A BDNF sensitive mechanism is involved in the fear memory resulting from the interaction between stress and the retrieval of an established trace

The present study investigates the fear memory resulting from the interaction of a stressful experience and the retrieval of an established fear memory trace. Such a combination enhanced both fear expression and fear retention in adult Wistar rats. Likewise, midazolam intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) infusion prior to stress attenuated the enhancement of fear memory thus suggesting the involvement of a stress-induced reduction of the GABAergic transmission in BLA in the stress-induced enhancing effect. It has been suggested that, unlike the immediate-early gene Zif268 which is related to the reconsolidation process, the expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is highly correlated with consolidation. We therefore evaluate the relative contribution of these two neurobiological processes to the fear memory resulting from the above-mentioned interaction. Intra-dorsal hippocampus (DH) infusions of either the antisense Zif268 or the inhibitor of the protein degradation (Clasto-Lactacystin β-Lactone), suggested to be involved in the retrieval-dependent destabilization process, did not affect the resulting contextual memory. In contrast, the knockdown of hippocampal BDNF mitigated the stress-induced facilitating influence on fear retention. In addition, the retrieval experience elevated BDNF level in DH at 60 min after recall exclusively in stressed animals. These findings suggest the involvement of a hippocampal BDNF sensitive mechanism in the stress-promoting influence on the fear memory following retrieval.Fil: Giachero, Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bustos, Silvia Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Calfa, Gaston Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Víctor Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; Argentin

SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN PADA HOTEL MENTARI PALEMBANG

Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah, untuk memberikan dan mengupayakan solusi pada sistem yang sedang berjalan di Hotel Mentari Palembang terhadap kegiatan manajemen, untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut tentu perlu didukung penggunaan teknologi informasi, untuk memproses semua kegiatan manajemen di Hotel Mentari Palembang. Teknologi informasi yang ada saat ini belum diterapkan di Hotel Mentari Palembang, sering kali Hotel Mentari mendapatkan beberapa masalah dalam memproses kegiatan manajemen, seperti sulitnya dalam mengelola data karyawan, data absensi karyawan, data tamu, data booking, data check-in, data check-out, data gaji karyawan, data daftar Pemakaian Kamar (kosong/berisi), pendapatan dan pengeluaran (harian,bulanan) dan lamanya dalam proses mengelola laporan, serta Pihak manajemen sulit untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai kehadiran setiap karyawan, data karyawan, gaji, data pendapatan dan pengeluaran hotel serta sulit mengetahui perkembangan jumlah tamu. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut penulis membuat sebuah sistem informasi manajemen yang terkomputerisasi untuk membantu menyelesaikan beberapa masalah manajemen yang sering terjadi. Metodologi yang dipakai adalah metodologi Rational Unified Process (RUP). Penulis menggunakan bahasa pemograman Visual Basic dan SQL Server 2008 sebagai database management system

Aliajele nichel-titan în ortodonție. Actualități, varietăți, utilizare

Background. The success of the contemporary orthodontics depends on new techniques and biomaterials that are put in use. Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) alloys are part of the group of "smart" intermetallic materials, defined by 2 notions: with shape memory effect and superelastic. . The shape memory effect of an alloy was discovered in the 1930s. They have been used in orthodontic therapy since the early 1970s. Objective of the study. To evaluate the medico-technical qualities, varieties and use of the Ni-Ti alloys in orthodontics. Material and Methods. The study of the literature with reference to orthodontic metallic biomaterials, as well as the catalogues of the licensed manufacturing companies revealed that Ni-Ti alloys are of choice in making superelastic and with shape memory effect orthodontic wires, as well as springs, clips of some self-ligating brackets. Results. The Ni-Ti alloys possess properties dependent on the composition and the heat treatment regime. As a rule, they contain 55% Ni and 45% Ti. In 1994 the alloy CuNiTi 27°C appears, then CuNiTi 35-40°C. The Ni-Ti wires were classified according to the effect produced (similar to rubber, shape memory, superelastic) and the force produced (austenite, martensite, stabilized). They were used in all cases for the alignment and leveling of dental arches, producing continuous, "gentle" forces for tooth movement thanks to superelasticity and thermoactivity. The shape memory effect allows the deformed wires to return by heating - martensitic transformation (equal to that of the body). Conclusion. The Ni-Ti alloys have great clinical interest; they are found in orthodontic treatment in the form of wires used for the alignment and leveling of dental arches, springs for closing/opening interdental spaces, easily maneuverable clips in self-ligating brackets. Introducere. Succesul ortodonției contemporane este asigurat de noile tehnologii și biomateriale. Aliajele nichel-titan (Ni-Ti) fac parte din grupa materialelor „inteligente” intermetalice, definite prin 2 noțiuni: cu efect de memorie a formei și superelastice. Efectul de memorie a formei a unui aliaj a fost descoperit în anii ʼ30 ai sec.XX. În terapia ortodontică sunt utilizate de la începutul anilor ’70. Scopul lucrării. Evaluarea calităților medico-tehnice, a varietăților și utilizării aliajelor Ni-Ti în ortodonție. Material și Metode. Studiul literaturii cu referire la biomaterialele metalice ortodontice, precum și a cataloagelor companiilor producătoare licențiate ne-a relevat că aliajele Ni-Ti sunt de elecție în confecționarea arcurilor ortodontice superelastice și cu efect de memorie a formei, precum și a resorturilor spiralate, a clipurilor unor bracketuri autoligaturabile. Rezultate. Aliajele Ni-Ti posedă proprietăți dependente de componență și de regimul de prelucrare termică. Ca regulă, conţin 55 % Ni şi 45% Ti. În anul 1994 apare aliajul CuNiTi 27°C, apoi CuNiTi 35-40°C. Arcurile Ni-Ti au fost clasificate în dependență de efectul produs (similar cauciucului, de memorie a formei, superelastic) și de forța produsă (austenite, martensite, stabilizate). Au fost utilizate în toate cazurile pentru aliniere și nivelare, producând forțe continue, „blânde” pentru deplasarea dentară grație superelasticității și termoactivității. Efectul de memorie a formei permite arcului deformat de a reveni prin încălzire - transformare martensitică (egală cu cea a corpului). Concluzii. Aliajele Ni-Ti prezintă interes clinic deosebit; se regăsesc în tratamentul ortodontic sub formă de arcuri utilizate pentru alinierea și nivelarea arcadelor dentare, resorturi de închidere/deschidere a spațiilor interdentare, clipuri ușor manevrabile în bracketurile autoligaturabile

Activity-dependent BDNF release and TRPC signaling is impaired in hippocampal neurons of Mecp2 mutant mice

Dysfunction of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in Rett syndrome (RTT), but the state of its releasable pool and downstream signaling in mice lacking methyl-CpG-binding protein-2 (Mecp2) is unknown. Here, we show that membrane currents and dendritic Ca2+ signals evoked by recombinant BDNF or an activator of diacylglycerol (DAG)-sensitive transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are impaired in CA3 pyramidal neurons of symptomatic Mecp2 mutant mice. TRPC3 and TRPC6 mRNA and protein levels are lower in Mecp2 mutant hippocampus, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified Trpc3 as a target of MeCP2 transcriptional regulation. BDNF mRNA and protein levels are also lower in Mecp2 mutant hippocampus and dentate gyrus granule cells, which is reflected in impaired activity-dependent release of endogenous BDNF estimated from TRPC currents and dendritic Ca2+ signals in CA3 pyramidal neurons. These results identify the gene encoding TRPC3 channels as a MeCP2 target and suggest a potential therapeutic strategy to boost impaired BDNF signaling in RTT.Fil: Li, Wei. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados UnidosFil: Calfa, Gaston Diego. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Larimore, Jennifer. Agnes Scott College. Biology Department and Neuroscience Program; Estados UnidosFil: Pozzo-Miller, Lucas. Agnes Scott College. Biology Department and Neuroscience Program; Estados Unido

The influence of active breaks in the long jump on sports performance

The aim of the study was to identify the effect of the active pause between trials, on the performance of the long jump. The research was conducted in similar conditions to the competitions. Thirty athletes (18 women and 12 men) volunteer for this research and were divided into two mixed groups with an age range from 13-15 years (Mean: 13.87±0.75 years). We selected one group to maintain an active pause between the trials and instructed the other group to rest between the trials. In order to compare the effect of an active pause with the resting period significant parameters for the long jump were measured for this study, the speed of the run-up and the length of the jump performed, and also the athlete’s Heart Rate (HR) before each trial. The study showed that there were significant correlations between HR and the speed of the run-up in the 5th (p=.018) and 6th (p=.005) trials and also between the HR and the performance of the long jump for the final two trials, whereas for the 5th (p=.044) and 6th (p=.028). Nevertheless, there were no significant correlations between the HR and the velocity of the run-up or the performance of the jump for the first four trials. An active pause between trials can determine an increase in the performance of the long jump and also is maintaining a constant speed index on the run-up

Excitation/inhibition imbalance and impaired synaptic inhibition in hippocampal area CA3 of Mecp2 knockout mice

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopment disorder associated with intellectual disabilities and caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional regulator Methyl-CpG-binding Protein-2 (MeCP2). Neuronal dysfunction and changes in cortical excitability occur in RTT individuals and Mecp2-deficient mice, including hippocampal network hyperactivity and higher frequency of spontaneous multiunit spikes in the CA3 cell body layer. Here, we describe impaired synaptic inhibition and an excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance in area CA3 of acute slices from symptomatic Mecp2 knockout male mice (referred to as Mecp2-/y). The amplitude of TTX-resistant miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSC) was smaller in CA3 pyramidal neurons of Mecp2-/y slices than in wildtype controls, while the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) was significantly larger in Mecp2-/y neurons. Consistently, quantitative confocal immunohistochemistry revealed significantly lower intensity of the alpha-1 subunit of GABAARs in the CA3 cell body layer of Mecp2-/y mice, while GluA1 puncta intensities were significantly higher in the CA3 dendritic layers of Mecp2-/y mice. In addition, the input/output (I/O) relationship of evoked IPSCs had a shallower slope in CA3 pyramidal neurons Mecp2-/y neurons. Consistent with the absence of neuronal degeneration in RTT and MeCP2-based mouse models, the density of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons in area CA3 was not affected in Mecp2-/y mice. Furthermore, the intrinsic membrane properties of several interneuron subtypes in area CA3 were not affected by Mecp2 loss. However, mEPSCs are smaller and less frequent in CA3 fast-spiking basket cells of Mecp2-/y mice, suggesting an impaired glutamatergic drive in this interneuron population. These results demonstrate that a loss-of-function mutation in Mecp2 causes impaired E/I balance onto CA3 pyramidal neurons, leading to a hyperactive hippocampal network, likely contributing to limbic seizures in Mecp2-/y mice and RTT individuals.Fil: Calfa, Gaston Diego. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Farmacología Experimental de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Li, Wei. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados UnidosFil: Rutherford, John M.. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados UnidosFil: Pozzo Miller, Lucas. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unido

Dento-maxilary disharmony with tooth spacing - diastema

Rezumat. Lucrarea dată propune cîteva aspectele clinice şi variante de rezolvare a disarmoniei dento-maxilare cu spaţiere dentară — diastema. Pînă la momentul de faţă disarmonia dento-maxilară prin spaţieri dentare rămâne o problemă actuală în ortodonţie. În lucrare au fost caracterizate metodele cele mai primitive şi cele contemporane de rezolvare a problemei disarmoniei dento-maxilare prin spaţieri dentare . Studiu dat a inclus 23 de pacienţi, care au fost divizaţi în 2 grupe vîrstnice: I grupă — pacienţi cu vîrsta cuprinsă între 6-12 ani; II grupă — pacienţi cu vârsta de 13 ani şi mai mult; Fiecare pacient a fost supus examenului clinic şi paraclinic. Conform planului de tratament au fost aplicate aparate mobilizabile şi fixe, în dependenţă de grupa de vîrstă şi particularităţile individuale a fiecărui pacientSummary. This article proposes several clinical aspects and variants of solving dento-maxillary tooth spacing — diastema. Until now dento-maxillary disharmony of the tooth spacing remains a problem in orthodontics.In this article has been described most primitive methods and problem-solving contemporary dental spacing. Given study included 23 patients who were divided into 2 groups: group I — patients aged between 6-12 years,and the second group — patients aged 13 years and older; each patient underwent clinical and laboratory examination. According to the treatment were been approinted movable and fixed devices, depending on age group and individual characteristics of each patient

Diagnostic methods of maxillary compression

Rezumat Studiul a fost efectuat cu scopul de analiza a metodelor de diagnostic al endoalveoliei de maxilar superior ca factor de sporire a eficacităţii tratamentului ortodontic. Sa constatat că patologia reprezintă un tablou clinic complicat, la baza căruia stă o gama largă de factori etiologici generali, loco-regionali, disfuncţionali și obiceiuri vicioase. Pentru realizarea acestui studiu au fost evaluaţi complex, clinic și paraclinic (examenul fotometric, antropometric, studiul de model, cefalometria, OPG), 15 pacienţi cu sindromul de endoalveolie de maxilar (malocluzie clasa II/1 Angle), cu vârste cuprinse între 515 ani. Stabilirea diagnosticului a avut la bază un substrat bine motivat, oferit de către rezultatele cercetărilor genetice, examinărilor clinice și paraclinice cu ajutorul tehnologiilor moderne. Au fost puse în evidenţă aspectele specifice a patologiei de compresie de maxilar, așa cum se exprimă ele la nivel dento-alveolar, scheletal, funcţional și asupra esteticii faciale. Cunoașterea acestor caracteristici au influenţat direct asupra timpului, metodelor și mijloacelor de tratament.Summary The objective of the study was to analyze the diagnostic methods of maxillary compression, in raising the efficiency of orthodontic treatment. It was concluded that the pathology represents a complex clinical picture, which emerge from a multitude of factors of general, regional, dysfunctional ethology and bad habits.15 patients (5 to 15 years) with transverse maxillary deficiency (class II/1 malocclusion)were evaluated clinical and paraclinical (photometric and anthropometric examination, study model, cephalometric data, panoramic radiograph) for this study.The diagnosis was based upon genetic research, clinical and paraclinical examination with modern technology. Specific aspects of maxillary compression pathology were pointed out, as they are expressed on a dental-alveolar, skeletal and functional levels and regarding the facial esthetics.Knowing these details directly influenced the time, types and methods of treatment

Two-phase treatment of class II malocclusion

Orthodontic Department, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of Moldova, Congresul consacrat aniversării a 75-a de la fondarea Universității de Stat de Medicină și Farmacie „Nicolae Testemițanu” din Republica Moldova, Ziua internațională a științei pentru pace și dezvoltareIntroduction: Mixed dentition treatment goals often focus on skeletal rather than dental correction. Recognized as a difficult anomaly to treat, class II Angle malocclusions require early diagnosis and treatment, the latter often being staged. A goal of “early” orthodontic treatment is to correct existing or developing skeletal, dentoalveolar, and muscular imbalances to improve the orofacial environment before the permanent teeth eruption is complete. Early intervention may reduce the overall need for complex orthodontic treatment like permanent tooth extraction or orthognathic surgery. Purpose: Evaluation of two-stage treatment of patients with Cass II Angle abnormalities. Material and methods: The study is based on data collected from a group of 50 patients with a diagnosis of malocclusion class II / 1 Angle and class II / 2 Angle, aged 7-18 years. They underwent clinical and paraclinical examinations pretreatment and after each stage, the changes and the effectiveness of the applied treatment were evaluated. The applied methods were mobile / mobilizable devices and fixed technique. Results: Following the analysis of the preliminary and final results of the treatment in two stages from the group of 50 patients, the change of the dentofacial parameters was observed. In the case of patients with maxillary compression, the use of mobilizable devices had an efficiency of about 30% (fig.1), and fixed expansion devices an efficiency of 80%(fig.2). In patients with medium and advanced severity overbite, the use of mobile devices showed an efficiency of 40% of the desired result. The second stage of treatment resulted in achieving the best results against the background of those obtained in the first stage. Conclusions: Evaluation of two-stage treatment of patients with Angle class II abnormalities demonstrated efficacy at each stage. 2. The application of early orthodontic treatment of mobile or mobilizable appliances reflects an increased success rate and a minor risk of recurrence. Proper diagnosis and treatment planning can produce the most satisfying results during the mixed dentition stage