Tumor Microbiome in Murine 4T1 Triple Negative Breast Cancer

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp22/1054/thumbnail.jp

Characterizing the Cytotoxic Effects and Several Antimicrobial Phytocompounds of \u3ci\u3eArgemone mexicana\u3c/i\u3e

Commonly called the Mexican prickly poppy, Argemone mexicana is a stress-resistant member of the Papaveraceae family of plants that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries by indigenous communities in Mexico and Western parts of the United States. This plant has been exploited to treat a wide variety of ailments, with reported antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, as well as cytotoxic effects against some human cancer cell lines. Due to its various therapeutic uses and its abundance of secondary metabolites, A. mexicana has great potential as a drug discovery candidate. Herein, the cytotoxic activities of different parts (seeds, leaves, inner vs. outer roots) of the plant from methanol or hexane extracts are preliminarily characterized against cells of seven unique organisms. When comparing 1 mg of each sample normalized to background solvent alone, A. mexicana methanol outer root and leaf extracts possessed the strongest antimicrobial activity, with greatest effects against the Gram-positive bacteria tested, and less activity against the Gram-negative bacteria and fungi tested. Additionally, the outer root methanol and seed hexane extracts displayed pronounced inhibitory effects against human colon cancer cells. Quantification of c-MYC (oncogene) and APC (tumor suppressor) mRNA levels help elucidate how the A. mexicana root methanol extract may be affecting colon cancer cells. After ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and subsequent nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the root and leaf methanol fractions, two main antibacterial compounds, chelerythrine and berberine, have been identified. The roots were found to possess both phytocompounds, while the leaf lacked chelerythrine

A Forward Genetic Screen Reveals Novel Independent Regulators of Ulbp1, an Activating Ligand for Natural Killer Cells

Recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system is crucial for limiting tumor growth. Natural killer (NK) cells become activated when the receptor NKG2D is engaged by ligands that are frequently upregulated in primary tumors and on cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms driving NKG2D ligand expression on tumor cells are not well defined. Using a forward genetic screen in a tumor-derived human cell line, we identified several novel factors supporting expression of the NKG2D ligand ULBP1. Our results show stepwise contributions of independent pathways working at multiple stages of ULBP1 biogenesis. Deeper investigation of selected hits from the screen showed that the transcription factor ATF4 drives ULBP1 gene expression in cancer cell lines, while the RNA-binding protein RBM4 supports ULBP1 expression by suppressing a novel alternatively spliced isoform of ULBP1 mRNA. These findings offer insight into the stress pathways that alert the immune system to danger

Cuidados bucales en pacientes con púrpura trombocitopénica idiopática

A Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática (PTI) é uma doença sanguínea causada devido a um distúrbio hematológico caracterizado por uma diminuição do número de plaquetas circulantes no sangue. O objetivo deste trabalho é orientar o cirurgião-dentista com os cuidados referentes ao tratamento de pacientes com PTI. Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura utilizando as bases de dado: PubMed e SciELO.   Na cavidade bucal a PTI pode provocar petéquias, equimoses na mucosa, sangramento gengival espontâneo, sangramento de lesões superficiais e de cortes, podendo ser espontânea ou causada por pequenos traumas. O cirurgião-dentista deve compreender e ter os cuidados para o tratamento desses pacientes, sendo importante a realização de medidas preventivas e realizando procedimentos com a filosofia da mínima intervenção.Purple Thrombocytopenia Idiopathic (PTI) is a blood disorder caused due to a hematological disorder characterized by a decrease in the number of circulating platelets in the blood. The aim of this study is to guide the dentist with care regarding the treatment of patients with PTI. A literature review was performed using the databases: PubMed and SciELO. In the buccal cavity it can cause petechiae, ecchymosis in the mucosa, spontaneous gingival bleeding, bleeding of superficial lesions and cuts, and may be spontaneous or caused by minor trauma. The dentist must understand and take care of the treatment of these patients, being important to carry out preventive actions and working with the philosophy of minimal intervention.La Púrpura Trombocitopénica Idiopática (PTI) es una enfermedad sanguínea causada por un trastorno hematológico caracterizado por una disminución del número de plaquetas circulantes en la sangre. El objetivo de este trabajo es orientar al cirujano-dentista con los cuidados referentes al tratamiento de pacientes con PTI. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura utilizando las bases de datos: PubMed y SciELO. En la cavidad bucal la PTI puede provocar petequias, equimosis en la mucosa, sangrado gingival espontáneo, sangrado de lesiones superficiales y de cortes, pudiendo ser espontáneas o causadas por pequeños traumas. El cirujano-dentista debe comprender y tener los cuidados para el tratamiento de esos pacientes, siendo importante la realización de medidas preventivas y realizando procedimientos con la filosofía de la mínima intervención

Event generator tunes obtained from underlying event and multiparton scattering measurements

New sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event (UE) modelling of the PYTHIA8, PYTHIA6 and HERWIG++ MonteCarlo event generators are constructed using different parton distribution functions. Combined fits to CMS UE proton–proton (pp) data at √s = 7 TeV and to UE proton–antiproton (pp) data from the CDF experiment at lower √s, are used to study the UE models and constrain their parameters, providing thereby improved predictions for proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV. In addition, it is investigated whether the values of the parameters obtained from fits to UE observables are consistent with the values determined from fitting observables sensitive to double-parton scattering processes. Finally, comparisons are presented of the UE tunes to “minimum bias” (MB) events, multijet, and Drell– Yan (qq → Z/γ*→lepton-antilepton+jets) observables at 7 and 8 TeV, as well as predictions for MB and UE observables at 13 TeV

Measurement of the differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive pp → W\u3csup\u3e±\u3c/sup\u3e + \u3ci\u3eX\u3c/i\u3e production at √\u3ci\u3es\u3c/i\u3e = 8 TeV

The differential cross section and charge asymmetry for inclusive pp → W± + X → μ±ν + X production at √s = 8 TeV are measured as a function of muon pseudorapidity. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 18.8 fb−1 recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC. These results provide important constraints on the parton distribution functions of the proton in the range of the Bjorken scaling variable x from 10−3 to 10−1

2018 Advent Devotional

2018 Advent Devotions written by the students of Concordia Seminary, St. Louishttps://scholar.csl.edu/osp/1014/thumbnail.jp

TMEM161B modulates radial glial scaffolding in neocortical development.

TMEM161B encodes an evolutionarily conserved widely expressed novel 8-pass trans- membrane protein of unknown function in human. Here we identify TMEM161B homozygous hypomorphic missense variants in our recessive polymicrogyria (PMG) cohort. Patients carrying TMEM161B mutations exhibit striking neocortical PMG and intellectual disability. Tmem161b knockout mice fail to develop midline hem- ispheric cleavage, whereas knock-in of patient mutations and patient-derived brain organoids show defects in apical cell polarity and radial glial scaffolding. We found that TMEM161B modulates actin filopodia, functioning upstream of the Rho-GTPase CDC42. Our data link TMEM161B with human PMG, likely regulating radial glia apical polarity during neocortical development