The Jet Shape at NLL′'

The jet shape is the fraction of the jet energy within a cone $r$ centered on the jet axis. We calculate the jet shape distribution at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy plus next-to-leading order (NLL$'$), accounting for logarithms of both the jet radius $R$ and the ratio $r/R$. This is the first phenomenological study that takes the recoil of the jet axis due to soft radiation into account, which is needed to reach this accuracy, but complicates the calculation of collinear radiation and requires the treatment of rapidity logarithms and non-global logarithms. We present numerical results, finding good agreement with ATLAS and CMS measurements of the jet shape in an inclusive jet sample, $pp \to {\rm jet}+X$, for different kinematic bins. The effect of the underlying event and hadronization are included using a simple one-parameter model, since they are not part of our perturbative calculation.Comment: 36 pages, 14 figures, v2: extended discussion of non-global logarithms, journal versio

Jardineiros-Botânicos em Lisboa (1764-1919). Contributos para a história dos seus jardins

Mestrado em Arquitetura Paisagista / Instituto Superior de Agronomia. Universidade de LisboaA presente dissertação de mestrado tem como objectivo contribuir para um conhecimento mais actual sobre um conjunto de jardineiros que, entre a reconstrução de Lisboa após o terramoto de 1755 e as primeiras décadas do século XX, trabalharam nos jardins da capital contratados por privados, estabelecimentos botânicos, casa real e câmara municipal. Eram grandes conhecedores de plantas e do seu cultivo, detentores de sólidos conhecimentos botânicos e de jardinagem e foram os responsáveis pela aplicação de um novo modelo florístico, caracterizado pela introdução e aclimatação de uma nova flora exótica que transformou, até aos nossos dias, a paisagem de Lisboa. Foram estudados catorze jardineiros-botânicos, na sua maioria estrangeiros: Domenico Vandelli, Félix de Avelar Brotero, John Rosenfelder, Fernando de Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha, Jean-Baptiste Bonnard, João Francisco da Silva, Friedrich Welwitsch, Pierre Maurier, Jacob Weiss, Edmond Goeze, Jules Daveau, Ernest Pissard, Henri Cayeux e Henri Navel. Estes jardineiros-botânicos participaram na construção, plantação, renovação e conservação de quintas, parques, passeios e jardins, contribuindo de forma inequívoca para um valioso património botânico que, através de uma flora universal, transformou a imagem de LisboaN/

Calculating the angle between jet axes

We study the angle between i) the standard jet axis, ii) the axis of a jet which has been groomed using soft drop, with reduced sensitivity to soft radiation, iii) the jet axis obtained with the winner-take-all recombination scheme, which is insensitive to soft radiation at leading power. We calculate the distributions for these angles at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy, including non-global logarithms. The angle between the standard and groomed jet axis directly probes soft wide-angle radiation, leading to a novel factorization formula. This angle is also very sensitive to nonperturbative physics, which is directly connected to nonperturbative contribution to the rapidity anomalous dimension for transverse momentum distributions. Comparing our predictions to Pythia we find good agreement, and we foresee applications to jet substructure in proton-proton and heavy ion collisions.Comment: 39 pages, 13 figure

The qTq_T spectrum for Higgs production via heavy quark annihilation at N3^3LL′'+aN3^3LO

We study the transverse momentum ($q_T$) spectrum of the Higgs boson produced via the annihilation of heavy quarks ($s,c,b$) in proton-proton collisions. Using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET) and working in the five-flavour scheme, we provide predictions at three-loop order in resummed perturbation theory (N$^3$LL$'$). We match the resummed calculation to full fixed-order results at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO), and introduce a decorrelation method to enable a consistent matching to an approximate N$^3$LO (aN$^3$LO) result. Since the $b$-quark initiated process exhibits large nonsingular corrections, it requires special care in the matching procedure and estimation of associated theoretical uncertainties, which we discuss in detail. Our results constitute the most accurate predictions to date for these processes in the small $q_T$ region and could be used to improve the determination of Higgs Yukawa couplings from the shape of the measured Higgs $q_T$ spectrum.Comment: 25 pages + 11 appendix + references, 18 figure

New tools for chemical modification of proteins

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Química Farmacêutica e Terapêutica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014This thesis falls within the field of chemical biology, describing a selective modification (with controlled reversibility) of primary amines of biomolecules. Selective conjugation of species to the surface of biomolecules is extremely important in that it allows an endless number of biological applications, leading to modify the properties of biomolecules. As examples of these modifications, the mimicry of post-translational modifications of proteins, artificial glycosylation and immobilization of biomolecules to certain surfaces, incorporation of molecules for bioimaging, enhancement of pharmacokinetic properties of biomolecules and drug-delivery possibilities. Based on published literature, a selective modification (with controlled reversibility) of primary amines on the surface of native proteins and other biomolecules was found and optimized. Its theoretical foundations were elucidated with DFT calculations and its reversibility proven with a select set of endogenous molecules. After the above-mentioned discovery and optimized conjugation, various synthetic modifications have been made to induce specific chemical properties to the molecule, keeping the core structure that allows conjugation. Several compounds with different properties were synthesized and important biological studies were performed. Particularly, a study from which it was concluded that these iminoboronates are stable enough to go through cellular internalization and that the conjugation of a cytotoxic drug with a biomolecule can possibly increase the selectivity of the internalization of the drug. The study of intracellular reversibility of the conjugate is currently in progress through the development of an "ON-OFF" probe that is specific for this type of conjugation. Nevertheless, in this work it was found that the conjugation system has a deficient reversibility, and for that reason experiments were initiated (ongoing work) to improve this bioconjugation to the point that a broader number of biological applications can be applied.A tese apresentada insere-se no campo de química biológica, descrevendo uma modificação selectiva (e com reversibilidade controlada) de aminas primárias em biomoléculas. A conjugação selectiva de espécies à superfície de biomoléculas é extremamente importante na medida em que permite um infindável número de aplicações biológicas, podendo até modificar as propriedades inerentes da biomolécula. Como exemplos destas modificações, salientam-se a mimetização de modificações pos-translaccionais de proteínas, a glicosilação artificial e a imobilização a determinadas superfícies de biomoléculas, a incorporação de moléculas para bioimaging, a alteração de propriedades farmacocinéticas de biomoléculas e a possibilidade de distribuição selectiva de compostos com propriedades farmacológicas. Baseado na literatura publicada, uma modficação selectiva e com reversibilidade controlada de aminas primárias à superfície de proteínas naturadas e outras biomoléculas foi encontrada e optimizada. As suas fundamentações teóricas foram elucidadas com um estudo de cálculos de DFT e a sua reversibilidade comprovada utilizando um conjunto selecto de moléculas. Depois de descoberta e optimizada a conjugação supracitada, diferentes modificações sintéticas foram feitas para conferir propriedades químicas específicas à molécula, mantendo a estrutura nuclear que permite a conjugação. Sintetizados vários compostos com diferentes propriedades, importantes estudos biológicos poderam ser feitos. Nomeadamente, o estudo que permitiu concluir que os iminoboronatos são estáveis o suficiente a um processo de internalização celular e que a conjugação de um fármaco citotóxico a uma biomolécula poderá aumentar a selectividade da internalização do fármaco. O estudo de reversibilidade intracelular do conjugado está neste momento a decorrer, através do desenvolvimento de uma sonda “ON-OFF” específica para este tipo de conjugações. Ainda assim, no decorrer do trabalho, verificou-se que o sistema de conjugação tem uma reversibilidade deficiente, pelo que, foram iniciadas experiências (ainda em curso) para melhorar esta bioconjugação ao ponto de potenciar as suas aplicações biológicas.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT

Hybrid Monte Carlo dose algorithm for low energy X-rays intraoperative radiation therapy

Low energy X-rays Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy (XIORT) treatment delivered during surgery (ex: INTRABEAM, Carl Zeiss, and Axxent, Xoft) can benefit from accurate and fast dose prediction in a patient 3D volume

Management of Lateral Semicircular Canal Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of peripheral vestibular vertigo. It is caused by free-floating otoconia moving freely in one of the semicircular canals (canalolithiasis) or by otoliths adhered to the cupula (cupulolithiasis). The posterior canal is the most common canal affected, followed by the lateral canal. Diagnosis of the side affected is critical for successful treatment;therefore, suppressing visual fixation is essential to examination of these patients' eye movement. On the basis of our experience, we have adopted the Zuma maneuver and the modified Zuma maneuver for both apogeotropic and geotropic variants of lateral canal BPPV. Knowledge of the anatomy and pathophysiologic mechanisms of the semicircular canals is essential for correct management of these patients. Hence, using a single maneuver and its modification may facilitate daily neurotological practice

Effects of changed grazing regimes and habitat fragmentation on Mediterranean grassland birds

In Iberian cereal-steppes, decoupling of payments from current production levels through the Single Farm Payment raised concerns regarding the potential for land abandonment and replacement of sheep by cattle, with eventual negative consequences for declining grassland birds. This study addressed this issue by analysing the responses of five grassland bird species of conservation concern to spatial land use gradients, which are expected to reflect changes potentially associated with the CAP reform. Our results show that both habitat fragmentation and grazing regimes were major drivers of breeding bird densities, though responses to these factors were species-specific. Thekla larks were most abundant in landscapes with small grassland patches and high edge density, whereas calandra larks were abundant only in large expanses of continuous open farmland habitat. Little bustard and short-toed lark densities declined in highly fragmented landscapes, but they appeared to tolerate or even benefit from low to moderate levels of open habitat fragmentation. Corn buntings were little affected by landscape patterns. At the field scale, little bustard and corn bunting densities were highest in fields grazed by cattle, whereas short-toed larks were mostly associated with sheep pastures. Short-toed larks and Thekla larks were most abundant in old fallow fields where cattle was largely absent, whereas corn buntings showed the inverse pattern. These results confirm the view that the same agricultural policies may be favourable for some species of conservation concern but detrimental to others, and so they cannot be assumed to bring uniform conservation benefits