Politeness in Hittite state correspondence: Address and self-presentation

In this paper deferential and strategic or face-based politeness are distinguished (Jucker 2010). The distinction seems to be crucial for a proper understanding of the use of address and self-presentation terms and the address formula in Hittite state correspondence. Namely, the corpus of 80 letters written between c. 1450 and 1190 B.C. shows that the appropriate use of politeness largely reflects the writer's awareness of his place in society, as well as his desire to behave in conformity with culturally expected forms of behavior. Examples of deferential politeness are thus influenced by the relative and absolute social status of communication participants as well as general and socially expected concern for the addressee's face. Examples of real strategic politeness may be observed in symmetric relations where the writer is trying to minimalize a potentially face-threatening act and in some letters to the Hittite king

Biorefining Twin Transition: Digitalisation for Bio-based Chemicals/Materials - Discovery, Design and Optimisation

The article discusses the production of platform chemicals from various biological sources, including glycerol, lignin, cellulose, bio-oils, and sea products. It presents the results of catalytic and downstream processes involved in the conversion of these biomass-derived feedstocks. The experimental approaches are complemented by numerical descriptions, ranging from density functional theory (DFT) calculations to kinetic modellingof the experimental data. This multi-scale modelling approach helps to understand the underlying mechanisms and optimize the production of platform chemicals from renewable resources

Managementski model svetovalnega mentorstva in vpliv njegovih aktivnosti na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja

The article tries to answer the research question: What is the potential additive effect on employee satisfaction and overall company performance when using managerial coaching model and its activities? The purpose of the article has been to form a model of managerial coaching and of the influence of its activities on employee satisfaction and overall company performance based on theory review and field study results. We have confirmed the two main hypotheses and all the secondary hypotheses with two empirical studies, one focused on the managers and the other on the employees. The topic is of practical value and it will help managers in Slovenia and abroad to understand the effect of the activities of coaching on employee satisfaction and overall company performance.V članku smo poskušali odgovoriti na temeljno raziskovalno vprašanje: Kakšen je potencialni dodatni učinek na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja z uporabo managementskega modela coachinga in aktivnosti, ki jih zajema model? Namen našega članka je na temelju teorije s tega področja in spoznanj iz terenske raziskave oblikovati managementski model coachinga in vpliva njegovih aktivnosti na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja. Z dvema empiričnima raziskavama (ena je temeljila na vzorcu managerjev, druga na vzorcu zaposlenih) smo potrdili obe glavni hipotezi in vse pomožne hipoteze. Na podlagi zgoraj napisanega lahko sklepamo, da je tema izjemno aktualna, njeni rezultati pa bodo omogočili slovenskim in tudi drugim managerjem razumeti pomen in vpliv aktivnosti coachinga na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja

EVENT MARKETING

V visoko razviti potrošniški družbi in prostoru zasičenem z oglasi dogodki pridobivajo na priljubljenosti kot orodje marketinškega komuniciranja. V literaturi so obravnavani predvsem v okviru turizma in upravljanja z dogodki, raziskave pa kažejo na vse pogostejšo uporabo dogodkov v okviru tržno komunikacijskega spleta. Najpomembnejši prednosti dogodkov v primerjavi z drugimi orodji sta, da se odjemalec na podlagi lastne odločitve odloči za obisk dogodka in da odjemalcu dogodki nudijo pozitivno izkušnjo, ki jo povežejo s podjetjem ali znamko podjetja. Dogodek ustvarja emocionalno povezanost odjemalcem in znamko ter posledično zvišuje lojalnost odjemalcev, legitimira višje cene in zagotavlja diferenciacijo znamke. Prav tako omogoča odjemalcu doživeti, izkusiti znamko in se mu približati na subtilen način. Uspeh dogodka je dosežen, kadar se z obiskovalci vzpostavi obojestranska interakcija in zadovoljstvo. Za uspešen dogodek je nujno strateško razmišljanje, načrtovanje in raziskovanje pred dogodkom, dovršena izvedba samega dogodka in po dogodku ovrednotenje uspeha, ki je že prvi korak k naslednjemu dogodku. Diplomski seminar predstavlja raziskavo teoretičnega pomena marketinga dogodka in njegovih značilnosti ter primerjavo teoretičnih izhodišč na praktičnem primeru Zimskih olimpijskih iger v Vancouvru 2010 in Slovenskega olimpijskega mesta.In a highly developed consumer society saturated with advertisements, events are getting more and more popular as a marketing communication element. In literature events are mentioned in connection with tourism and event management, but recent research shows an increase in using events as an element of the marketing communication mix. Two of the most important advantages of events are: it is the consumer\u27s own decision to attend the events and they can offer to the consumer a positive experience, which the consumer links with the company or the company\u27s brand. Events create an emotional connection between the consumer and the company\u27s brand, consequently they can increase the consumer\u27s loyalty, legitimate premium prices and ensure brand differentiation. The consumer is able to experience the brand through events and so being approached in a subtile way. Events objectives are met when a reciprocal interaction and satisfaction is established. For a successful event strategic thinking, planning and research are imperative before the event, perfect realization of the event itself and thorough evaluation after it. The last step is at the same time the first step of the next planned event. Diploma represents the research of theoretical meaning of event marketing and its features as well as comparison of theoretical facts with project Winter Olympic Games Vancouver 2010 and project Slovenian Olympic city

Teamwork in the organization

Diplomski projekt z naslovom Timsko delo v organizaciji temelji na timskem delu, ki se izvaja za področje poslovanja organizacij. Timsko delo je del managementa. Timsko delo je zelo cenjeno delo in ponekod v podjetjih tudi pogoj za zaposlitev. V Uvodu smo predstavili jedro izbrane tematike, osnovne trditve, hipoteze, predpostavke, omejitve, cilje in namen. V drugem poglavju je predstavljeno področje managementaosnove, ki so pomembne za vsakega bodočega managerja, teoretični vidiki managementa in ključne managerske funkcije. V tretjem poglavju je predstavljena izhodiščna tema naloge ‒ timsko delo. Poglavje zajema razlago têrmina tim, njegove prednosti, slabosti in lastnosti. Predstavljene so glavne razlike med timom in skupino ter vrste timov. Tim ima kot skupina vodjo, zato je tudi podpoglavje Vodja vključen v nalogo vključno s komunikacijo, motivacijo in vplivi osebnosti na timsko sodelovanje. V nalogi smo obravnavali tudi primer iz prakse, ga analizirali in definirali ugotovitve.Das Thema des Diplomprojekts ist „Teamarbeit in der Organisation“. Es gehört zum Bereich Management. Teamarbeit ist eine sehr geschätzte Arbeitsform, und in einigen Unternehmen auch eine wichtige Voraussetzung für die Einstellung. In der Einleitung stellten wir den Bereich, die grundlegenden Behauptungen, Hypothesen, Annahmen, Limitationen, Ziele und den Zweck dar. Das zweite Kapitel spricht über das Management und die notwendigen Grundlagen, die für jeden zukünftigen Manager wichtig sind. Die theoretischen Aspekte des Managements und die Schlüsselfunktionen des Managements sind auch vorgestellt. Das dritte Kapitel präsentiert das Thema, das ist die Teamarbeit. Es beinhaltet die Definitionen des Begriffs Team, seine Stärken, Schwächen und Merkmale. Die wichtigsten Unterschiede zwischen Team und Gruppe, Arten von Teams werden dargestellt. Jedes Team hat einen Leiter, das behandeln wir im Unterkapitel „Leiter“, einschließlich Kommunikation, Motivation und Auswirkungen der Persönlichkeit auf die Zusammenarbeit im Team. In der Arbeit behandelten und analysierten wir ein Praxisbeispiel und definierten die Ergebnisse

MANAGEMENT COACHING MODEL AND IMPACT OF ITS\u27 ACTIVITIES ON EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION AND ON EFFECTIVENESS OF ENTERPRISE

V doktorski nalogi smo se lotili obravnave problema, ki po nam dostopni literaturi ni obravnavan. Zasledili nismo podatka, da bi v Sloveniji izvedli raziskavo, v katerem podjetju že uporabljajo coaching in v katerem ne. Zasledili tudi nismo podatka, da bi bila do sedaj narejena raziskava o vplivu aktivnosti coachinga na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja z vidika managementa. Torej tudi modela coachinga in vpliva njegovih aktivnosti z vidika managementa na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja, po nam dostopni literaturi še ni možno zaslediti. Ker nas povezava med konstrukti v okviru coachinga ter konstruktoma zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja, prav tako pa tudi povezava med konstrukti v okviru cochinga in posameznimi komponentami zadovoljstva zaposlenih in uspešnosti podjetja zanima, smo jo opravili v naši doktorski disertaciji. Z namenom uporabe v praksi smo izdelali managementski model coachinga, s pomočjo katerega smo preučili vpliv aktivnosti coachinga na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja. Človek postaja v podjetju čedalje bolj pomemben, saj tako managerji kot tudi zaposleni predstavljajo prednost v podjetju. Pomembno je, da se zaposleni pri opravljanju svojega dela počutijo dobro in so zanj motivirani oziroma da so zadovoljni pri delu. Prav tako je pomembno, da znajo managerji svoje veščine vodenja pravilno uporabljati, saj s tem vplivajo na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja. V doktorski disertaciji smo na podlagi zgoraj napisanega poskušali odgovoriti na temeljno raziskovalno vprašanje: Kakšen je potencialni dodatni učinek na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja z uporabo managementskega modela coachinga in aktivnosti, ki jih zajema model? Namen naše doktorske disertacije je na temelju teorije s tega področja in spoznanj s terenske raziskave oblikovati managementski model coachinga in vpliva njegovih aktivnosti na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja. Regresijski managementski model coachinga je v empiričnem delu raziskave temeljil na konstruktih v okviru coachinga in konstruktu zadovoljstvo zaposlenih ter konstruktu uspešnost podjetja, v ozadju katerih so managerji in zaposleni. Gre za naslednje konstrukte, ki so obenem tudi naši ključni raziskovalni konstrukti: (i) konstrukti v okviru coachinga (empatija, asertivna komunikacija, strateško razmišljanje, delegiranje in optimiranje dela), (ii) konstrukt zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in (iii) konstrukt uspešnost podjetja z vidika managementa. Povezavo med omenjenimi konstrukti najbolje odraža naša temeljna teza, ki se glasi: podjetja lahko ob primerni pozornosti, ki jo namenijo izvajanju komponent managementskega modela coachinga, dosegajo pomemben vpliv na zadovoljstvo zaposlenih ter na uspešnost podjetja. V raziskovanju smo upoštevali, da konstrukte v okviru coachinga ter konstrukta zadovoljstvo zaposlenih in uspešnost podjetja z vidika managementa, merimo na temelju opredeljenih konstruktov in posameznih komponent zadovoljstva zaposlenih in uspešnosti podjetja. V okviru coachinga smo oblikovali 5 konstruktov: (i) empatija, (ii) asertivna komunikacija, (iii) strateško razmišljanje, (iv) delegiranje in (v) optimiranje dela. Konstrukt zadovoljstvo zaposlenih je sestavljen iz naslednjih petih komponent (spremenljivk): (i) posameznikova ustvarjalnost, (ii) organizacija dela, (iii) timsko delo, (iv) vsebina dela in (v) medsebojni odnosi. Konstrukt uspešnost podjetja pa je sestavljen iz naslednjih štirih komponent (spremenljivk): (i) obvladovanje stroškov, (ii) donosnost izdelka, (iii) dobiček in (iv) rast prihodkov. Glede na tezo doktorske disertacije in temeljno raziskovalno vprašanje ter s tem povezane ključne konstrukte je bil naš cilj na ravni storitvenih podjetij v Sloveniji pri managerjih in zaposlenih v skladu z opredeljenim vzorcem izmeriti vpliv coachinga in njegovih aktivnosti na dejavnike zadovoljstva zaposlenih in kazalnike uspešnosti podjetja. Tako smo prvič v Sloveniji izmerili povezavo med coachingom, zadovoljstvom zaWe have been dealing with a problem in the doctoral dissertation which has not been researched according to the available literature for us. We have not found data about the research in Slovenia if companies use coaching or not. We have not found data about the research of coaching activities and their influence on satisfaction of employees and successfulness of a company from the management point of view. Therefore, we have not been able to find the model of coaching and its activities’ influence from the management point of view to satisfaction of employees and successfulness of the company according to the available literature for us. Because the connection between the coaching constructs and constructs of employees’ satisfaction and successfulness of a company as well as the connection between the constructs in connection with coaching and separate components of employees’ satisfaction and successfulness of a company has been interesting for us, we have done a research in our doctoral dissertation. We have prepared a management model of coaching with the purpose of using it in practice and we have researched the influence of activities of coaching to satisfaction of employees and successfulness of a company. A human is becoming more and more important in a company because managers as well as employees present an advantage in a company. It is important that the employees feel well at their work and that they are motivated for it or satisfied at work. It is also important that managers know how to use their skill well and therefore, influence satisfaction of the employees and successfulness of the company. We have tried to answer the basic research question in the doctoral dissertation according to the written above: What is the potential additional effect on the employees’ satisfaction and successfulness of the company with using management model of coaching and activities of the model? The purpose of our doctoral dissertation has been to shape a management model of coaching and influence its activities on employees’ satisfaction and successfulness of the company with the basic theories from that area and research findings from the research. Regression management model of coaching in the empirical part of the research is based on constructs of coaching and the construct of employees’ satisfaction and the construct of the company’s successfulness. The next constructs are of key importance for our research: constructs in connection with coaching (empathy, assertive communication, strategic thinking, delegating, and optimization of work), the construct of employees’ satisfaction, and the construct of successful company from the management’s point of view. The connection between the mentioned constructs is best described in out foundation thesis which follows: companies can if they have appropriate attention which they focus on execution of components of management model of coaching reach and important influence on the employees’ satisfaction and successfulness of the company. We have considered that the constructs of coaching and constructs satisfaction of employees and successfulness from the point of view of management are measured on defined constructs and separate components satisfaction of employees and successfulness of the company. We have formed 5 constructs in connection with coaching: empathy, assertive communication, strategic thinking, delegating, and optimization of work. The construct satisfaction of employees is formed from the following five components (variables): creativity of an individual, organization of work, team work, content of work, and interpersonal relationships. The construct of company’s successfulness is a compound of the following four components (variables): mastery of expenses, lucrativeness of the product, profit, and growth of incomes. According to the doctoral dissertation and basic research question and the connected key constructs, our goal has been to measure the influence of coaching and its activities on satisfaction of employees’ factors

DIGITAL MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS IN SIMOBIL D.D.

Digitalni marketing oz. marketinško komuniciranje je relativno nov tehnološki izraz, ki je izbruhnil v svet industrije. Opredelimo ga lahko kot promocijsko izpostavljenost izdelkov ali svetovnih blagovnih znamk skozi eno ali več oblik družbenega mreženja. Povzroča pravi gospodarski razcvet, medtem ko so tradicionalne marketinške metode postale manj dobičkonosne in zastarele ter se v veliki večini osredinjajo samo na televizijske in časopisne oglase. Njegov obstoj ne gre jemati kot luksuzen ali sekundaren vir marketinga, saj številni napovedujejo, da bo kmalu prevzel vlogo tradicionalnega marketinga, kar je posledica vse večjih potreb odjemalcev in povečanja zavedanja posameznikov. Odjemalci po vsem svetu so postali zelo kritični in se pred nakupom izdelkov ali storitev o teh skrbno informirajo. Okusi so vedno bolj različni in težko zadovoljivi. Digitalni marketing zato velja za veliko bolj donosnega, saj omogoča podjetjem tesnejše stike s svojimi odjemalci. Vendar ohranjanje uspeha, doseženega z digitalnim marketinškim komuniciranjem, ni lahka naloga. Z namenom ustvariti učinkovito digitalno marketinško kampanjo, morajo podjetja razumeti svoj tip odjemalcev in svoje sporočilo predstaviti na preprost, iskren in atraktiven način. Podjetja morajo prav tako upoštevati mnenja odjemalcev ter svoje izdelke redno posodabljati in iskati inovacije. V naslednjih poglavjih bomo podrobneje opredelili pojem digitalni marketing oz. marketinško komuniciranje, pogledali njegove dobre in slabe strani, predstavili izzive, s katerimi se spoprijema, raziskali njegovo povezavo s tradicionalnim marketingom, se dotaknili aktualnih trendov na tem področju ter ga prikazali na primeru uspešnega podjetja.Digital Marketing is a new technological term that bursts into the world of industry. It can be defined as the promotional exposure of products or world brands through one or more forms of social networking. It has been deemed to be the new economic boom approach. Traditional marketing methods of merchandise have become less profitable and outdated. It only focused on tv and newspaper ads to attract consumers attention. The notion of a digital marketing burst , is not meant to be a luxurious or a secondary source of marketing but it emerges to substitute the traditional marketing. This is due to the excess needs of the consumers as well as the increase of awareness for individuals . Customers all over the world have become very critical and constantly researching products before making any purchase. The general taste has become sophisticated and hard to please. As a result digital marketing is thought to be a much profitable and greater way of fulfilling the needs of the general population. On the other hand, it is not an easy task to obtain success via digital marketing. In order to develop an effective digital marketing campaign, it is important for an enterprise to understand the types of customers it is serving and to work hard on conveying its marketing message in the simplest, most honest and attractive way possible. Also marketers need to consider customers reviews and be flexible to update and innovate their products. In the following chapters we will therefore further define the concept of digital marketing and marketing communications, look at its good and bad sides, present challenges that digital marketing is faced with, investigate its relation with traditional marketing, look at the current trends in this field and analize a case of a company which is using digital marketing

Spone preteklosti in sedanjosti v Evripidovem Orestu

Tragedija Orest se v marsičem kaže kot »najbolj evripidovska izmed vseh Evripidovih iger«. Njena slogovna in tematska kompleksnost zato omogočata zelo raznovrstne interpretacije. Prispevek najprej predstavi koncepta pobožnosti in tragične napake v grški ljudski religiji in tragiški misli. Temu pa sledi raziskava, kako ta koncepta vplivata na interpretacijo Evripidove različice mita o Tantalidih, značajev in dejanj dramskih oseb ter končnega preobrata. Ta analiza kaže, da pesnik v svojem zadnjem nagovoru Atencev (drama je bila uprizorjena leta 408 pr. n. št.) prikazuje večno kaotično stanje vojne, ki ga ljudje niso sposobni preseči. Zato je treba kot resno in politično motivirano sporočilo drame razumeti tudi končni preobrat in Apolonov nastop, ki osmisli preteklost in človeško trpljenje, poveže sprte strani ter jim zapove, naj častijo mir

Evripid: Ion (725‒1249)

Predstavljeni odlomek se začne na točki, ko se Krevza skupaj s starcem in služabnicami napoti k Apolonovemu templju, da bi izvedela prerokbo. V njem smo priča Krevzini bolečini, ko izve, da ne bo dobila otroka in da jo je Ksut izdal. Temu se pridruži še njena zgodba o Apolonovem posilstvu in izpostavitvi otroka. Starec ji predlaga maščevanje nad Ksutom in Ionom, Krevza pa se odloči zgolj za to, da bo poskusila odstraniti Iona. Njena spletka, da bi Iona zastrupila s kapljico Gorgonine krvi, je razkrita in Krevza je obsojena na smrt s kamenjanjem. Odlomek se zaključi s tožbo zbora ob smrtni obsodbi

Pojavljanje črne žolne (Dryocopus martius) v gozdnati krajini okolice Ljubljane

Črna žolna (Dryocopus martius L.) je ptica večjih in sklenjenih gozdov. Za Ljubljano in njeno okolico so takšni gozdovi značilni predvsem v hribovitem predelu, medtem ko je v nižinah gozdov zelo malo. Zato se pojavlja vprašanje ali so ti gozdovi primerni za njen obstoj. Popis črnih žoln je potekal spomladi leta 2011. Petdeset popisnih točk je bilo popisanih vsak mesec (marec, april, maj). Prisotnost žolne je bila potrjena z njenim odzivom na posnetek klica črne žolne, ki je bil predvajan na vsaki točki (play-back metoda). Namen naloge je bil ugotoviti kje se žolna pojavlja. Ugotavljal se je tudi vpliv skupne lesne zaloge, lesne zaloge iglavcev in listavcev, razvojne faze gozda in sklepa sestoja na pojavljanje črne žolne. Pri razvojni fazi sta bili obravnavani samo fazi debeljaka in pomlajenca, pri sklepu pa le rahel ter vrzelast sklep sestoja. Raziskovala se je tudi velikost gozdnih površin in njihova oddaljenost od gozdne matice, da so še primerne za prisotnost žolne. Pri popisu je bil zabeležen tudi odziv ostalih vrst ptic na predvajan posnetek črne žolne za kasnejše ugotavljanje ali se vrste izločujejomed seboj. Rezultati so pokazali, da je črna žolna pogosta na posameznih območjih, ponekod pa je zelo redka ali pa sploh ni prisotna. Najpogostejša je v gozdovih okolice Rašice, odsotna pa na ravninskem področju Ljubljanskega polja. V manjših gozdnih površinah ni bila opažena. Vpliva parametrov zgradbe gozda ni bilo možno dokazati, saj so bile razlike med pojavljanji žolne majhne oz. je bilo število zabeleženih ptic premajhno.The Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius L.) is a bird living in big and continuous forests. In Ljubljana these forests are only in the mountain area. In the lowlands only smaller forests appear. The question is if forests in the lowlands are suitable for the presence of the black woodpecker. The inventory of black woodpecker presence for this graduation thesis was made during the spring of 2011. Fifty inventory plots were checked every month from March to May for its presence. The inventory method was play-back method. The black woodpeckerʼs sound was played at every inventory plot. Its response was considered as proof of its presence in that area. The aim of this study was to determine where the black woodpecker is present and how total growing stock, growing stock of deciduous and conifers, developmental phase of forest and canopy cover affect its presence. In the aspect of developmental phase we considered only optimal and reinitiation phase. In the aspect of canopy cover we considered only low canopy cover and gaps. Another aim was to determine how big the forest surface should be and how far from the original forest it should lie, that woodpecker is still present. Other birds that responded to the tape were checked and examined if these species exclude one another. The result was that the black woodpecker is common in some areas, but very rare or missing in others. Most common is in Rašica forests and absent in lowlands around Ljubljana. In small forest areas we did not find any specimen. All parameters of the study could not be proved, because of small differences in data and rare bird occurrence