ηQ\eta_{Q} meson photoproduction in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions

The transverse momentum distributions for inclusive $\eta_{c,b}$ meson described by gluon-gluon interactions from photoproduction processes in relativistic heavy ion collisions are calculated. We considered the color singlet (CS) and color octet (CO) components with the framework of non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) into the production of heavy quarkonium. The phenomenological values of the matrix elements for the color-singlet and color-octet components give the main contribution to the production of heavy quarkonium from the gluon-gluon interaction caused by the emission of additional gluon in the initial state. The numerical results indicate that the contribution of photoproduction processes cannot be negligible for mid-rapidity in p-p and Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) energies.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figure

Identification of metabolites of gardenin A in rat liver microsomes using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion-trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry

Purpose: To identify the metabolites of gardenin A (GA) in rat liver microsomes (RLMs) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion-trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLCLTQ- Orbitrap).Methods: The sample was prepared by incubating GA (100 μg/mL) with RLMs (0.5 mg/mL) for 8 h. Then 5 μL of the sample was injected into UHPLC-LTQ- orbitrap mass spectrometer. The metabolites of GA were tentatively identified based on accurate mass measurements, fragmentation patterns, chromatographic retention times, and bibliography data.Results: A total of 12 metabolites were detected and identified. Based on their  structures, the main reactions in the metabolism of GA are de-methoxylation and de-methylation.Conclusion: This is the first report on in vitro metabolites of GA. These results are considered very helpful for better comprehension of the metabolism of GA and its pharmacological effects.Keywords: Gardenin A, Metabolites, UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap, Rat Liver microsome

Unraveling the Oxidation Mechanism of Formic Acid on Pd(111) Electrode: Implication from pH Effect and H/D Kinetic Isotope Effect

The pH effect and H/D kinetic isotope effect (KIE) of formic acid oxidation reaction (FAOR) on Pd(111) have been systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry. In addition, the pH effect of acetate adsorption on Pd(111) is also studied to have a deep understanding of the role of adsorbates on Pd(111) during the FAOR process. The results clearly show: (1) In solutions with a fixed concentration of acetic acid, the onset potential of acetate desorption is almost unchanged on the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) scale with the increase of pH when the pH is lower than the pKa of acetic acid. However, when the pH is higher than the pKa of acetic acid, the onset potential of acetate desorption shifts positively with a slope of ca. 20 mV per pH unit; (2) In solutions with pH less than 6, the maximum coverage of acetate adsorbed on the Pd(111) electrode is about 0.26 ML; (3) In acidic solutions, FAOR on Pd(111) has obvious pH effect in the potential range of current increasing on SHE scale. After correcting the pHs-induced shift, the onset potential of FAOR shifts negatively by ca. 90 mV per pH unit. However, the pH effect disappears in the potential range after the peak; (4) In alkaline solutions, the onset potential of FAOR is influenced by OHad; (5) The H/D KIE factor of FAOR on Pd(111) is ca. 5 in the pH range of 1–14. Two possible mechanisms trying to explain these results have been proposed. In one, COOadλ– is the active intermediate and the formation of this intermediate is the rate-determining step (RDS), whereas, in the second one, monodentate adsorbed formate (HCOOm) is the active intermediate and its dissociation on the surface is the RDS. The simulated results with both mechanisms are compared with the experimental results and discussed critically.This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 22172151 and 22372154). E.H. and J.M.F. acknowledge financial support from Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Project PID2022-137350NB-I00). Zhen Wei acknowledges support from the China Scholarship Council (award number 202106340060)

Charmless two-body BB meson decays in perturbative QCD factorization approach

The perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach based on $k_T$ factorization has made a great achievement for the QCD calculation of the hadronic B decays. Regulating the endpoint divergence by the transverse momentum of quarks in the propagators, one can do the perturbation calculation for kinds of diagrams including the annihilation type diagrams. In this paper, we review the current status of PQCD factorization calculation of two-body charmless $B\to PP, PV, VV$ decays up to the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections. two new power suppressed terms in decaying amplitudes are also taken into account. By using the universal input (non-perturbative) parameters, we collected the branching ratios and ${\bf CP}$ asymmetry parameters for all the charmless two body $B$ decays, calculated in the PQCD approach up to the NLO, including some power suppressed terms in decaying amplitudes. The results are compared with the ones from QCD factorization approach, soft-collinear effective theory approach and the current experimental measurements. For most considered B meson decays, the PQCD results for branching ratios agree well with other approaches and the experimental data. The PQCD predictions for the ${\bf CP}$ asymmetry parameters for many of the decay channels do not agree with other approaches, but have a better agreement with the experimental data. The longstanding $K \pi$ puzzle about the pattern of the direct CP asymmetries of the penguin-dominated $B \to K \pi$ decays can be understood after the inclusion of the NLO contributions in PQCD. The NLO corrections and power suppressed terms play an important role in the color suppressed and pure annihilation type $B$ decay modes. These rare decays are more sensitive to different types of corrections, providing opportunity to examine the factorization approach with the more precise experimental measurements.Comment: 51 pages, 4 figures, 11 tables, references added, typos remove

Increased CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells correlate with poor short-term outcomes in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients

BackgroundThe roles of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in chronicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been confirmed. We aimed to explore alteration of Treg in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF).MethodsThirty-two HBV-related ACLF patients, 44 chronic hepatitis B patients, and 41 healthy controls were recruited. We detected frequencies of peripheral Treg and intrahepatic forkhead winged helix transcription factor (Foxp3)+ cells. Inhibitory activity of Treg was assessed by functional suppression assays. Serum interferon-γ and interleukin-10 were also determined.ResultsPeripheral Treg and intrahepatic Foxp3+ cells were more markedly increased in ACLF than chronic hepatitis B and controls (all p < 0.001), and the Foxp3+ cells located predominantly in the portal areas. The Treg frequency was positively correlated with HBV DNA load, international normalized ratio, model of end stage liver disease score, and serum interleukin-10 level in ACLF patients. Functional assays in vitro demonstrated that ACLF patients exhibited higher suppressive effects of Treg on proliferations of autologous CD4+CD25− T cells than controls. On logistic regression, prolonged international normalized ratio and higher peripheral Treg frequency predicted 30-day survival of ACLF.ConclusionThe patients with HBV-related ACLF exhibit increased amounts of Treg, of which redistribution from periphery to liver seems to modulate liver inflammation. Higher Treg amounts are associated with more severe liver disease in ACLF, and its level in combination with international normalized ratio may assist prediction of short-term outcomes of HBV-related ACLF

The Protective Effect of Dai Medicine Longxue Jie on Cerebral Ischemia Rats

In this study, we observed the effects of Langxue Jie on neurological function score, cerebral edema, cerebral infarction area, cell morphology and oxidative stress indexes of cerebral ischemia rats, and explored its brain protection effect. The middle cerebral artery embolization (MCAO) model of rats was established by the method of thread embolization. The rats were randomly divided into six groups, and the neurological deficit score (mNSS) of rats was recorded for 14 consecutive days. TTC staining was used to determine the volume of cerebral infarction. The water content of brain tissue was determined (%). SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and MDA oxidative stress indexes were detected in serum of rats. Compared with Sham, the cerebral tissue water content, cerebral infarction area and neurological function score in model group were higher, and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT, indicators of oxidative stress, were decreased with significant differences (P0.05). It is concluded that Longxue Jie can reduce the water content of brain tissue, reduce the area of cerebral infarction, improve cell morphology, reduce oxidative stress response and therefore improve nerve injury, and produce brain protection

Clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic analysis of Lauren classification in gastric adenocarcinoma in China

BACKGROUND: According to the Lauren classification, gastric adenocarcinomas are divided into diffuse and intestinal types. The causative attribution explaining the dismal prognosis of diffuse-type remains unknown. METHODS: We examined the archive of 1000 patients with gastric adenocarcinomas who received radical gastrectomy in our center and assessed the effect of the Lauren classification on survival in a multivariate approach. Moreover we compared the variation of clinical features between the diffuse-type and intestinal-type and explored the contributing factors for the prognostic difference. RESULTS: There were 805 resectable patients for the final analysis. Diffuse-type comprised of 48.7% in the gastric carcinoma in our group and showed poorer prognosis than intestinal-type (P=0.013). Multivariate analysis revealed that independent prognostic factors for gastric carcinoma patients were T stage (P<0.001), N stage (P<0.001) tumor size (P<0.001) and Lauren classification (P=0.003). For the clinical features, diffuse-type was significantly associated with younger age (p<0.001), female preponderance (p <0.001), distal location (P<0.001), advanced pT (p < 0.001), advanced pN (p < 0.001) and advanced TNM stage (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS: Diffuse type adenocarcinoma carries a worse prognosis that may be partially explained by the tendency of this subtype to present at more advanced T and N stage. However, Lauren classification has prognostic significance that is independent of T and N stage as well as other prognostic variables based on the multivariate cox analysis