Effect of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in tibial shaft treatment for fractures in adults: A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to determine the effects of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adults. METHOD: Literature searches of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, the Chinese Biomedical Literature database, the CNKI database, Wanfang Data, and the Weipu Journal database were performed up to August 2013. Only randomized and quasi-randomized controlled clinical trials comparing the use of percutaneous plates and interlocking intramedullary nails for tibial shaft fractures were included. Data collection and extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were performed according to the Cochrane standards. RESULTS: Eleven trials were included. Compared with interlocking intramedullary nailing, minimally invasive percutaneous plates shortened fracture healing time and resulted in lower rates of postoperative delayed union and pain. There was no significant difference between the two methods with regard to the rates of excellent and good Johner-Wruh scoring, the rate of reoperation, and other complications. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, insufficient evidence exists regarding the effects of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adults. Low-quality evidence suggests that minimally invasive percutaneous plates could shorten fracture healing time, decrease the rate of postoperative delayed union, and decrease pain levels compared with interlocking intramedullary nailing. There is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of functional recovery scores, reoperation, and other complications. Further research that includes high-quality randomized controlled, multicenter trials is required to compare the effects of minimally invasive percutaneous plates versus interlocking intramedullary nailing in the treatment of tibial shaft fractures in adults

A new species of Siphlonurus Eaton, 1868 (Ephemeroptera, Siphlonuridae) from Yunnan, China

Siphlonurus dongxi Li & Tong, sp. nov. from Shangri-La City, Yunnan Province, China, is described based on egg, nymph, and winged stages. The new species is closely related to S. davidi (Navás, 1932), and can be distinguished by the colour of the imago, the forking point of MP, the penis, posterolateral spines of tergum IX of imagoes, and first abdominal terga nymph, as well as the structure of the egg. The new species and S. davidi have the same morphological and structural characteristics, such as the long cubital area with many intercalaries, cross veins between C, Sc, RA, and RSa1 surrounded with distinct pigments, the strong curvature of vein CuP in the forewing, the broad expansion of the hindwing, the membranous penis lobes fused without teeth, supporting the proposition of a new species complex, the Siphlonurus davidi group. The structures of the penis and the egg of the new species could help understand the origin and evolution of the genus Siphlonurus

Identification and characterization of microRNAs in Clonorchis sinensis of human health significance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Clonorchis sinensis </it>is a zoonotic parasite causing clonorchiasis-associated human disease such as biliary calculi, cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis, and it is currently classified as carcinogenic to humans for cholangiocarcinoma. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding, regulating small RNA molecules which are essential for the complex life cycles of parasites and are involved in parasitic infections. To identify and characterize miRNAs expressed in adult <it>C. sinensis </it>residing chronically in the biliary tract, we developed an integrative approach combining deep sequencing and bioinformatic predictions with stem-loop real-time PCR analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we report the use of this approach to identify and clone 6 new and 62,512 conserved <it>C. sinensis </it>miRNAs which belonged to 284 families. There was strong bias on families, family members and sequence nucleotides in <it>C. sinensis</it>. Uracil was the dominant nucleotide, particularly at positions 1, 14 and 22, which were located approximately at the beginning, middle and end of conserved miRNAs. There was no significant "seed region" at the first and ninth positions which were commonly found in human, animals and plants. Categorization of conserved miRNAs indicated that miRNAs of <it>C. sinensis </it>were still innovated and concentrated along three branches of the phylogenetic tree leading to bilaterians, insects and coelomates. There were two miRNA strategies in <it>C. sinensis </it>for its parasitic life: keeping a large category of miRNA families of different animals and keeping stringent conserved seed regions with high active innovation in other places of miRNAs mainly in the middle and the end, which were perfect for the parasite to perform its complex life style and for host changes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present study represented the first large scale characterization of <it>C. sinensis </it>miRNAs, which have implications for understanding the complex biology of this zoonotic parasite, as well as miRNA studies of other related species such as <it>Opisthorchis viverrini </it>and <it>Opisthorchis felineus </it>of human and animal health significance.</p

Diethylene glycol poisoning and liver function following accidental diethylene glycol injection

The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatotoxic effects of accidental intravenous diethylene glycol (DEG) poisoning in patients with liver disease. Clinical manifestations were recorded and liver function tests were carried out for 64 patients with liver disease who had been accidentally treated intravenously with DEG. Comparisons were made between the poisoned and non-poisoned groups. Of the 64 cases with preexisting liver disease, 15 cases (23.4 %) developed toxic presentations after exposure to DEG. All cases were men. Twelve of the 15 poisoned patients (80 %)died within seven days. The intravenous administration of DEG resulted in only mild liver function impairment. Gender (p = 0.039) and the severity of jaundice prior to DEG administration were risk factors related to the occurrence of toxin-induced renal failure (p < 0.006). The results suggest that DEG may worsen liver damage in patients with preexisting liver disease. However, our study demonstrated only mild, transient alterations in patients’ baseline liver functions. Severe liver damage secondary to DEG was only occasionally seen in patients with concomitant renal failure

Tris(4-tert-butyl­phen­yl)phosphine oxide

In the title compound, C30H39OP, the P=O bond length is 1.4866 (12) Å and the P—C bond lengths range from 1.804 (2) to 1.808 (13) Å. The molecle is located on a crystallographic mirror plane. The methyl groups of one tert-butyl group are disordered over two sites in a 0.776 (4):0.224 (4) ratio

Sodium Hydrosulfide Relieves Neuropathic Pain in Chronic Constriction Injured Rats

Aberrant neuronal activity in injured peripheral nerves is believed to be an important factor in the development of neuropathic pain (NPP). Channel protein pCREB of that activity has been shown to mitigate the onset of associated molecular events in the nervous system, and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) could inhibit the expression of pCREB. However, whether NaHS could relieve the pain, it needs further experimental research. Furthermore, the clinical potential that NaHS was used to relieve pain was limited so it would be required. To address these issues, the rats of sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) were given intraperitoneal injection of NaHS containing hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The experimental results showed that NaHS inhibited the reduction of paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL), mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT), and the level of pCREB in CCI rats in a dose-dependent manner and they were greatly decreased in NaHSM group (P < 0.05). NaHS alleviates chronic neuropathic pain by inhibiting expression of pCREB in the spinal cord of Sprague-Dawley rats

An Overview of Systematic Reviews of Chinese Herbal Medicine for Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a high prevalence neurodegenerative disorder without a disease-modifying therapy. Up to now, a number of systematic reviews have been conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal Medicine (CHM) for PD patients. Here, we aimed to assess the methodological quality and reporting quality of systematic reviews using an overview, and then synthesize and evaluate the available evidence level of CHM for PD. Six databases were searched from inception to September 2018. The literatures were selected and data were extracted according to prespecified criteria. A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used to evaluate the quality of methodology, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to determine the evidence quality of the primary outcome measures. A total of 11 systematic reviews with 230 RCTs of CHM for PD were included. AMSTAR scores of the included reviews were range from 4 to 9. Compared with conventional western medicine (WCM), CHM paratherapy showed significant effect in improving UPDRS score, Webster scale score, PDQ-39, NMSQuest, CHM Syndrome Integral Scale, and PDSS. However, CHM monotherapy showed no difference relative to WCM according to various outcome measures. Adverse events were reported in 9 systematic reviews. The side effect in CHM paratherapy group was generally less than or lighter than that in WCM group. The quality of the evidence of primary outcomes was moderate (42%) to high (54%) according to the GRADE profiler. The present finding supported the use of CHM paratherapy for PD patients but we should treat the evidence cautiously because of the methodological flaws, whereas there is insufficient evidence of CHM monotherapy for PD