Finding out all locally indistinguishable sets of generalized Bell states

In general, for a bipartite quantum system $\mathbb{C}^{d}\otimes\mathbb{C}^{d}$ and an integer $k$ such that $4\leq k\le d$,there are few necessary and sufficient conditions for local discrimination of sets of $k$ generalized Bell states (GBSs) and it is difficult to locally distinguish $k$-GBS sets.The purpose of this paper is to completely solve the problem of local discrimination of GBS sets in some bipartite quantum systems.Firstly three practical and effective sufficient conditions are given,Fan$^{,}$s and Wang et al.$^{,}$s results [Phys Rev Lett 92, 177905 (2004); Phys Rev A 99, 022307 (2019)] can be deduced as special cases of these conditions.Secondly in $\mathbb{C}^{4}\otimes\mathbb{C}^{4}$, a necessary and sufficient condition for local discrimination of GBS sets is provided, and a list of all locally indistinguishable 4-GBS sets is provided,and then the problem of local discrimination of GBS sets is completely solved.In $\mathbb{C}^{5}\otimes\mathbb{C}^{5}$, a concise necessary and sufficient condition for one-way local discrimination of GBS sets is obtained,which gives an affirmative answer to the case $d=5$ of the problem proposed by Wang et al.Comment: 10 pages, 2 table

catena-Poly[nickel(II)-bis­(μ-2-amino­ethane­sulfonato-κ3 N,O:O′;κ3 O:N,O′)]

In the title polymeric complex, [Ni(C2H6NO3S)2]n, the NiII ion occupies a special position on an inversion centre and displays a slightly distorted octa­hedral coordination geometry, being linked to four sulfonate O atoms and to two N atoms of the taurine ligands. The sulfonate groups doubly bridge symmetry-related NiII centers, forming polymeric chains along the a axis

Gaussian processes autoencoder for dimensionality reduction

Abstract. Learning low dimensional manifold from highly nonlinear data of high dimensionality has become increasingly important for discovering intrinsic representation that can be utilized for data visualization and preprocessing. The autoencoder is a powerful dimensionality reduction technique based on minimizing reconstruction error, and it has regained popularity because it has been efficiently used for greedy pretraining of deep neural networks. Compared to Neural Network (NN), the superiority of Gaussian Process (GP) has been shown in model inference, optimization and performance. GP has been successfully applied in nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction (DR) algorithms, such as Gaussian Process Latent Variable Model (GPLVM). In this paper we propose the Gaussian Processes Autoencoder Model (GPAM) for dimensionality reduction by extending the classic NN based autoencoder to GP based autoencoder. More interestingly, the novel model can also be viewed as back constrained GPLVM (BC-GPLVM) where the back constraint smooth function is represented by a GP. Experiments verify the performance of the newly proposed model

Dynamic comparison between Daan real-time PCR and Cobas TaqMan for quantification of HBV DNA levels in patients with CHB

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels are crucial for managing chronic hepatitis B (CHB). It was unclear whether Daan real-time polymerase chain reaction test (Daan test) or COBAS TaqMan HBV DNA Test (Cobas TaqMan) was superior in measuring different HBV DNA levels in clinical specimens. METHODS: We enrolled 67 treatment-naïve, HBV surface antigen-positive CHB patients (high baseline viral levels) who received either lamivudine/adefovir or entecavir. Serum samples were tested at baseline and treatment week 24 using the Daan test and Cobas TaqMan. RESULTS: In the 67-baseline samples, the HBV DNA levels with the Cobas TaqMan (7.90 ± 0.73 log(10) IU/mL) were significantly greater than those of the Daan test (7.11 ± 0.44 log(10) IU/mL; P < 0.001). Of the 67 24-week samples (low viral levels), the Cobas TaqMan detected 59 (88.1%; 8 undetected); the Daan test detected 33 (49.3%; 34 undetected; P < 0.001). The Cobas TaqMan detected HBV DNA in 26 of 34 samples undetectable by the Daan test (range, 1.4–3.7 log(10) IU/mL) or 38% of samples (26/67). The reductions in viral load after 24 weeks of oral antiviral treatment in the 33 samples that were positive for both the Daan test and the Cobas TaqMan test were significantly different (3.59 ± 1.11 log(10) IU/mL versus 4.87 ± 1.58 log(10) IU/mL, respectively; P = 0.001). Spearman correlation analysis showed positive correlation between results from two tests (r(p) = 0.602,P<0.001). The HBV genotypes and the anti-viral treatment did not affect the measurements of the HBV DNA by the Daan assay and the Cobas Taqman assay. CONCLUSION: The Cobas Taqman was more sensitive at low viral loads than the Daan test and the change from complete to partial virological response could affect clinical decisions. The Cobas Taqman may be more appropriate for detection of HBV DNA levels

Eucomic acid methanol monosolvate

In the crystal structure of the title compound [systematic name: 2-hy­droxy-2-(4-hy­droxy­benz­yl)butane­dioic acid methanol monosolvate], C11H12O6·CH3OH, the dihedral angles between the planes of the carboxyl groups and the benzene ring are 51.23 (9) and 87.97 (9)°. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions involving the hy­droxy and carb­oxy­lic acid groups and the methanol solvent mol­ecule give a three-dimensional structure

Prediction of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients using classification and regression tree analysis

OBJECTIVES: Recent guidelines recommend that all cirrhotic patients should undergo endoscopic screening for esophageal varices. That identifying cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices by noninvasive predictors would allow for the restriction of the performance of endoscopy to patients with a high risk of having varices. This study aimed to develop a decision model based on classification and regression tree analysis for the prediction of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: 309 cirrhotic patients (training sample, 187 patients; test sample 122 patients) were included. Within the training sample, the classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify predictors and prediction model of large esophageal varices. The prediction model was then further evaluated in the test sample and different Child-Pugh classes. RESULTS: The prevalence of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients was 50.8%. A tree model that was consisted of spleen width, portal vein diameter and prothrombin time was developed by classification and regression tree analysis achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 84% for prediction of large esophageal varices. When reconstructed into two groups, the rate of varices was 83.2% for high-risk group and 15.2% for low-risk group. Accuracy of the tree model was maintained in the test sample and different Child-Pugh classes. CONCLUSIONS: A decision tree model that consists of spleen width, portal vein diameter and prothrombin time may be useful for prediction of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patient

Phase transition gravitational waves from pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and two Higgs doublets

We investigate the potential stochastic gravitational waves from first-order electroweak phase transitions in a model with pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter and two Higgs doublets. The dark matter candidate can naturally evade direct detection bounds, and can achieve the observed relic abundance via the thermal mechanism. Three scalar fields in the model obtain vacuum expectation values, related to phase transitions at the early Universe. We search for the parameter points that can cause first-order phase transitions, taking into account the existed experimental constraints. The resulting gravitational wave spectra are further evaluated. Some parameter points are found to induce strong gravitational wave signals, which have the opportunity to be detected in future space-based interferometer experiments LISA, Taiji, and TianQin.Comment: 34 pages, 8 figure