Determination of Clinical and Socio-demographical Differences of Adolescents Applying to a Treatment Center with Family Encouragement or the Decision of the Probation Office and Determination of Predictive Factors in Maintaining Soberness among Probation Cases

WOS: 000379331000008PubMed ID: 28360785Introduction: This study has two objectives. The first objective of this study was the determination of some basic clinical and socio-demographical differences among the adolescents with substance abuse who apply to a treatment center with support from their family or by order of the probation office. The other objective of this study was the determination of the predictive factors in maintaining soberness among adolescents who successfully complete the probation treatment process. Methods: The target population of this study is young adults under 19 years of age who apply to a substance addiction center for adolescents as a result of encouragement from their family or ordered by the Probation Office between 2005 and 2013. These two groups were analyzed in terms of socio-demographical characteristics such as age, the age at which they tried the substance, the age at which they applied to the treatment center, sex, substances they used, education period, employment history, and street life experience. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 18.0 software was used for the statistical analysis. Results: It was detected that among the cases who applied to the treatment center with family support, their education period was longer than probation (PR) cases (p<0.0001), and the rates of previous treatment, their mother being alive, and having street life experiences were more frequent (p values: <0.0001; =0.010; =0.027; <0.0001, respectively) and employment history was higher among PR cases (p<0.0001). In terms of the substances used, ecstasy, alcohol, inhalants, and volatile substances are more common among those applying with family support (p=0.018; 0.001; <0.0001, respectively). However, use of cannabis was found to be more common among PR cases (p<0.0001). It was found that PR cases who successfully completed their treatment process had married parents (p=0.008) and had more years of education (p=0.004). It can be predicted that if the subject is well educated and does not use multiple substances or have an alcohol history, the treatment process for PR cases can be successfully completed. (R-2=0.176; p<0.0001). Conclusion: The rates of completing the treatment among cases analyzed in this study were higher than those among cases from adults. In the studies conducted, the results of the treatment efficiency among PR cases were inconsistent. This inconsistency may result from, except for legal obligations, having different circumstances such as socio-economic factors during the treatment period

Prevalence of Anxiety and Mood Disorders and Demographic Characteristics of Elementary School Students

WOS: 000343191900005PubMed ID: 25219691Objective: Childhood psychiatric disorders can prevent individuals from reaching their full potential, and disrupt normal development. Empirical data on the prevalence and incidence of childhood psychiatric disorders are fundamental to understanding the etiology and natural history of such disorders. There have been fewer epidemiologic investigations aimed at estimating the prevalence, incidence, and associated risk factors of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, as compared to adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of mood disorders (MDs) and anxiety disorders (ADs) in a representative sample of elementary school children from Turkey, providing prevalence rates that were previously unavailable. Materials and Methods: In all, 12 schools were randomly selected and stratified according to socioeconomic status by the Izmir Directorate of National Education. The sample consisted of 419 randomly selected elementary school students, with a 5% margin of error and alpha (t) of 1%. The study included children aged 6-14 years. In total, 417 students were interviewed (total response rate of 99.5 %). The 417 students were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), Teacher Report Form (TRF), and Impairment Criterion Scale (ICS). Results: The prevalence of MDs and ADs without considering impairment was 2.9% and 13.9%, respectively, versus 1.4% and 2.6% with considering impairment, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of MDs and ADs in the present study's sample are similar to those reported from the Western studies. With the inclusion of diagnosis-specific impairment criteria the rates reduced slightly, as previously reported

Psychometric features of Turkish version of Autism-Spectrum Quotient

WOS: 000282841000010Objective: Autism is characterized by difficulties in three separate areas involving impairments in social abilities and communication, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors and interests. Several studies have reported elevated rates of traits related to autism symptoms in first degree relatives called broad autism phenotype. The aim of the study was to evaluate the reliability and psychometric features of the Turkish version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-TR), that was developed by Baron-Cohen and his colleagues and which is a self-administered questionnaire designed to measure the degree to which an adult with normal intelligence has traits associated with autism. Methods: The AQ-TR was administered to 406 university students (58% female, 42% male). To show the reliability of the Turkish version of the AQ (ASQ-TR) Cronbach's alpha values and test-retest was evaluated on university students. Factor analysis was used to test the construct validity of the scale. Results: Cronbach's alpha value for the scale was 0.64. Test-retest reliability of the scale was satisfactory (0.72). Male students scored higher in total score (p=0.003) and social skills, communication and imagination subscales. Principal component analysis supported a three factorial structure. Discussion: These results suggest that the ASSQ-TR is a reliable instrument and also the construct validity was shown by factor analysis. The scale was successful on showing the male-female discrepancy which is notified about other cultures. It is necessary to support the validity of the scale by HFA/AS cases participation. (Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11:253-260

The prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders in primary school children population in Turkey

WOS: 00020954790037

Psychopathology and Temperament in Parents of Adolescents with Substance Use Disorders: A Controlled Study

WOS: 000264595300001PubMed: 19306121Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of psychopathology and temperament in parents of adolescents with substance use disorders (SUD). We compared the psychiatric diagnoses and temperament characteristics of parents of adolescents with SUD with parents of adolescents without SUD. Methods: Diagnostic interviews of the parents were conducted with 3 instruments: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM non-patients, Axis 1 Disorders, and Axis 2 Disorders (SCID-NP, SCID-I, and SCID-II). Temperament characteristics were evaluated with TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and Son Diego Autoquestionnaire), Turkish version. Results: Mood disorders (P = 0.010), and avoidont (P = 0.005) and paranoid (P = 0.011) personality were more frequent in mothers of adolescents with SUD than in the controls, whereas mood disorders (P = 0.011), SUD (P = 0.047), and paranoid personality (P = 0.008) were more frequent in the fathers of adolescents with SUD than in the controls. Depressive, cyclothymic, and anxious temperament scores (respectively P = 0.023, P = 0.00, and P = 0.003) were higher in mothers than in the controls, and depressive temperament (P = 0.013) scores were higher in fathers of adolescents with SUD than in the controls. Conclusion: DSMAxis I and Axis II disorders were more frequent in the parents of adolescents with SUD than in the parents of adolescents without SUD. The difference in temperament characteristics exists in both groups. Familial effects have significant clinical implications for SUD in adolescents, such as individual features and peer effect. Key Words: Adolescent, substance use disorders, psychiatric diagnoses, temperamen

Historia de la Publicidad - PU112 201801

Historia de la Publicidad es un curso de sexto ciclo de la carrera de Comunicación y Publicidad que tiene por objetivo la planificación estratégica y la generación de ideas como habilidades que surgen del resultado de poseer capacidad de análisis y de tener referencias sólidas. Por ese motivo en este curso el estudiante evaluará el rol que la publicidad ha asumido en las sociedades a través de los años desarrollando la competencia general de manejo de la información. Asimismo, desarrollará la competencia específica de Análisis e interpretación de la realidad, a fin de ganar en contexto y referencias propias de su carrera, las mismas que en su momento sirvieron para resolver problemas reales y mejorar la vida de las persona

Protective effects of vitamins A and E pretreatment in venous ischemia/reperfusion injury

It has been suggested that venous ischemia is more injurious to tissue viability than is arterial ischemia of equivalent duration. The precise mechanism of tissue damage due to venous ischemia is still not well-determined. Current research has shown that it is multifactorial, and that lipid peroxides, prostanoid metabolism, and a free radical mechanism are the major contributors. Vitamins A and E are lipid-soluble vitamins that have been suggested to be successful in the treatment of arterial ischemia/reperfusion injury due to their antioxidant properties. In the present study, the authors examined the protective effects of vitamins A and E pretreatment on reperfusion injury induced by venous occlusion of rat epigastric island flaps based on an epigastric artery and vein pedicle

Asperger Disorder Follow-up Period: Discussion of Five Cases in the Context of Problems During Adolescence

WOS: 000406928300006Aim: We aimed to reassess the psychosocial difficulties, psychiatric diagnosis and follow-up period from childhood through adolescence of Asperger disorder cases. Materials and Methods: We reevaluated the files of five cases (four boys, one girl) between 13-17 years of age who had been up for theree to seven years. The psychiatric diagnosis and psychosocial adjustment levels during the last six months were re-evaluated by psychiatric interview. The severity of illness was evaluated with Clinical Global Impression Scale/Violence, and the improvement level with Clinical Global Impression Scale/Recovery. Results: We found that in adolescence, social adjustment problems, affective symptoms and impulse control problems were dominant in the cases. The psychiatric diagnosis were major depressive disorder (n=2), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n=1), obsessive compulsive disorder (n=1), bipolar disorder (n=1); psychotropic medications were antidepressants (n=3), antipsychotics (n=3), methyphenidate (n=1), and mood stabilizator (n=1). The cases benefited from psychopharmacological medication and psychological arrangements. Conclusion: Psychiatric comorbidity is among the factors that affect psychological adjustment in Asperger disorder. Social adjustment problems were found to have increased and additional psychiatric disorders occurred or the existing disorders became more severe in all 5 cases. Affective disorders, disruptive behavior disorders and anxiety disorder have often been seen in our cases as compatible with the literature