CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE WIND IN PIEDMONT

The object of the following study is to individualize the common anemological features in the Piemonte region. The executed analysis avails itself of a multiannual sample of wind data (from 1990 to 2000) collected by 59 ARPA-Piemonte monitoring network. The wind statistical analyses have followed different phases: - analyses of wind frequency and wind directions and spotting of the anemological basins; - annual and monthly average of wind directions; - annual monthly and hourly average of the wind force with spotting of breezes; - analyses of daily and hourly wind calm; - analyses of the strongest windblasts with records of critical cases; - analyses of the number of days of föhn and types of weather (Borghi-Giuliacci method)

CLIMATOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE WIND IN PIEDMONT

The object of the following study is to individualize the common anemological features in the Piemonte region. The executed analysis avails itself of a multiannual sample of wind data (from 1990 to 2000) collected by 59 ARPA-Piemonte monitoring network. The wind statistical analyses have followed different phases: - analyses of wind frequency and wind directions and spotting of the anemological basins; - annual and monthly average of wind directions; - annual monthly and hourly average of the wind force with spotting of breezes; - analyses of daily and hourly wind calm; - analyses of the strongest windblasts with records of critical cases; - analyses of the number of days of föhn and types of weather (Borghi-Giuliacci method)

Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals' 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.acceptedVersio

Behavioral responses of terrestrial mammals to COVID-19 lockdowns

COVID-19 lockdowns in early 2020 reduced human mobility, providing an opportunity to disentangle its effects on animals from those of landscape modifications. Using GPS data, we compared movements and road avoidance of 2300 terrestrial mammals (43 species) during the lockdowns to the same period in 2019. Individual responses were variable with no change in average movements or road avoidance behavior, likely due to variable lockdown conditions. However, under strict lockdowns 10-day 95th percentile displacements increased by 73%, suggesting increased landscape permeability. Animals' 1-hour 95th percentile displacements declined by 12% and animals were 36% closer to roads in areas of high human footprint, indicating reduced avoidance during lockdowns. Overall, lockdowns rapidly altered some spatial behaviors, highlighting variable but substantial impacts of human mobility on wildlife worldwide.acceptedVersio

1990–2016 surface solar radiation variability and trend over the Piedmont region (northwest Italy)

A new surface solar radiation database of 74 daily series is set up for the Piedmont region (northwest Italy) for the 1990–2016 period. All the series are subjected to a detailed quality control, homogenization and gap-filling procedure and are transformed into relative annual/seasonal anomaly series. Finally, a gridded version (0.5°×0.5°) of the database is generated. The resulting series show an increasing tendency of about + 2.5% per decade at annual scale, with strongest trend in autumn (+ 4% per decade). The only exception is winter, showing a negative but not significant trend. Considering the plain and mountain mean series, the trends are more intense for low than for high elevations with a negative vertical gradient of about − 0.03% per decade per 100 m at annual scale and values up to − 0.07% per decade per 100 m in spring. Focusing on clear days only (selected by CM SAF ClOud fractional cover dataset from METeosat first and second generation—Edition 1 satellite data over the 1991–2015 period), trend significance strongly increases and both low and high elevation records exhibit a positive trend in all seasons. However, the trends result slightly lower than for all-sky days (with the only exception of winter). The differences observed under clear-sky conditions between low and high elevations are more pronounced in winter, where the trend shows a negative vertical gradient of about − 0.1% per decade every 100 m. Overall, this paper shows how a high station density allows performing a more detailed quality control thanks to the higher performances in detecting the inhomogeneities with higher data availability and capturing regional peculiarities otherwise impossible to observe.

Antiepileptic drug prophylaxis in severe traumatic brain injury [2] (multiple letters)

A discussion about the use of anti-epileptic drugs in patients with severe heade traum

1990–2016 surface solar radiation variability and trend over the Piedmont region (northwest Italy)

A new surface solar radiation database of 74 daily series is set up for the Piedmont region (northwest Italy) for the 1990\u20132016 period. All the series are subjected to a detailed quality control, homogenization and gap-filling procedure and are transformed into relative annual/seasonal anomaly series. Finally, a gridded version (0.5\ub0 70.5\ub0) of the database is generated. The resulting series show an increasing tendency of about + 2.5% per decade at annual scale, with strongest trend in autumn (+ 4% per decade). The only exception is winter, showing a negative but not significant trend. Considering the plain and mountain mean series, the trends are more intense for low than for high elevations with a negative vertical gradient of about 12 0.03% per decade per 100 m at annual scale and values up to 12 0.07% per decade per 100 m in spring. Focusing on clear days only (selected by CM SAF ClOud fractional cover dataset from METeosat first and second generation\u2014Edition 1 satellite data over the 1991\u20132015 period), trend significance strongly increases and both low and high elevation records exhibit a positive trend in all seasons. However, the trends result slightly lower than for all-sky days (with the only exception of winter). The differences observed under clear-sky conditions between low and high elevations are more pronounced in winter, where the trend shows a negative vertical gradient of about 12 0.1% per decade every 100 m. Overall, this paper shows how a high station density allows performing a more detailed quality control thanks to the higher performances in detecting the inhomogeneities with higher data availability and capturing regional peculiarities otherwise impossible to observe.