Zur Analyse pädagogischer Interaktion in reformierten Schuleingangsklassen anhand soziologischer Textinterpretation

Ausgangspunkt des Beitrags ist das bildungspolitische Ziel der Vergrößerung von Chancengleichheit, d.h. die Verbesserung der schulischen Erfolgschancen für Kinder aus den sozio-ökonomischen Unterschichten. Es werden der Hintergrund für die sogenannte deutsche Bildungskatastrophe und die daraus folgenden bildungspolitischen Reformen zu Beginn der 70er Jahre beschrieben. Mit dem Beispiel der Schuleingangsstufe (Schuleintritt mit 5 Jahren) wird ein Reformmodell für den Bereich Vorschulerziehung vorgestellt. Das Material für die vorliegende Analyse stammt aus Protokollen, die zu einer 1974 durchgeführten Untersuchung gehören, bei der in teilnehmender Beobachtung mit Tonbandaufzeichnung das Verhalten von 50 Kinder aus Berliner Eingangsstufen in nach sozio-ökonomischen Indikatoren kontrastierenden Einzugsgebieten analysiert wurde. Als Grundlage wird eine Szene aus einem Unterrichtsabschnitt dargestellt. Beginnend mit dem ersten Satz werden sämtliche protokollierten Interakte in der Reihenfolge ihres Auftretens kumulativ interpretiert. Die Interpretationen folgen dem Prinzip der extensiven Sinnauslegung, d.h. für jeden Interakt werden alle möglichen Bedeutungsgehalte expliziert. Dabei wird nicht nur der subjektiv gemeinte Sinn des Handelnden erschlossen. Es geht vor allem darum die objektiven, wenngleich in der Regel latent bleibenden Sinnstrukturen zu rekonstruieren. Damit werden die objektiven Beziehungsstrukturen zwischen Lehrern und Schülern sowie der Schüler untereinander erfaßt. Die Textinterpretation ist auf die Frage zugeschnitten, inwiefern die progressive pädagogische Interaktion dem Ziel der kompensatorischen Erziehung gerecht wird. (RW

Factors Influencing the Agricultural Technology Adoption: The Case of Improved Rice Varieties (Nerica) in the Northern Region, Ghana

This paper analyses factors that influence the adoption of (Nerica) rice technology in the Northern Region of Ghana. Both logit and probit models were used in the analysis. The results from the two models are consistent with each other; they have similar signs for each variable but slight difference in the magnitude of the coefficients.  Factors such as farm size, credit access, on-farm demonstration, tractor ownership, and family labor had positive influence on (Nerica) rice technology and statistically significant. The age, and profit orientation of the farmers had negative influence on the adoption on (Nerica) rice technology and statistically significant. Keywords: Nerica rice; probit; logit; technology adoption; Northern Ghana

Humidity Considerations in Filter Testing Based on Analysis of Filters from Gas Turbine Applications

Depth filters used in multistage filter systems adeptly clean the intake air of gas turbines, preventing damage and increasing performance. However, estimation of their service life is based on empirical data and/or standardized testing procedures, e.g., ISO 16890. By applying standardized synthetic test dusts at constant reference humidity, these testing procedures do not reflect application-typical loading conditions. Based on a direct comparison with field data, the influence of temporary exposure to high relative humidity on differential pressure and particle deposit structure is investigated. The results indicate that simulating humidity variations of the ambient atmosphere during filter tests leads to particle deposits, which more accurately reflect the actual behavior during operation

Head-to-head study of oxelumab and adalimumab in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis based on NOD/Scid IL2Rγnull mice reconstituted with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells

This study's aim was to demonstrate that the combination of patient immune profiling and testing in a humanized mouse model of ulcerative colitis (UC) might lead to patient stratification for treatment with oxelumab. First, immunological profiles of UC patients and non-UC donors were analyzed for CD4+ T cells expressing OX40 (CD134; also known as TNFRSF4) and CD14+ monocytes expressing OX40L (CD252; also known as TNFSF4) by flow cytometric analysis. A significant difference was observed between the groups for CD14+ OX40L+ (UC: n=11, 85.44±21.17, mean±s.d.; non-UC: n=5, 30.7±34.92; P=0.02), whereas no significant difference was detected for CD4+ OX40+. CD14+ OX40L+ monocytes were correlated significantly with T helper 1 and 2 cells. Second, NOD/Scid IL2Rγ null mice were reconstituted with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from UC donors exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L, and the efficacy of oxelumab was compared with that of adalimumab. The clinical, colon and histological scores and the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and glutamic acid were assessed. Treatment with oxelumab or adalimumab resulted in significantly reduced clinical, colon and histological scores, reduced serum concentrations of IL-6 and reduced frequencies of splenic human effector memory T cells and switched B cells. Comparison of the efficacy of adalimumab and oxelumab by orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis revealed that oxelumab was slightly superior to adalimumab; however, elevated serum concentrations of glutamic acid suggested ongoing inflammation. These results suggest that oxelumab addresses the pro-inflammatory arm of inflammation while promoting the remodeling arm and that patients exhibiting elevated levels of OX40L might benefit from treatment with oxelumab

Absence of gut microbiota reduces neonatal survival and exacerbates liver disease in Cyp2c70-deficient mice with a human-like bile acid composition

Mice with deletion of Cyp2c70 have a human-like bile acid composition, display age- and sex-dependent signs of hepatobiliary disease and can be used as a model to study interactions between bile acids and the gut microbiota in cholestatic liver disease. In the present study, we rederived Cyp2c70-/- mice as germ-free (GF) and colonized them with a human or a mouse microbiota to investigate whether the presence of a microbiota can be protective in cholangiopathic liver disease associated with Cyp2c70-deficiency. GF Cyp2c70-/- mice showed reduced neonatal survival, liver fibrosis, and distinct cholangiocyte proliferation. Colonization of germ-free breeding pairs with a human or a mouse microbiota normalized neonatal survival of the offspring, and particularly colonization with mouse microbiota from a conventionally raised mouse improved the liver phenotype at 6-10 weeks of age. The improved liver phenotype in conventionalized (CD) Cyp2c70-/- mice was associated with increased levels of tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and UDCA, resulting in a more hydrophilic bile acid profile compared with GF and humanized Cyp2c70-/- mice. The hydrophobicity index of biliary bile acids of CD Cyp2c70-/- mice was associated with changes in gut microbiota, liver weight, liver transaminases, and liver fibrosis. Hence, our results indicate that neonatal survival of Cyp2c70-/- mice seems to depend on the establishment of a gut microbiota at birth, and the improved liver phenotype in CD Cyp2c70-/- mice may be mediated by a larger proportion of TUDCA/UDCA in the circulating bile acid pool and/or by the presence of specific bacteria.</p

Hyperglycemia modulates extracellular amyloid-β concentrations and neuronal activity in vivo

Epidemiological studies show that patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and individuals with a diabetes-independent elevation in blood glucose have an increased risk for developing dementia, specifically dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These observations suggest that abnormal glucose metabolism likely plays a role in some aspects of AD pathogenesis, leading us to investigate the link between aberrant glucose metabolism, T2DM, and AD in murine models. Here, we combined two techniques — glucose clamps and in vivo microdialysis — as a means to dynamically modulate blood glucose levels in awake, freely moving mice while measuring real-time changes in amyloid-β (Aβ), glucose, and lactate within the hippocampal interstitial fluid (ISF). In a murine model of AD, induction of acute hyperglycemia in young animals increased ISF Aβ production and ISF lactate, which serves as a marker of neuronal activity. These effects were exacerbated in aged AD mice with marked Aβ plaque pathology. Inward rectifying, ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels mediated the response to elevated glucose levels, as pharmacological manipulation of K(ATP) channels in the hippocampus altered both ISF Aβ levels and neuronal activity. Taken together, these results suggest that K(ATP) channel activation mediates the response of hippocampal neurons to hyperglycemia by coupling metabolism with neuronal activity and ISF Aβ levels

Variable shifts in bird and bat assemblages as a result of reduced-impact logging revealed after 10 years

1. Selective logging is the most widespread driver of land-use change in biodiverse and carbon-rich tropical forests. However, the effects of selective logging on bio-diversity are less than those associated with other drivers of forest degradation. A suite of recent research has shown that reduced-impact logging (RIL) results in few or no changes to biological assemblages. But because this logging technique is relatively new, most studies have only considered short-term impacts. 2. We address this research gap by quantifying changes in biodiversity assemblage as a result of RIL over the longer term. We comprehensively sampled bird and bat assemblages pre-logged, 1 year after, and 10 years after RIL in Guyana, using a before-after control-impact (BACI) sampling design. We compared bird and bat assemblages in each timeframe, and additionally appraised the impact of time since logging, and the number of trees harvested across the suite of species which we further divided between different feeding guilds, disturbance sensitivity and vertical stratification of forest use. 3. We found that 1 year after logging only minor changes could be detected, but 10 years later richness had slightly declined in some groups, while others had shown complete recovery. Nectivorous and insectivorous birds, and carnivorous bats declined in richness, while carnivorous birds, showed a clear recovery to a state akin to pre-logging. This indicates that for some niches a subtle, but long-term relaxation effect may be occurring, whereby extinction debts are realized long after the initial disturbance, while other groups have either recovered or not changed after logging. 4. Assemblage changes were also predicted by vertical stratification of forest use, with avian species using the understorey and mid–upper levels of the forest being most affected. 5. Synthesis and applications: Our study demonstrates how best practice forestry and logging can maintain healthy vertebrate populations over the long term. Forestry concessions that adopt techniques of low-harvest RIL and are managed for their long-term timber provision through extension of regeneration times beyond 10 years after harvest, are likely to benefit from the ecosystem services provided by biodiversity, while also making a valuable contribution to the global conservation estate

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts